1982—2015年黄河流域植被NDVI时空变化及影响因素分析

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.05.005

生态环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (5): 929-937.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.05.005

1982—2015年黄河流域植被NDVI时空变化及影响因素分析

张静¹^,²(), 杜加强¹^,^*(), 盛芝露¹, 张杨成思¹, 吴金华¹, 刘博¹

1.中国环境科学研究院/国家环境保护区域生态过程与功能重点实验室,北京 100012
2.兰州大学生命科学学院,甘肃兰州 730000

收稿日期:2020-11-20 出版日期:2021-05-18 发布日期:2021-08-06
通讯作者: * 杜加强,男,研究员,研究方向为生态遥感、生态模拟、生态规划、生态恢复等。E-mail:dujq@craes.org.cn
作者简介:张静（1997年生）,女,硕士研究生,研究方向为生态遥感。E-mail:zhj19@lzu.eud.cn
基金资助:
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项(2019YSKY-026);国家自然科学基金项目(41001055)

Spatio-temporal Changes of Vegetation Cover and Their Influencing Factors in the Yellow River Basin from 1982 to 2015

ZHANG Jing¹^,²(), DU Jiaqiang¹^,^*(), SHENG Zhilu¹, ZHANG Yangchengsi¹, WU Jinhua¹, LIU Bo¹

1. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection for Regional Eco-Process and Function Assessment/Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China
2. School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China

Received:2020-11-20 Online:2021-05-18 Published:2021-08-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在全球变化的背景下,刻画植被动态、定量分析气候和人类活动对植被变化的影响对于改善生态系统结构和功能具有重要意义。基于GIMMS-NDVI3g数据、结合土地利用数据和气象数据,采用趋势分析、残差趋势等方法,多尺度、多时段、多类型研究1982—2015年黄河流域植被动态变化,并定量分析气候变化和人类活动对NDVI变化的贡献。结果表明,（1）1982—2015年间,生长季、春季、夏季和秋季NDVI均显著增加;植被明显改善地区主要分布在黄河中下游,而明显退化区域则主要分布在西南部。基于嵌套数据分析发现,随时间序列长度的增加,NDVI增加区域显著扩大。不同土地覆盖类型NDVI的增长速度不同,耕地和林地的增长速度大于其他土地覆盖类型。（2）黄河流域NDVI与气温的相关性更强,植被与温度/降水量相关性随着时段延长而增强。（3）残差趋势法表明,1982—2015年生长季人类活动对黄河流域植被变化的平均贡献率为69%,空间分布上呈现西北部、东部高而西南部、中部低的特征;人类活动贡献率在不同季节存在差异,但均大于气候变化;人类活动对不同季节NDVI变化的贡献率空间分布存在区域差异。黄河流域植被覆盖改善与人类活动息息相关,建议应进一步发挥其在黄河流域西南部地区植被恢复中的作用。

关键词: 黄河流域, 植被NDVI, 趋势分析, 气候变化, 人类活动, 残差趋势法

Abstract:

Understand the dynamics of vegetation and their controlling factors related to climate change and human activity is critical to maintain and improve ecosystem structure and function in the context of global change. Here we comprehensively investigated vegetation dynamics and their controls at multiple spatiotemporal scales and across different biomes over the Yellow River Basin (YRB) based on GIMMS-NDVI3g, land use/land cover data and meteorological data from 1982-2015. Trend analysis and residual analysis were used to quantify the contributions of climate change and human activity to NDVI change. Our major findings are summarized below: (1) From 1982 to 2015, averaged NDVI in the growing season, and each subperiod of spring, summer and autumn all increased significantly. The strong greening areas were mainly distributed in the middle and lower reaches of YRB, while the degraded areas were distributed in the southwestern basin. Based on the analysis of nested data, we found that the area of increased NDVI expanded significantly as the length of the time series increased. The increasing rate of NDVI varied among different land cover types, of crop land and forests shower much higher rate than other types. (2) Among the two climate factors, air temperature showed the strongest correlation with NDVI. The relationships between NDVI and climate factors strengthened with time. And (3) our residual analysis showed that human activity contributed the highest to the growing season vegetation change (i.e., 69% of total variations) over the basin during the study period. The contribution exhibited higher in the northwestern and east parts of the basin, but lower in the southwestern and central parts of the basin. Although the contribution of human activity varied among seasons and across regions, they all outperformed the effect of climate change. Overall, our study confirmed the strong positive effect of human activity (mainly related to afforestation and reforestation) on the vegetation improvements in the YRB, an effort that needs to be maintained in the future vegetation restoration over this large basin.

Key words: Yellow River Basin, NDVI, trend analysis, climate change, human activities, residual analysis

中图分类号:

Q948
X17

张静, 杜加强, 盛芝露, 张杨成思, 吴金华, 刘博. 1982—2015年黄河流域植被NDVI时空变化及影响因素分析[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(5): 929-937.

ZHANG Jing, DU Jiaqiang, SHENG Zhilu, ZHANG Yangchengsi, WU Jinhua, LIU Bo. Spatio-temporal Changes of Vegetation Cover and Their Influencing Factors in the Yellow River Basin from 1982 to 2015[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2021, 30(5): 929-937.

图/表 10

图1 黄河流域位置图

Fig. 1 Location Map of the Yellow River Basin

图2 黄河流域各季节平均NDVI变化趋势

Fig. 2 Variation trend of mean NDVI in Yellow River Basin

图3 各季节NDVI在17个时段的变化率和相对变化率

Fig. 3 Variation rate and relative change rate NDVI each season in 17 periods

图4 黄河上中下游各季节NDVI17个时段的相对变化率

Fig. 4 The relative change rates of NDVI 17 periods in the upper, middle and lower seasons of the Yellow River

图5 1982—2015黄河流域NDVI变化趋势

Fig. 5 1982?2015 NDVI trends in the Yellow River Basin

表1 17个时段各季节NDVI与气候要素的相关系数（R 2）

Table 1 Correlations between seasonal NDVI and climate factors during seventeen periods

指标 Index	时段 Period	P1	P2	P3	P4	P5	P6	P7	P8	P9	P10	P11	P12	P13	P14	P15	P16	P17
NDVI & Temperature（气温）	生长季 Growing	0.43	0.38	0.36	0.38	0.38	0.38	0.41	0.40	0.42	0.43	0.50	0.51	0.51	0.50	0.55	0.56	0.56
	春季 Spring	0.48	0.43	0.42	0.40	0.40	0.47	0.48	0.49	0.52	0.55	0.59	0.53	0.54	0.58	0.58	0.60	0.59
	夏季 Summer	0.17	0.17	0.18	0.18	0.19	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.19	0.09	0.04	0.05	0.04	0.08	0.14	0.20	0.22
	秋季 Autumn	0.05	0.05	0.14	0.13	0.17	0.12	0.16	0.18	0.17	0.21	0.26	0.30	0.29	0.22	0.25	0.28	0.29
NDVI & Precipitation（降水）	生长季 Growing	0.05	0.03	0.03	0.06	0.06	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.06	0.04	0.01	0.04	0.05	0.11	0.18	0.22	0.16
	春季 Spring	0.30	0.31	0.32	0.36	0.37	0.33	0.32	0.32	0.27	0.22	0.23	0.25	0.24	0.22	0.23	0.26	0.29
	夏季 Summer	0.23	0.24	0.28	0.22	0.20	0.19	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.15	0.11	0.10	0.08	0.17	0.27	0.23	0.09
	秋季 Autumn	0.15	0.15	0.03	0.03	0.14	0.09	0.13	0.12	0.17	0.21	0.18	0.18	0.18	0.16	0.14	0.20	0.20

图6 各季节NDVI与气温/降水相关性

Fig. 6 Correlation of NDVI and temperature/precipitation by season

图7 各季节1982—2015年气候变化和人类活动对植被变化的影响空间分布

Fig. 7 Spatial distribution of impacts of climate change and human activities on vegetation change in each season from 1982 to 2015

图8 1982—2015年毛乌素生长季NDVI变化趋势和人类活动对其影响分布

Fig. 8 NDVI trends during the growth season and the impact of human activities on vegetation changes in Maowusu from 1982 to 2015

图9 甘南州NDVI和载畜量变化

Fig. 9 Changes of NDVI and carrying capacity in Gannan

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1982—2015年黄河流域植被NDVI时空变化及影响因素分析

Spatio-temporal Changes of Vegetation Cover and Their Influencing Factors in the Yellow River Basin from 1982 to 2015

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