2019年秋季三亚市一次典型臭氧污染个例气象成因解析

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.01.011

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (1): 89-99.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.01.011

2019年秋季三亚市一次典型臭氧污染个例气象成因解析

符传博¹^,³(), 丹利²^,^*(), 刘丽君¹^,³, 佟金鹤¹^,³

1.海南省气象科学研究所,海南海口 570203
2.中国科学院大气物理研究所东亚区域气候-环境重点实验室,北京 100029
3.海南省南海气象防灾减灾重点实验室,海南海口 570203

收稿日期:2021-07-06 出版日期:2022-01-18 发布日期:2022-03-10
通讯作者: *丹利,研究员,博士研究生导师,E-mail: danli@tea.ac.cn
作者简介:符传博（1985年生）,男,正高级工程师,主要从事大气环境与气候模拟的研究。E-mail: hnfuchuanbo@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42065010);国家自然科学基金项目(41775011);海南省重大科技计划项目(ZDKJ202007);海南省气象局科研项目(HNQXXT202002)

Characteristics of A Typical Ozone Pollution Event and Its Meteorological Reason in Sanya City in Autumn 2019

FU Chuanbo¹^,³(), DAN Li²^,^*(), LIU Lijun¹^,³, TONG Jinhe¹^,³

1. Hainan Institute of Meteorological Science, Haikou 570203, P. R. China
2. Hainan Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Haikou, 571126, P. R. China
3. Key Laboratory of South China Sea Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Hainan Province, Haikou 570203, P. R. China

Received:2021-07-06 Online:2022-01-18 Published:2022-03-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

三亚市位于海南岛最南端,旅游资源丰富,生态环境良好,是海南建设国际旅游岛和国家生态文明试验区的重要城市之一。2019年秋季三亚市出现的一次臭氧（Ozone,O₃）污染过程,为科学认识三亚市此次O₃污染特征及气象学成因,也为进一步开展O₃污染预警预报和科学治理提供技术支撑,利用2019年11月1—6日三亚市生态环境局对外发布的大气污染物数据,以及地面常规观测数据,结合ECMWF发布的第5代资料（the fifth generation ECMWF reanalysis data,ERA5）,采用相关分析和后向轨迹模型对其进行分析。结果表明,11月4日和5日O₃-8 h（臭氧最大8 h滑动平均）分别为162 μg∙m^-3和180 μg∙m^-3,超标百分比为101.25%和112.50%。5日O₃-1 h（臭氧最大1 h平均）达到了203 μg∙m^-3,超标百分比为101.50%。14:00—19:00是O₃质量浓度高值时段,气温偏高,相对湿度偏小,风速偏弱等气象条件的出现促进了此次O₃污染过程的发生。天气形势特征分析表明,低层冷空气扩散南下,低空风场逆转为东北风,有利于北方污染气团向三亚市输送;后向轨迹分析表明,污染时段的影响气流主要来自中国内陆地区,经过广东省珠三角地区到达三亚市。通过物理量场的计算可知,受五指山山脉的阻挡,低层气流绕山辐合明显,污染时段三亚市上空气流辐合中心值高达-12×10^-5·s^-1,加之10 m风速（v_{10 m wind}）和垂直切变较弱,不利于三亚市O₃的扩散。

关键词: 臭氧, EAR5, 气象成因, 天气形势, 外源传输, 三亚市

Abstract:

Sanya is located at the southernmost tip of the Hainan island, with plenty of tourism resources and ecological reservoir. It is one of the most important cities for building an international tourist island and a national ecological civilization experimental zone in Hainan. To understand the characteristics and meteorological causes of a typical ozone (O₃) pollution event occurred in autumn 2019 in Sanya City, this study analyzed the pollutant concentration data released by the Sanya Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment, ground observation data, and the ERA5 reanalysis data (the fifth generation ECMWF reanalysis data) from November 1^st to 6^th. The results informed the development of the O₃ pollution early warning, forecasting, and scientific governance. The correlation analysis and backward trajectory model were also used in the study. Results showed that, the values of O₃-8 h (the maximum 8h O₃ concentration) were 162 μg∙m^-3 and 180 μg∙m^-3 on November 4^th and 5^th and were 101.25% and 112.50% above the standard. The O₃-1 h (the maximum 1h O₃ concentration) reached 203 μg∙m^-3 (101.50%) on the 5^th, exceeding the secondary national air quality standard. High O₃ concentration mainly appeared between 14:00 and 19:00. Meteorological conditions of high temperature, low relative humidity, and low speed wind triggered the O₃ pollution process. By analyzing the weather condition, we found that as low-level cold air moved southward and low-level wind field reversed to northeasterly wind, the polluted air mass was transported from north to Sanya City. Moreover, the backward trajectory analysis indicated that the airflow affected by the pollution period mainly came from the inland areas of China. The airflow passed through the Pearl River Delta of Guangdong Province before arriving at Sanya. Results concerning the physical quantity suggested that the low-level airflow, obstructed by the Wuzhishan Mountain, converged in the region of Sanya City. The value of the convergence center was as high as -12×10^-5·s^-1 during the pollution period. In addition, the horizontal wind speed and vertical shear were too weak for O₃ diffusion to occur in Sanya City.

Key words: ozone, ERA5, meteorological reason, weather situation, external transport, Sanya City

中图分类号:

符传博, 丹利, 刘丽君, 佟金鹤. 2019年秋季三亚市一次典型臭氧污染个例气象成因解析[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(1): 89-99.

FU Chuanbo, DAN Li, LIU Lijun, TONG Jinhe. Characteristics of A Typical Ozone Pollution Event and Its Meteorological Reason in Sanya City in Autumn 2019[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(1): 89-99.

图/表 12

图1 三亚市地理位置示意图

Figure 1 Geographical distribution of Sanya City

表1 2019年11月1—6日三亚市AQI和大气污染物质量浓度对比

Table 1 Comparison of AQI and air pollutant concentration in Sanya City from November 1-6, 2019

日期 Date	AQI	PM_2.5/ (μg∙m^-3)	PM₁₀/ (μg∙m^-3)	SO₂/ (μg∙m^-3)	NO₂/ (μg∙m^-3)	O₃-8 h/ (μg∙m^-3)	O₃-1 h/ (μg∙m^-3)	CO/ (mg∙m^-3)
1	26	6	14	4	5	52	59	0.4
2	37	12	29	4	4	74	79	0.4
3	67	20	39	4	13	120	136	0.4
4	102	46	76	7	20	162	185	0.7
5	119	40	71	7	16	180	203	0.6
6	82	36	62	6	14	141	144	0.6

表2 2019年11月1—6日三亚市气象要素对比

Table 2 Comparison of meteorological factors in Sanya City from November 1-6, 2019

日期 Date	日降水量 Daily precipitation/ mm	平均气温 Average temperature/ ℃	相对湿度 Relative humidity/ %	平均风速 Average wind speed/ (m∙s^-1)	平均气压 Average pressure/ hPa
1	105.8	22.7	100	6.2	965.0
2	3.9	23.3	90	8.5	964.8
3	0.0	23.1	81	4.9	964.9
4	0.0	23.1	78	5.5	965.3
5	0.0	22.3	72	4.0	964.5
6	0.0	21.6	79	4.0	962.9

图2 2019年11月1—5日三亚市O3、NO2质量浓度和气象要素逐时变化

Figure 2 Hourly variation of O3, NO2 and meteorological factors in Sanya City from November 1st to 5th, 2019

图3 2019年11月初500 hPa高度场和风场（a）11月1日、（b）11月2日、（c）11月4日、（d）11月5日高度场（黑色实线,100 dagpm）和风速（m∙s-1）

Figure 3 500 hPa geopotential height and wind fields in early November 2019 (a) Nov., 1, (b) Nov., 2, (c) Nov., 4, (d) Nov., 5 of geopotential height (black contours, 100 dagpm) and wind speed (m∙s-1)

图4 2019年11月初主要气象要素场分布（a）11月1日、（b）11月2日、（c）11月4日、（d）11月5日

Figure 4 Distribution of main meteorological parameter fields in early November 2019 (a) Nov., 1, (b) Nov., 2, (c) Nov., 4, (d) Nov., 5

图5 2019年11月1日—5日08时三亚市不同高度48 h后向轨迹

Figure 5 48h backward trajectories of air parcel at different altitudes during the period of 1 to 5 November at 08:00, 2019 in Sanya City

图6 2019年11月初950 hPa风场、气温和垂直速度分布（a）11月1日14:00、（b）11月2日14:00、（c）11月4日14:00、（d）11月5日14:00风场、气温和垂直速度。正数代表垂直向下运动,负数代表垂直向上运动

Figure 6 Distribution of 950 hPa wind field, air temperature and vertical velocity fields in early November 2019 (a) Nov., 1 at 14:00, (b) Nov., 2 at 14:00, (c) Nov., 4 at 14:00, (d) Nov., 5 at 14:00 of wind field, air temperature and vertical speed. Positive numbers represent vertical downward movement, negative numbers represent vertical upward movement

图7 2019年11月初950 hPa散度和流场分布（a）11月1日14:00、（b）11月2日14:00、（c）11月4日14:00、（d）11月5日14:00散度和流线。正数代表水平辐散,负数代表水平辐合

Figure 7 Distribution of 950 hPa divergence and flow fields in early November 2019 (a) Nov., 1 at 14:00, (b) Nov., 2 at 14:00, (c) Nov., 4 at 14:00, (d) Nov., 5 at 14:00 of divergence and streamline. Positive numbers represent horizontal divergence, negative numbers represent horizontal convergence

图8 2019年11月初三亚市不同层次垂直风和水平速度分布垂直风正数代表垂直向下运动,负数代表垂直向上运动

Figure 8 Distribution of vertical wind and horizontal velocity at different levels in Sanya in early November 2019 Positive numbers of vertical wind represent vertical downward movement, and negative numbers represent vertical upward movement

图9 三亚市2019年11月初不同层次散度场分布

Figure 9 Distribution of different levels of Divergence in Sanya City in early November 2019

图10 2019年11月初三亚市10 m风速和500 hPa与850 hPa水平风垂直切变逐时变化（a）风速、（b）水平风垂直切变

Figure 10 Hourly change of 10m wind speed and 500hPa and 850hPa horizontal wind vertical shear at different levels in Sanya in early November 2019 (a) wind speed, (b) horizontal wind vertical shear

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2019年秋季三亚市一次典型臭氧污染个例气象成因解析

Characteristics of A Typical Ozone Pollution Event and Its Meteorological Reason in Sanya City in Autumn 2019

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