北部湾典型入海流域植被净初级生产力时空分布特征及其影响因素

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.05.006

生态环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (5): 938-948.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.05.006

北部湾典型入海流域植被净初级生产力时空分布特征及其影响因素

田义超¹^,²^,³(), 杨棠¹, 徐欣¹

1.北部湾大学资源与环境学院,广西钦州 535000
2.北部湾大学海洋地理信息资源开发利用重点实验室,广西钦州 535000
3.桂林理工大学/广西空间信息与测绘重点实验室,广西桂林 541004

收稿日期:2020-02-15 出版日期:2021-05-18 发布日期:2021-08-06
作者简介:田义超（1986年生）,男,副教授,博士,主要从事资源环境遥感及海岸带生态环境监测的相关研究。E-mail:tianyichao1314@yeah.net
基金资助:
广西自然科学基金联合资助培育项目(2018JJA150135);广西创新驱动发展专项(AA18118038);广西基地和人才项目(2019AC20088);北部湾大学高层次人才引进项目(2019KYQD28);广西壮族自治区北部湾大学2018年大学生创新创业训练项目(201811607086)

Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Net Primary Productivity of Vegetation in Typical Basin Entering the Sea in Beibu Gulf

TIAN Yichao¹^,²^,³(), YANG Tang¹, XU Xin¹

1. College of Resources and Environment, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China
2. Key Laboratory of Marine Geographic Information Resources Development and Utilization in the Beibu Gulf, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China
3. Guangxi Key Laboratory for Geospatial Informatics and Geomatics Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China

Received:2020-02-15 Online:2021-05-18 Published:2021-08-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

北部湾入海流域处于典型河口-近海岸相互作用地带,是中国南亚热带地区典型的独流入海河流,对该地区的植被净初级生产力（NPP）进行定量化研究,可为中国南亚热带地区典型独流入海流域碳循环研究及其生态恢复提供科学依据。以北部湾典型入海流域为研究对象,基于CASA模型并结合Theil-Sen趋势、Hurst指数、偏相关分析等数理统计方法,定量化分析了流域2000—2017年NPP的时空变化特征、未来趋势及其影响因素。结果表明,时间尺度上,流域多年月均NPP介于8.50—95.86 g∙m^-2（以C计,下同）之间,呈倒“V”型结构;年际变化上,多年NPP总体呈现波动上升趋势,增速为8.83 g∙m^-2∙a^-1,快于广西壮族自治区（增速为0.001 g∙m^-2∙a^-1）。空间尺度上,典型入海流域NPP呈明显地域分异规律,NPP高值区主要位于西南部的十万大山南麓,低值区散布钦江河道附近、南流江流域的上游以及下游的西南部地区。流域NPP总体上以改善为主,NPP增加区域是减少区域的3.05倍。流域NPP的Hurst指数范围介于0.20973—1之间,总体上以持续序列为主,预示研究区NPP未来处于持续增加趋势。影响因素上,气温是影响NPP的主导因素,NPP与多年平均气温存在正相关关系,与降水存在负相关关系。NPP在不同覆被类型、海拔和坡度梯度上均呈现出显著的地域分异规律以及时空差异性特征。该研究表明北部湾入海典型流域NPP呈逐年增加趋势,气温是流域NPP的主导因素。

关键词: 净初级生产力, CASA模型, Theil-Sen趋势, Hurst指数, 影响因素, 北部湾入海典型流域

Abstract:

Beibu Gulf into the sea basin is located in the typical estuarine coastal interaction zone. It is a typical single flow river into the sea in the south subtropical region of China. The quantitative study on the net primary productivity (NPP) of vegetation can provide scientific basis for carbon cycle research and ecological restoration of typical single flow into the sea basin in south subtropical region of China. Based on CASA model, combined with Theil-Sen trend, Hurst index, partial correlation analysis and other mathematical statistical methods, this paper quantitatively analyzed the spatial and temporal variation characteristics, future trend and influencing factors of NPP in the Beibu Gulf Basin from 2000 to 2017. The results showed that: regarding temporal variations, the annual average NPP of the basin ranged from 8.50 to 95.86 g∙m^-2·a^-1 (in terms of C, the same below), showing an inverted “V” structure. Regarding inter-annual variation, the annual NPP of vegetation showed a fluctuating upward trend, with the growth rate of 8.83 g∙m^-2∙a^-1, which was faster than that in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (the growth rate was 0.001 g∙m^-2∙a^-1). Regarding spatial distribution, the NPP of typical estuarine basins showed obvious regional differentiation. The high value areas of NPP were mainly located in the south foot of Shiwan Mountain in the southwest, and the low value areas were scattered in the vicinity of Qinjiang River, the upstream of Nanliujiang River Basin and the southwest of downstream. The NPP of vegetation in the basin wasmainly improved, and the NPP increase area was 3.05 times of the decrease area. The Hurst index of NPP ranged from 0.20973 to 1, which was mainly a continuous sequence, indicating that NPP in the study area would continue to increase in the future. In terms of influencing factors, temperature was the dominant factor affecting NPP. NPP had a positive correlation with annual average temperature and a negative correlation with precipitation. NPP showed significant hellish differentiation and spatiotemporal differences in different vegetation types, altitudes and slope gradients. The results show that NPP in the typical watershed of Beibu Gulf is increasing, and the temperature is the dominant factor of NPP in climate factors.

Key words: net primary productivity, CASA model, Theil-Sen trend, Hurst index, influencing factors, typical basin entering the sea in Beibu Gulf

中图分类号:

Q948
X17

田义超, 杨棠, 徐欣. 北部湾典型入海流域植被净初级生产力时空分布特征及其影响因素[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(5): 938-948.

TIAN Yichao, YANG Tang, XU Xin. Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Net Primary Productivity of Vegetation in Typical Basin Entering the Sea in Beibu Gulf[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2021, 30(5): 938-948.

图/表 14

图1 北部湾入海典型流域地理位置

Fig. 1 Geographical location map of typical basins entering the sea in Beibu Gulf

图2 北部湾入海典型流域年内NPP变化

Fig. 2 Annual variation of NPP in typical basin entering the sea in Beibu Gulf

图3 北部湾入海典型流域年内NPP月均值空间分布格局

Fig. 3 Temporal and spatial distribution pattern of monthly NPP average in typical basin entering the sea in Beibu Gulf

图4 2000—2017年北部湾入海典型流域NPP（a）时间变化特征和（b）NPP空间分布特征

Fig. 4 The temporal variation of NPP (a) and the spatial distribution of NPP (b) in typical basins entering the sea of Beibu Gulf from 2000 to 2017

表1 2000—2017年北部湾入海典型流域NPP趋势变化统计

Table 1 Statistics of NPP trend changes in typical basins entering the sea of Beibu Gulf from 2000 to 2017

植被变化趋势 Vegetation change trend	NPP变化趋势 NPP change trend		面积 Area/km²	百分比 Proportion/%
植被变化趋势 Vegetation change trend	Sen趋势 Sen trend	P值 P value	面积 Area/km²	百分比 Proportion/%
明显改善 Significant improvement	>0	P<0.01	6225.88	0.33
中度改善 Moderate improvement	>0	0.01≤P<0.05	2195.31	0.12
轻微改善 Slight improvement	>0	P≥0.05	5667.00	0.31
轻微减少 Slightly decrease	<0	P≥0.05	3042.25	0.16
中度减少 Moderate decrease	<0	0.01≤P<0.05	612.88	0.03
严重减少 Seriously decrease	<0	P<0.01	970.31	0.05

图5 北部湾入海典型流域Sen趋势空间变化

Fig. 5 Spatial variation of Sen trend in typical basin entering the sea in Beibu Gulf

图6 Hurst指数正态分布

Fig. 6 Normal distribution diagram of Hurst index

图7 Hurst指数空间分级

Fig. 7 Spatial classification of Hurst index

图8 研究区多年气温（t）和降水（R）变化特征

Fig. 8 Variation trend and spatial distribution of mean value of multi-year temperature (t) and precipitation (P) in research area

图9 研究区多年气温和降水变化均值空间分布特征

Fig. 9 Variation trend and spatial distribution of mean value of multi-year temperature and precipitation in research area

图10 研究区NPP与气温和降水的偏相关系数

Fig. 10 Partial correlation coefficient between NPP and temperature and precipitation in the study area

表2 北部湾入海典型流域不同覆被类型的NPP平均值

Table 2 Average NPP of different covering types in typical basins entering the sea of Beibu Gulf g·m-2·a-1

土地利用 land use	年份 Year				平均值 Average
土地利用 land use	2000	2005	2010	2015	平均值 Average
耕地 Arable land	383.16	428.70	451.52	468.61	433.00
灌木 Bushwood	605.96	669.00	721.35	798.66	698.74
林地 Woodland	651.18	732.47	759.20	846.37	747.31
草地 Grassland	345.15	389.14	385.58	338.38	364.56
湿地 Wetland	289.36	269.49	290.12	309.15	289.53
其他用地 Other land	256.50	273.68	211.55	187.14	232.22

表3 北部湾入海典型流域NPP海拔梯度差异

Table.3 Altitude gradient difference of NPP in typical basins entering the sea in Beibu Gulf g∙m-2∙a-1

海拔类别 Gradient classfication	年份 Year				平均值 Average
海拔类别 Gradient classfication	2000	2005	2010	2015	平均值 Average
第一梯度 First gradient (<250 m)	441.23	495.07	529.13	566.05	500.62
第二梯度 Second gradient (250‒500 m)	799.81	863.38	870.13	971.28	853.54
第三梯度 Third gradient (500‒800 m)	828.25	884.71	883.75	974.88	865.89
第四梯度 Fourth gradient (>800 m)	768.98	848.74	750.80	890.09	776.52

表4 北部湾入海典型流域坡度梯度差异

Table 4 Gradient difference of slope in typical Basins entering the sea in Beibu Gulf

坡度分类 Slope classification	坡度 Slope/ (°)	NPP_ave/ (g∙m^-2∙a^-1)	面积 Area/ km²	比例 Proportion/%
缓倾斜坡 Gentle slope	<5	454.95	13449.44	71.87
中等斜坡 Medium slope	5‒8	684.08	1868.75	9.98
斜坡 Slope	8‒15	789.30	2288.38	12.23
陡坡 Steep slope	15‒25	887.06	914.69	4.89
急坡 Sharp slope	25‒35	905.10	187.50	1.00
急陡坡 Sharp steep slope	>35	842.96	4.88	0.03

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北部湾典型入海流域植被净初级生产力时空分布特征及其影响因素

Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Net Primary Productivity of Vegetation in Typical Basin Entering the Sea in Beibu Gulf

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