家居市场挥发性有机物排放成分谱及排放估算

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.06.008

生态环境学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (6): 1070-1077.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.06.008

家居市场挥发性有机物排放成分谱及排放估算

闫学军¹(), 郝赛梅², 张荣荣¹, 秦华¹, 高素莲¹, 王锋¹, 靳宪忠³, 孙友敏², 张桂芹²^,^*()

1.山东省济南生态环境监测中心，山东济南 250101
2.山东建筑大学市政与环境工程学院，山东济南 250101
3.山东碧轩环境检测有限公司，山东济南 250013

收稿日期:2022-05-12 出版日期:2023-06-18 发布日期:2023-09-01
通讯作者: *张桂芹（1969年生），女，教授，博士，主要从事大气污染控制理论与技术研究。E-mail: zhangguiqin320@163.com
作者简介:闫学军（1981年生），男，高级工程师，主要从事大气污染防治研究。E-mail: 15806663698@163.com
基金资助:
济南市大气源清单编制项目(Z21021Z);济南市高校20条资助项目(Z21015Z)

Composition Spectrum and Emission Estimation of VOCs from Furniture Malls

YAN Xuejun¹(), HAO Saimei², ZHANG Rongrong¹, QIN Hua¹, GAO Sulian¹, WANG Feng¹, JIN Xianzhong³, SUN Youmin², ZHANG Guiqin²^,^*()

1. Shandong Jinan Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Ji’nan 250101, P. R. China
2. School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Ji’nan 250101, P. R. China
3. Shandong Bixuan Environmental Testing Co., LTD, Ji’nan 250013, P. R. China

Received:2022-05-12 Online:2023-06-18 Published:2023-09-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

城市中家居市场集聚区域由于家具陈列与仓储，是城市挥发性有机物（Volatile organic compounds，VOCs）无组织排放主要贡献源之一。对济南市区内家居市场及周边环境空气VOCs进行现场监测，分析了不同类型家居市场VOCs排放特征和成分谱，计算不同类型家居市场VOCs排放因子及排放量，并与周围环境空气中VOCs组分特征进行对比。结果表明，济南市低档家居市场D中VOCs质量浓度最高为653.00 μg·m^-3，其次为中档家居市场C和B，高档家居市场A内VOCs质量浓度最低，为149.00 μg·m^-3；市场内VOCs主要种类为OVOCs、芳香烃和卤代烃，低档家居市场D中芳香烃占比最高（39.05%），其他家居市场OVOCs占比最高；各家居市场臭氧生成潜势O_FP从大到小依次为D>B>C>A，芳香烃O_FP在家居市场占比最大；不同档次家居市场中VOCs组分种类有差异，低档家居市场VOCs组分种类最多，各家居市场均检出丙酮、甲苯和邻二甲苯，主要是受市场内胶合板类家具释放的影响，低档家居市场D中二氯甲烷质量浓度最高，为183.00 μg·m^-3，中高档家居市场丙酮质量浓度均最高，为188.00 μg·m^-3，与市场内实木家具和水溶性涂料的家具释放有关；对比家居市场与环境空气VOCs组分发现，家居市场和环境空气中甲苯和邻二甲苯质量浓度均较高，A和B市场邻二甲苯O_FP分别是环境空气的9.08、36.33倍，家居市场中活性较大的芳香烃排放对室外环境空气影响较大；通过计算获得A、B、C和D家居市场VOCs排放因子分别为86.15、257.54、239.15、308.90 g·m^-2，年排放量分别为3.45、2.74、3.59、2.47 t。研究成果可为进一步提出家居市场VOCs科学深入管控对策提供技术支撑。

关键词: 家居市场, VOCs, 臭氧生成潜势, 成分谱, 排放因子

Abstract:

Furniture display and storage in the furniture mall gathering area is one of the main contributing sources of urban volatile organic compounds (VOCs) unorganized emissions. On-site monitoring of VOCs in furniture malls and surrounding ambient air in Jinan was conducted to analyze the VOCs emission characteristics and composition spectrum of different types of furniture malls, calculate the VOCs emission factors and emissions from different types of household markets, compared with the VOCs component characteristics of surrounding ambient air. The results showed that the highest VOCs concentration was 653.00 μg·m^-3 in low-grade furniture mall (D) in Ji’nan, followed by mid-grade furniture malls (C and B), and the lowest VOCs concentration was 149.00 μg·m^-3 in high-grade furniture mall (A). The main groups of VOCs in the malls were OVOCs, aromatic hydrocarbons, and halogenated hydrocarbons, with the highest proportion of aromatic hydrocarbons (39.05%) in low-grade furniture mall (D) and OVOCs accounted for the highest proportion in other furniture malls. The rank of furniture malls’ O_FP followed the order of D>B>C>A. Aromatic hydrocarbon in the home market accounted for the largest O_FP. The types of VOCs from furniture malls of different grades were different in that low-grade furniture mall emitted more kinds of VOCs. Acetone, toluene, and 1, 2-xylene were detected in all furniture malls. By the release of plywood-type furniture in the malls, low-grade furniture mall (D) had the highest concentration of methylene chloride at 183.00 μg·m^-3, and the other furniture malls had the highest concentration of acetone, which was related to the release from solid wood furniture and water-soluble paints in the malls. Comparing furniture malls with ambient air VOCs components revealed that toluene and 1, 2-xylene concentrations were at a high level in the malls and sites. The O_FP of 1, 2-xylene in malls A and B was 9.08 and 36.33 times higher than that in ambient sites. The emissions of more reactive aromatic hydrocarbons in furniture malls had a greater impact on ambient air. By calculating the emissions and emission factors of furniture malls, it was found that the emission factors of VOCs were 86.15, 257.54, 239.15, and 308.90 g·m^-2 for A, B, C, and D furniture malls, with annual emissions amounting to 3.45, 2.74, 3.59, and 2.47 t, respectively. The study of VOCs emission characteristics for the furniture malls industry in the urban area can provide technical support for further scientific and in-depth control of VOCs in the furniture malls.

Key words: furniture mall, VOCs, ozone formation potential, composition spectrum, emission factor

中图分类号:

X131.1

闫学军, 郝赛梅, 张荣荣, 秦华, 高素莲, 王锋, 靳宪忠, 孙友敏, 张桂芹. 家居市场挥发性有机物排放成分谱及排放估算[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(6): 1070-1077.

YAN Xuejun, HAO Saimei, ZHANG Rongrong, QIN Hua, GAO Sulian, WANG Feng, JIN Xianzhong, SUN Youmin, ZHANG Guiqin. Composition Spectrum and Emission Estimation of VOCs from Furniture Malls[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(6): 1070-1077.

图/表 6

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化合物名称	保留时间/ min	化合物名称	保留时间/ min
二氯二氟甲烷	0.777	1, 2-二氯丙烷	2.313
1, 2-二氯四氟乙烷	0.819	1, 4-二氧己环	2.400
氯乙烯	0.842	三氯乙烯	2.401
1, 3-丁二烯	0.858	甲基丙烯酸甲酯	2.453
溴甲烷	0.906	庚烷	2.475
乙醇	0.914	顺式-1, 3-二氯丙烯	2.764
异丙醇	0.921	甲基异丁酮	2.773
氯乙烷	0.93	反式-1, 3-二氯丙烯	3.023
丙烯醛	0.957	1, 1, 2-三氯乙烷	3.101
丙酮	0.981	甲苯	3.239
三氯氟甲烷	1.041	2-己酮	3.351
丙烯腈	1.088	1, 2-二溴乙烷	3.510
二氯甲烷	1.145	四氯乙烯	3.698
3-氯丙烯	1.181	氯苯	3.942
二硫化碳	1.196	乙基苯	4.081
1, 1, 2-三氟三氯乙烷	1.202	间/对-二甲基苯	4.142
(E)-1, 2-二氯乙烯	1.286	1, 2-二甲基苯	4.258
1, 1-二氯乙烷	1.369	苯乙烯	4.265
2-丁酮	1.419	4-乙基甲苯	4.721
(Z)-1, 2-二氯乙烯	1.551	1, 3, 5-三甲基苯	4.749
三氯甲烷	1.614	1, 2, 4-三甲基苯	4.886
四氢呋喃	1.723	1, 3-二氯苯	4.931
1, 2-二氯乙烷	1.814	1, 4-二氯苯	4.951
1, 1, 1-三氯乙烷	1.895	1, 2-二氯苯	5.074
苯	2.034	萘	5.688
四氯化碳	2.079	1, 2, 4-三氯苯	5.692
环己烷	2.086	六氯-1, 3-丁二烯	5.865

化合物名称	保留时间/ min	化合物名称	保留时间/ min
二氯二氟甲烷	0.777	1, 2-二氯丙烷	2.313
1, 2-二氯四氟乙烷	0.819	1, 4-二氧己环	2.400
氯乙烯	0.842	三氯乙烯	2.401
1, 3-丁二烯	0.858	甲基丙烯酸甲酯	2.453
溴甲烷	0.906	庚烷	2.475
乙醇	0.914	顺式-1, 3-二氯丙烯	2.764
异丙醇	0.921	甲基异丁酮	2.773
氯乙烷	0.93	反式-1, 3-二氯丙烯	3.023
丙烯醛	0.957	1, 1, 2-三氯乙烷	3.101
丙酮	0.981	甲苯	3.239
三氯氟甲烷	1.041	2-己酮	3.351
丙烯腈	1.088	1, 2-二溴乙烷	3.510
二氯甲烷	1.145	四氯乙烯	3.698
3-氯丙烯	1.181	氯苯	3.942
二硫化碳	1.196	乙基苯	4.081
1, 1, 2-三氟三氯乙烷	1.202	间/对-二甲基苯	4.142
(E)-1, 2-二氯乙烯	1.286	1, 2-二甲基苯	4.258
1, 1-二氯乙烷	1.369	苯乙烯	4.265
2-丁酮	1.419	4-乙基甲苯	4.721
(Z)-1, 2-二氯乙烯	1.551	1, 3, 5-三甲基苯	4.749
三氯甲烷	1.614	1, 2, 4-三甲基苯	4.886
四氢呋喃	1.723	1, 3-二氯苯	4.931
1, 2-二氯乙烷	1.814	1, 4-二氯苯	4.951
1, 1, 1-三氯乙烷	1.895	1, 2-二氯苯	5.074
苯	2.034	萘	5.688
四氯化碳	2.079	1, 2, 4-三氯苯	5.692
环己烷	2.086	六氯-1, 3-丁二烯	5.865

化合物名称	A		B		C		环境空气站点
化合物名称	质量浓度	O_FP	质量浓度	O_FP	质量浓度	O_FP	质量浓度	O_FP
甲苯	25.00	191.96	14.00	107.5	20.00	153.57	3.64	27.95
邻二甲苯	17.00	287.25	68.00	1149.01	21.00	354.84	1.87	31.63
间/对-二甲苯	ND	ND	24.00	310.02	3.00	38.75	1.82	23.57
乙基苯	ND	ND	ND	ND	3.00	20.17	1.30	8.76
1, 3, 5-三甲基苯	ND	ND	28.00	824.5	51.00	1501.77	0.99	29.23
4-乙基甲苯	19.00	211.23	ND	ND	ND	ND	0.83	9.25
丙酮	52.00	22.65	155.00	67.52	188.00	81.89	ND	ND
异丙醇	ND	ND	ND	ND	129.00	ND	ND	ND
乙醇	ND	ND	ND	ND	40.00	ND	ND	ND
2-丁酮	35.00	77.82	103.00	229.01	ND	ND	ND	ND
合计	148.00	790.91	392.00	2687.55	455.00	2151.00	10.46	130.39

化合物名称	A		B		C		环境空气站点
化合物名称	质量浓度	O_FP	质量浓度	O_FP	质量浓度	O_FP	质量浓度	O_FP
甲苯	25.00	191.96	14.00	107.5	20.00	153.57	3.64	27.95
邻二甲苯	17.00	287.25	68.00	1149.01	21.00	354.84	1.87	31.63
间/对-二甲苯	ND	ND	24.00	310.02	3.00	38.75	1.82	23.57
乙基苯	ND	ND	ND	ND	3.00	20.17	1.30	8.76
1, 3, 5-三甲基苯	ND	ND	28.00	824.5	51.00	1501.77	0.99	29.23
4-乙基甲苯	19.00	211.23	ND	ND	ND	ND	0.83	9.25
丙酮	52.00	22.65	155.00	67.52	188.00	81.89	ND	ND
异丙醇	ND	ND	ND	ND	129.00	ND	ND	ND
乙醇	ND	ND	ND	ND	40.00	ND	ND	ND
2-丁酮	35.00	77.82	103.00	229.01	ND	ND	ND	ND
合计	148.00	790.91	392.00	2687.55	455.00	2151.00	10.46	130.39

化合物种类	D		C		B		A
化合物种类	排放因子/(g·m^-2)	排放量/(t·a^-1)	排放因子/(g·m^-2)	排放量/(t·a^-1)	排放因子/(g·m^-2)	排放量/(t·a^-1)	排放因子/(g·m^-2)	排放量/(t·a^-1)
芳香烃	120.63	0.97	51.51	0.77	88.04	0.93	35.85	1.43
卤代烃	91.77	0.73	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
OVOCs	96.50	0.77	187.64	2.81	169.51	1.80	50.30	2.01
合计	308.90	2.47	239.15	3.59	257.54	2.74	86.15	3.45

家居市场挥发性有机物排放成分谱及排放估算

Composition Spectrum and Emission Estimation of VOCs from Furniture Malls

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