硫酸盐还原菌介导针铁矿表面硫的转化及镉固定脱毒效应

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.05.020

生态环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (5): 1069-1075.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.05.020

硫酸盐还原菌介导针铁矿表面硫的转化及镉固定脱毒效应

童辉¹(), 乔江涛¹, 周继梅¹^,², 雷琴凯³, 陈曼佳¹^,^*(), 刘承帅¹^,²

1.广东省科学院生态环境与土壤研究所/华南土壤污染控制与修复国家地方联合工程研究中心/广东省农业环境综合治理重点实验室,广东广州 510650
2.中国科学院地球化学研究所/环境地球化学国家重点实验室,贵州贵阳 550001
3.广东工业大学环境科学与工程学院,广东广州 510006

收稿日期:2021-03-17 出版日期:2021-05-18 发布日期:2021-08-06
通讯作者: * 陈曼佳（1985年生）,女,副研究员,博士。E-mail:mjchen@soil.gd.cn
作者简介:童辉（1986年生）,男,副研究员,博士,研究方向为土壤重金属污染修复。E-mail:495741451@qq.com
基金资助:
广东省自然科学基金项目(2021A1515011883);广东省科学院实施创新驱动发展能力建设专项(2020GDASYL-2020010500);广东省农业科技创新及推广项目(2021KJ112)

Coupled Transformation of Sulfur and Cadmium on Goethite Induced by Sulfate-reducing Bacterium

TONG Hui¹(), QIAO Jiangtao¹, ZHOU Jimei¹^,², LEI Qinkai³, CHEN Manjia¹^,^*(), LIU Chengshuai¹^,²

1. National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management/Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry/Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
3. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China

Received:2021-03-17 Online:2021-05-18 Published:2021-08-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤重金属镉（Cd）污染问题日益严重,已对农产品及人类健康造成严重威胁,研究Cd污染土壤修复技术具有重要环境意义。微生物修复技术,如硫酸盐还原菌（sulfate reducing bacteria,SRB）介导下重金属的固定技术,是土壤Cd污染控制修复的主要途径。而土壤中硫和铁均具有较高的地球化学活性,与重金属的脱毒转化密切相关。然而,目前关于铁物种、铁氧化物和SRB共存的情况下,重金属还原固定行为还缺乏深入的研究。文章通过构建“SRB-针铁矿-重金属”的交互反应体系,研究体系中硫的转化、铁还原、重金属镉的环境行为以及矿物物相变化,并对其作用机制进行初步探讨。结果表明,纯化学（针铁矿+FeCl₂+CdCl₂）培养条件下,体系并未发生明显的铁还原和硫酸盐还原过程,90%以上的重金属Cd以游离态形式存在;在SRB作用下（针铁矿+SRB）,体系中硫酸盐和针铁矿均被迅速还原,在反应30 d时,66.34%硫酸盐被还原,同时生成2.17 mmol∙L^-1 Fe(II);添加CdCl₂（针铁矿+CdCl₂+SRB）,抑制了硫酸盐还原和铁还原过程,反应30 d后,体系中62.21%硫酸盐被还原,约50.65%的游离态的Cd(II)可被吸附固定到矿物中。然而,外加FeCl₂可加速SRB对硫酸盐和针铁矿的还原,同时也可进一步促进游离态的Cd(II)固定脱毒,其去除率可达66.89%（针铁矿+FeCl₂+CdCl₂+SRB）。矿物形貌和结构的表征显示,在SRB介导硫酸盐还原过程中,矿物的物相仍以针铁矿为主,另有CdS固体生成。以上研究结果可为深入理解土壤中重金属的环境行为,研发高效的重金属脱毒技术提供科学依据。

关键词: 硫酸盐还原菌, 铁氧化物, 镉, 硫, 固定脱毒, 土壤修复

Abstract:

Soil heavy metal pollution has becoming serious and widespread, and poses a threat to agriculture and human health. Bioremediation for heavy metal by sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) has been proposed as an effective method to remove heavy metal in contaminated soils. Sulfur and iron are the important elements in soils with high activities, and play important roles in the detoxification of heavy metals. However, the biogeochemical mechanism of cadmium removal in the system with iron, iron oxide, and SRB is still not clear. In this study, the interaction of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), goethite and heavy metal were investigated, along with the behavior of sulfate reduction, iron reduction, cadmium transformation, and mineral transformation. The results showed that there was no significant sulfate and iron reduction, and cadmium transformation in the chemical control treatment, 90% cadmium in the system was activity as aqueous state. About 66.34% of sulfate was reduced and 2.17 mmol∙L^-1 Fe(II) was produced in the treatment with SRB and goethite. However, the reduction of iron and sulfate was inhibited by the addition of CdCl₂. Only 62.21% of sulfate was reduced and 50.65% of cadmium was incorporated in the goethite in the treatment with SRB, goethite and CdCl₂, after incubation 30 days. The addition of FeCl₂ could further enhance the reduction of iron and sulfate. The addition of FeCl₂ could enhance the rate of sulfate reduction by stimulating the activity of SRB, which could further enhance the removal of cadmium. The SEM, XRD and XPS results all indicated that the phase of mineral was still goethite during microbial sulfate reduction, and CdS was found in the mineral. These results are also helpful in understanding the behaviors of heavy metal in soil and providing scientific basis for controlling soil environmental quality.

Key words: sulfate-reducing bacterium, iron oxide, cadmium, sulfur, immobilization, soil remediation

中图分类号:

X172
X53

童辉, 乔江涛, 周继梅, 雷琴凯, 陈曼佳, 刘承帅. 硫酸盐还原菌介导针铁矿表面硫的转化及镉固定脱毒效应[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(5): 1069-1075.

TONG Hui, QIAO Jiangtao, ZHOU Jimei, LEI Qinkai, CHEN Manjia, LIU Chengshuai. Coupled Transformation of Sulfur and Cadmium on Goethite Induced by Sulfate-reducing Bacterium[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2021, 30(5): 1069-1075.

图/表 5

图1 不同反应体系中SO42-还原动力学

Fig. 1 The kinetic of SO42- reduction under different conditionsn=3. The same below

图2 不同反应体系中Fe(II)浓度变化

Fig. 2 The concentration of aqueous Fe(II) under different conditions

图3 硫酸盐还原过程中游离态、结构态和总Cd(II)浓度变化动力学

Fig. 3 The concentrations of (a) extracted, (b) solid, and (c) total Cd(II) during microbial sulfate reduction over 30 d

图4 反应前后固体矿物的形貌表征

Fig. 4 SEM image of solid sample before and after reactionn=1. The same below

图5 反应前后固体矿物XPS分析图谱

Fig. 5 XPS spectra solid sample before and after reaction 30 days

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硫酸盐还原菌介导针铁矿表面硫的转化及镉固定脱毒效应

Coupled Transformation of Sulfur and Cadmium on Goethite Induced by Sulfate-reducing Bacterium

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