雷州半岛土壤-水果作物系统重金属元素潜在生态风险评价及富集特征研究

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.05.021

生态环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (5): 1076-1083.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.05.021

雷州半岛土壤-水果作物系统重金属元素潜在生态风险评价及富集特征研究

汪碧玲¹(), 陈碧珊²^,^*(), 刘发耀², 苏薇薇², 柯柳聪², 黄欣欣²

1.广州大学地理科学与遥感学院,广东广州 510006
2.岭南师范学院地理科学学院,广东湛江 524048

收稿日期:2020-08-09 出版日期:2021-05-18 发布日期:2021-08-06
通讯作者: * 共同第一作者和通信作者：陈碧珊（1982年生）,女,副教授,博士,从事自然地理、土壤环境等研究。E-mail:chenbishan2008@126.com
作者简介:汪碧玲（1996年生）,女,硕士研究生,从事自然地理研究。E-mail:15218315148@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41606053);广东省自然科学基金项目(2016A030310364)

Potential Risk Assessment and Enrichment Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Soil Fruit Crop System of Leizhou Peninsula

WANG Biling¹(), CHEN Bishan²^,^*(), LIU Fayao², SU Weiwei², KE Liucong², HUANG Xinxin²

1. School of Geographical Sciences and Remote Sensing, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
2. School of Geographical Sciences, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China

Received:2020-08-09 Online:2021-05-18 Published:2021-08-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过测定雷州半岛土壤及水果作物As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn等8种重金属元素的含量,分析雷州半岛水果作物表层土壤重金属元素潜在生态风险,并探讨土壤-水果作物系统中重金属元素的富集特征。结果表明,（1）雷州半岛水果作物表层土壤重金属元素含量的平均值除Pb元素之外,其他均超过广东省土壤环境背景值,As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn元素分别为广东省土壤环境背景值的1.72、3.26、1.97、5.30、2.77、7.83、0.94和3.61倍,表明雷州半岛表层土壤重金属元素呈现一定程度的富集现象;从变异系数看,Ni元素的变异系数为115%,属于强变异性;其余7种元素的变异系数在10%—100%之间,具中等变异性,表明雷州半岛水果作物表层土壤重金属元素含量受人为活动影响较大。（2）雷州半岛水果作物表层土壤潜在生态风险平均值为267.16,总体上属于中等—强污染风险;其中,徐闻县、雷州市、麻章区为强污染风险,廉江市、霞山区、坡头区和吴川市为中等污染风险。（3）研究区水果重金属元素含量除了草莓外,其他水果的重金属含量均未超过国家食品污染物限量标准,总体上处于安全状态;但不同水果对同一种重金属元素的吸附能力存在差异,以草莓和番石榴对重金属元素的吸附能力最强,与农药化肥的施用有一定的关系。（4）研究区水果作物与土壤的重金属含量总体上为较弱正相关,富集系数平均值均<1,表明重金属元素在土壤-水果作物系统中迁移、转化和富集能力较低。

关键词: 水果作物, 土壤, 重金属, 富集特征, 雷州半岛

Abstract:

In this study, eight heavy metal elements (as, CD, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn) in soil and fruit crops of Leizhou Peninsula were determined to analyze the potential ecological risk of heavy metal elements in the surface soil of fruit crops in Leizhou Peninsula, and to explore the enrichment characteristics of heavy metal elements in soil fruit crop system. The results showed that, (1) Except for Pb, the average contents of heavy metal elements in the surface soil of fruit crops in Leizhou Peninsula exceeded the background values of soil environment in Guangdong Province. The contents of as, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn were 1.72, 3.26, 1.97, 5.30, 2.77, 7.83, 0.94 and 3.61 times of that in Guangdong Province, respectively The variation coefficient of Ni is 115%, which belongs to strong variability; the variation coefficient of the other seven elements is between 10% and 100%, with medium variability, indicating that the heavy metal content in the surface soil of fruit crops in Leizhou Peninsula is greatly affected by human activities. (2) The average potential ecological risk of surface soil of fruit crops in Leizhou Peninsula is 267.16, which belongs to medium strong pollution risk; Xuwen County, Leizhou City and Mazhang district are strong pollution risk, Lianjiang City, Xiashan District, Potou district and Wuchuan City are medium pollution risk. (3) In addition to strawberry, the heavy metal content of other fruits in the study area did not exceed the national food pollutant limit standard, which was generally in a safe state; however, there were differences in the adsorption capacity of the same heavy metal elements among different fruits, strawberry and guava had the strongest adsorption capacity for heavy metal elements, which was related to the application of pesticides and fertilizers. And (4) the results showed that the accumulation coefficient of heavy metals in soil was lower than that in the soil.

Background values

Key words: fruit crops, soil, heavy metals, enrichment characteristics, Leizhou Peninsula

中图分类号:

X53
X820.4

汪碧玲, 陈碧珊, 刘发耀, 苏薇薇, 柯柳聪, 黄欣欣. 雷州半岛土壤-水果作物系统重金属元素潜在生态风险评价及富集特征研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(5): 1076-1083.

WANG Biling, CHEN Bishan, LIU Fayao, SU Weiwei, KE Liucong, HUANG Xinxin. Potential Risk Assessment and Enrichment Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Soil Fruit Crop System of Leizhou Peninsula[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2021, 30(5): 1076-1083.

图/表 8

参考文献 29

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Element	As	Cr	Cd	Cu	Hg	Ni	Pb	Zn
Max	20.90	373.00	0.262	122.00	0.23	328	63.90	214.00
Minimum	4.48	6.42	0.005	3.00	0.022	0.80	8.30	9.00
Average value	9.30	117.93	0.067	42.40	0.083	86.00	22.00	75.85
Standard deviation	3.90	106.34	0.05	37.00	0.04	98.70	12.00	47.76
Background values	5.400	36.14	0.034	8.000	0.030	10.98	23.40	21.00
Standard value	40.00	200	0.300	100	2.40	100	120	250
Pollution index	1.72	3.26	1.97	5.30	2.77	7.83	0.94	3.61
Coefficient of Variation	0.42	0.90	0.75	0.87	0.48	1.15	0.55	0.63
Over-standard rate/%	0	25.50	0	9.09	0	36.36	0	0

Element	As	Cr	Cd	Cu	Hg	Ni	Pb	Zn
Max	20.90	373.00	0.262	122.00	0.23	328	63.90	214.00
Minimum	4.48	6.42	0.005	3.00	0.022	0.80	8.30	9.00
Average value	9.30	117.93	0.067	42.40	0.083	86.00	22.00	75.85
Standard deviation	3.90	106.34	0.05	37.00	0.04	98.70	12.00	47.76
Background values	5.400	36.14	0.034	8.000	0.030	10.98	23.40	21.00
Standard value	40.00	200	0.300	100	2.40	100	120	250
Pollution index	1.72	3.26	1.97	5.30	2.77	7.83	0.94	3.61
Coefficient of Variation	0.42	0.90	0.75	0.87	0.48	1.15	0.55	0.63
Over-standard rate/%	0	25.50	0	9.09	0	36.36	0	0

Element	Cd	Pb	As	Cr	Cu	Hg	Ni	Zn
Guava	0.019	0.839	0.258	2.165	4.02	0.002	1.40	11.4
Red orange	0.009	0.624	0.162	2.88	3.15	0.003	1.46	11.1
Strawberry	0.272	1.021	0.274	0.595	8.25	0.005	1.17	30.2
Pineapple	0.035	0.784	0.258	0.40	8.54	0.044	3.05	11.8
Banana	0.002	0.092	0.042	0.26	4.15	0.005	0.63	11.5
Mango	0.013	0.195	0.045	0.31	6.29	0.006	1.10	8.2
National Food Contaminants Limit Standard	0.05	1	No standard	No standard	No standard	No standard	No standard	No standard

Element	Cd	Pb	As	Cr	Cu	Hg	Ni	Zn
Guava	0.019	0.839	0.258	2.165	4.02	0.002	1.40	11.4
Red orange	0.009	0.624	0.162	2.88	3.15	0.003	1.46	11.1
Strawberry	0.272	1.021	0.274	0.595	8.25	0.005	1.17	30.2
Pineapple	0.035	0.784	0.258	0.40	8.54	0.044	3.05	11.8
Banana	0.002	0.092	0.042	0.26	4.15	0.005	0.63	11.5
Mango	0.013	0.195	0.045	0.31	6.29	0.006	1.10	8.2
National Food Contaminants Limit Standard	0.05	1	No standard	No standard	No standard	No standard	No standard	No standard

Correlation coefficient	As	Cr	Cd	Cu	Hg	Ni	Pb	Zn
R	0.112	-0.357	-0.019	0.561*	0.164	0.272	0.477	-0.312
P	0.702	0.210	0.950	0.037	0.576	0.346	0.085	0.278

雷州半岛土壤-水果作物系统重金属元素潜在生态风险评价及富集特征研究

Potential Risk Assessment and Enrichment Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Soil Fruit Crop System of Leizhou Peninsula

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Fruit name	Cd	Cu	Zn	Hg	Cr	Ni	Pb	As
Guava	0.057	0.027	0.057	0.161	0.235	0.026	0.297	0.022
Red orange	0.051	0.138	0.141	0.042	0.282	0.290	0.105	0.024
Strawberry	4.583	0.681	0.649	0.074	0.021	0.096	0.043	0.037
Pineapple	1.495	0.097	0.133	0.423	0.002	0.021	0.029	0.016
Banana	0.093	0.209	0.220	0.076	0.003	0.014	0.005	0.005
Mango	0.106	0.098	0.105	0.067	0.002	0.008	0.016	0.007
Average value	0.922	0.203	0.212	0.129	0.098	0.086	0.079	0.018

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