镉污染菜地叶面阻隔剂对不同品种辣椒镉积累影响

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.08.022

生态环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (8): 1751-1756.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.08.022

镉污染菜地叶面阻隔剂对不同品种辣椒镉积累影响

王卫红¹^,²(), 高双全¹, 杜衍红¹, 李志丰¹, 窦飞¹, 曾晓舵¹^,^*()

1.广东省科学院生态环境与土壤研究所,广东广州 510650
2.深圳市环保科技集团有限公司,广东深圳 518049

收稿日期:2021-06-26 出版日期:2021-08-18 发布日期:2021-11-03
通讯作者: * 曾晓舵（1970年生）,女,高级工程师,博士,从事土壤环境生态与可持续发展研究。E-mail: xdzeng@soil.gd.cn
作者简介:王卫红（1969年生）,男,高级工程师,硕士,研究方向为工业废物资源化利用。E-mail: wwh-sz@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41907139);国家自然科学基金项目(42077354)

Effects of Foliar Barriers Agent on Cadmium Accumulation in Different Varieties of Pepper Planted in Cadmium Contaminated Vegetable Field

WANG Weihong¹^,²(), GAO Shuangquan¹, DU Yanhong¹, LI Zhifeng¹, DOU Fei¹, ZENG Xiaoduo¹^,^*()

1. Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management/Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
2. Shenzhen Environmental Protection Technology Group Co., Ltd, Shenzhen 518049, China

Received:2021-06-26 Online:2021-08-18 Published:2021-11-03

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

工业废弃物排放和农药化肥的广泛使用加深了耕地土壤重金属污染,使农田生态系统和农产品质量安全受到威胁。针对广州某镉（Cd）超标的设施菜地,通过蔬菜污染风险调查、筛选低Cd积累品种、喷施叶面阻隔剂“降镉灵”和“喷喷富”抑制辣椒吸收Cd三阶段试验,探索高富集Cd蔬菜——辣椒的安全生产技术（Capsicum annuum L.）,以期为防控蔬菜积累Cd、改善设施菜地生态环境提供技术支撑。在该设施菜地种植8种常见的叶菜类蔬菜和茄果类蔬菜进行污染风险调查,发现辣椒相比其他茄果类蔬菜和叶菜类蔬菜更易于积累Cd;种植9种常见的辣椒品种进行Cd低积累辣椒筛选,发现不同品种辣椒Cd含量差异性较大,辣优19号是良好的Cd低积累品种,其成熟期Cd含量为0.028 mg∙kg^-1,远低于其他品种辣椒Cd含量和国家食品卫生标准（GB 2762—2017）限量值（0.05 mg∙kg^-1）,适合在中轻度Cd污染设施菜地种植;选择3种积累Cd能力不同（高、中、低）的辣椒品种,在辣椒坐果期分别喷施硅溶胶制剂降镉灵和硒硅溶胶制剂喷喷富,辣椒Cd含量可分别降低35.71%—64.39%和39.29%—67.42%,表明两种叶面阻隔剂均能显著抑制Cd高、中、低积累辣椒品种对土壤Cd吸收,且辣椒Cd含量均低于国家食品卫生标准（GB 2762—2017）限量值。此外,两种叶面阻隔剂均提高了辣椒中可溶性糖、Vitamin C含量和辣椒产量,相比对照,施用降镉灵分别可使3种辣椒中可溶性糖含量提升7.75%—10.19%、Vitamin C含量提升4.09%—9.90%、辣椒产量提升3.77%—4.89%;施用喷喷富分别使3种辣椒中可溶性糖含量提升10.92%—12.08%、Vitamin C含量提升4.09%—12.78%、辣椒产量提升5.81%—9.74%,喷喷富对辣椒营养组分含量的提升效果略优于降镉灵。硅、硒元素是农作物生长必备营养元素,以其为主要成分的叶面阻隔剂具有效果显著、环境友好等优点。

关键词: 重金属污染, 镉, 蔬菜, 辣椒, 品种筛选, 叶面阻隔剂

Abstract:

In this paper, we conducted a three-stage experimental research work that focused on the assessment of (1) heavy metal pollution, (2) low-cadmium accumulation pepper selecting, and (3) spraying of foliar barrier agents Jiang-ge-ling and Pen-pen-fu to inhibit the absorption of Cd in peppers, aiming to find a safe pepper production technology. The results of the study showed that pepper, as a common solanaceous crop, was easier to accumulate Cd in fruits than other vegetables. Cd accumulation was varied in different pepper species, for which La-you-19 was a good low Cd accumulation species. The Cd content of pepper could reduce by 35.71%-64.39% and 39.29%-67.42% after spraying with Jiang-ge-ling (silicon fertilizer) and selenium Pen-pen-fu (selenium fertilizer), respectively, indicating that both two foliar barrier agents can significantly inhibit high, medium, low-accumulation pepper varieties for absorbing Cd from the soil. In addition, the two foliar barrier agents could significantly increase the soluble sugar and vitamin C contents in peppers and pepper field yield. The effect of Pen-pen-fu on improving nutrient component contents of pepper was slightly better than that of Jiang-ge-ling. Silicon and selenium are essential nutrient elements for the growth of crops, the foliar barrier agent with them as the main ingredients has significant effects on plants and it is also environment friendly.

Key words: heavy metal contamination, cadmium, vegetables, Capsicum annuum L., variety screening, foliar barriers

中图分类号:

王卫红, 高双全, 杜衍红, 李志丰, 窦飞, 曾晓舵. 镉污染菜地叶面阻隔剂对不同品种辣椒镉积累影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(8): 1751-1756.

WANG Weihong, GAO Shuangquan, DU Yanhong, LI Zhifeng, DOU Fei, ZENG Xiaoduo. Effects of Foliar Barriers Agent on Cadmium Accumulation in Different Varieties of Pepper Planted in Cadmium Contaminated Vegetable Field[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2021, 30(8): 1751-1756.

图/表 7

参考文献 24

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重金属 Heavy metal	镉 Cd	砷 As	铅 Pb	铬 Cr	汞 Hg	pH
土壤 Soil	0.70± 0.02	23.20± 0.12	52.70± 0.21	80.80± 0.16	0.19± 0.01	7.2
土壤污染风险筛选值 Limit values of heavy metals in soil	0.3	30	120	200	2.4	6.5-7.5

重金属 Heavy metal	镉 Cd	砷 As	铅 Pb	铬 Cr	汞 Hg	pH
土壤 Soil	0.70± 0.02	23.20± 0.12	52.70± 0.21	80.80± 0.16	0.19± 0.01	7.2
土壤污染风险筛选值 Limit values of heavy metals in soil	0.3	30	120	200	2.4	6.5-7.5

蔬菜品种与重金属限量值 Vegetable varieties and Limit values of heavy metals	镉 Cd	砷 As	铅 Pb	铬 Cr	汞 Hg
空心菜 Ipomoea aquatica Forsk	0.046±0.003	0.019±0.001	0.022±0.001	0.206±0.078	0.003±0.001
红苋菜 Amaranthus mangostanus L.	0.025±0.001	0.008±0.002	0.036±0.003	0.151±0.030	0.003±0.000
绿苋菜 Amaranthus mangostanus L.	0.015±0.001	0.011±0.001	0.036±0.003	0.151±0.03	0.004±0.001
番茄 Lycopersicon esculentum	0.015±0.002	0.013±0.002	0.082±0.018	0.147±0.006	0.002±0.001
黄瓜 Cucumis sativus L.	0.040±0.005	0.043±0.002	0.057±0.010	0.218±0.03	0.010±0.001
辣椒 Capsicum annuum L.	0.080±0.003	0.029±0.016	0.022±0.003	0.015±0.002	0.002±0.000
茄子 Solanum melongena L.	0.055±0.002	0.012±0.001	0.014±0.002	0.035±0.005	0.001±0.000
丝瓜 Luffa cylindrical	0.017±0.001	0.009±0.003	0.012±0.000	0.127±0.024	0.004±0.001
食品污染物限量——茄果类 Limit values of heavy metals——Solanaceae Vegetables	0.05	0.5	0.1	0.5	0.01
食品污染物限量——叶菜类 Limit values of heavy metals——Leafy Vegetables	0.2	0.5	0.3	0.5	0.01

蔬菜品种与重金属限量值 Vegetable varieties and Limit values of heavy metals	镉 Cd	砷 As	铅 Pb	铬 Cr	汞 Hg
空心菜 Ipomoea aquatica Forsk	0.046±0.003	0.019±0.001	0.022±0.001	0.206±0.078	0.003±0.001
红苋菜 Amaranthus mangostanus L.	0.025±0.001	0.008±0.002	0.036±0.003	0.151±0.030	0.003±0.000
绿苋菜 Amaranthus mangostanus L.	0.015±0.001	0.011±0.001	0.036±0.003	0.151±0.03	0.004±0.001
番茄 Lycopersicon esculentum	0.015±0.002	0.013±0.002	0.082±0.018	0.147±0.006	0.002±0.001
黄瓜 Cucumis sativus L.	0.040±0.005	0.043±0.002	0.057±0.010	0.218±0.03	0.010±0.001
辣椒 Capsicum annuum L.	0.080±0.003	0.029±0.016	0.022±0.003	0.015±0.002	0.002±0.000
茄子 Solanum melongena L.	0.055±0.002	0.012±0.001	0.014±0.002	0.035±0.005	0.001±0.000
丝瓜 Luffa cylindrical	0.017±0.001	0.009±0.003	0.012±0.000	0.127±0.024	0.004±0.001
食品污染物限量——茄果类 Limit values of heavy metals——Solanaceae Vegetables	0.05	0.5	0.1	0.5	0.01
食品污染物限量——叶菜类 Limit values of heavy metals——Leafy Vegetables	0.2	0.5	0.3	0.5	0.01

镉污染菜地叶面阻隔剂对不同品种辣椒镉积累影响

Effects of Foliar Barriers Agent on Cadmium Accumulation in Different Varieties of Pepper Planted in Cadmium Contaminated Vegetable Field

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