Biochar Combined with Phosphorus Promote Silicon Fraction Transformation and Si Absorption of Soybean Plant in Latosolic Red Soil

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2025.05.005

Ecology and Environmental Sciences ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (5): 710-719.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2025.05.005

• Research Article【Ecology】 • Previous Articles Next Articles

Biochar Combined with Phosphorus Promote Silicon Fraction Transformation and Si Absorption of Soybean Plant in Latosolic Red Soil

LIN Yongyi¹^,²(), ZHOU Yanfei¹^,², DENG Jinhuan¹^,², TIAN Jihui¹^,², CAI Kunzheng¹^,²^,^*()

1. College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
2. Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Environment in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China

Received:2024-09-29 Online:2025-05-18 Published:2025-05-16

生物炭与磷添加促进赤红壤的硅形态转化和大豆植株硅吸收转运

林泳怡¹^,²(), 周燕飞¹^,², 邓金环¹^,², 田纪辉¹^,², 蔡昆争¹^,²^,^*()

1.华南农业大学资源环境学院，广东广州 510642
2.华南农业大学/农业农村部华南热带农业环境重点实验室，广东广州 510642

通讯作者: *蔡昆争。E-mail: kzcai@scau.edu.cn
作者简介:林泳怡（2000年生），女，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为农业生态与作物逆境研究。E-mail: 2499723637@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41807084);广东省自然科学基金项目(2018A030310214)

Abstract

Abstract:

Biochar, which is rich in carbon (C) and silicon (Si), is an ideal soil conditioner, particularly in acidic soils. There is an interaction between silicon and phosphorus in the soil, both of which play important roles in crop growth. However, further studies are needed to explore the mechanisms of biochar and phosphorous application on the transformation of soil Si forms and the absorption and transport of Si in plants. Four treatments were established through pot experiment, including control, phosphorus, biochar, phosphorus, and biochar, to investigate the effects of rice straw biochar and phosphorus application on soil acidification mitigation in lateritic red soil, focusing on soil Si fractions and transformation, Si absorption, and transfer of soybean plants. The results showed that biochar application significantly reduced soil exchangeable acid, increased soil pH (1.43‒2.16 unit) and exchangeable base ions K⁺, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺, and increased the content of available phosphorus, total carbon, and total nitrogen in the soil, whereas single P or P combined with biochar treatment did not influence these indices. Regardless of phosphorus addition, biochar supply significantly increased organic bonded Si, iron and manganese oxide Si, amorphous Si, and available Si in the soil, while reducing the proportion of amorphous Si, facilitating fraction transformation of soil Si into available Si, and soil available Si was increased by 7.78‒11.6 times. Biochar treatment significantly increased Si concentrations in soybean plants by 58.8%, 50.4%, and 149% in stems, leaves, and grains, respectively, but significantly downregulated the expression of the Si transporter gene GmNIP2-2 in roots, whereas P alone or in combination with biochar did not influence these indicators. Biochar application significantly increased soybean height (8.95%‒23.0%) but reduced plant biomass and production. In conclusion, rice straw biochar addition plays an important role in alleviating soil acidification, promoting Si chemical fraction transformation in soil, and increasing soil Si availability and plant Si absorption, indicating its great potential to improve acidic soil. However, the yield effect on soybeans is still unstable, and phosphorus application does not demonstrate mitigation effects in acidic soil.

Key words: acid soil, biochar, phosphorous, soybean, silicon availability, silicon fraction

摘要：

生物炭富含碳和硅，偏碱性，是酸性土壤改良的理想调理剂。土壤中硅、磷两种元素存在交互作用，在作物生长中均具有重要作用。然而，生物炭与磷对土壤硅形态转化以及作物植株硅的吸收转运机制有待进一步研究。通过盆栽试验，设置对照、单施磷、单施生物炭、磷和生物炭4个处理，探究生物炭和磷处理对赤红壤的改良效果，重点研究其对土壤硅形态及转化、有效性及大豆植株硅转运的影响。结果表明，生物炭施用显著降低土壤交换性酸，提升土壤pH（1.43－2.16个单位），提高土壤交换性盐基离子K⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺含量和土壤有效磷、总碳和总氮含量，而磷单独施用或者与硅的交互作用不明显。生物炭施用大幅度提高土壤有机结合态硅、铁锰氧化态硅、无定形硅及有效态硅的含量，减少无定形硅所占比例，增加土壤硅的有效性，其中有效硅含量提高7.78－11.6。生物炭处理还显著促进大豆植株对硅素养分的吸收，增加大豆茎、叶、籽粒的硅含量分别为58.8%，50.4%和149%，但显著下调大豆根部硅转运蛋白基因GmNIP2-2的表达，而磷处理无论是单独还是与生物炭协同处理则均对植株的硅吸收没有明显影响。生物炭施用能提高大豆植株的高度（8.95%－23.0%），但降低植株的干质量和产量。综上所述，生物炭对缓解土壤酸化、促进土壤硅的形态转化和植株硅吸收起重要的作用，对大豆的增产效应尚不稳定，显示其改良酸性土壤的较大潜力，而磷没有明显影响。

关键词: 酸性土壤, 生物炭, 磷, 大豆, 硅的有效性, 硅形态

CLC Number:

LIN Yongyi, ZHOU Yanfei, DENG Jinhuan, TIAN Jihui, CAI Kunzheng. Biochar Combined with Phosphorus Promote Silicon Fraction Transformation and Si Absorption of Soybean Plant in Latosolic Red Soil[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2025, 34(5): 710-719.

林泳怡, 周燕飞, 邓金环, 田纪辉, 蔡昆争. 生物炭与磷添加促进赤红壤的硅形态转化和大豆植株硅吸收转运[J]. 生态环境学报, 2025, 34(5): 710-719.

Figures/Tables 9

Table 1 Application rate of biochar and fertilizer g·pot?1

施肥	CK	P	B	BP
生物炭	0	0	100	100
KH₂PO₄	0	0.144	0	0.144
K₂SO₄	0.323	0.231	0.323	0.231
尿素	0.272	0.272	0.272	0.272

Figure 1 Impacts of biochar and phosphorus on soil pH, exchangeable acid content and CEC

Figure 2 Impacts of biochar and phosphorus on soil exchangeable base cations and base saturation

Table 2 Impacts of biochar and phosphorus on soil total carbon and total nitrogen

生育期	处理	w_(有效磷)/(mg·kg⁻¹)	w_(总碳)/(g·kg⁻¹)	w_(总氮)/(g·kg⁻¹)
花期	CK	5.7±0.6b	9.7±0.2b	1.2±0.0b
	P	10.1±0.9b	10.0±0.2b	1.2±0.0b
	B	99.4±25.2a	66.9±2.1a	2.7±0.1a
	BP	113.6±6.0a	65.3±1.7a	2.7±0.1a
成熟期	CK	5.9±0.7b	9.8±0.2b	1.1±0.0b
	P	7.9±1.2b	10.1±0.1b	1.2±0.0b
	B	92.9±3.8a	62.0±0.7a	2.4±0.1a
	BP	74.2±25.1a	60.5±1.6a	2.6±0.1a

Figure 3 Impacts of biochar and phosphorus on silicon fractions in soil

Figure 4 Impacts of biochar and phosphorus on silicon concentration in different organs of soybean plants

Figure 5 Impacts of biochar and phosphorus on the expression of silicon transporter genes in soybean root tips

Figure 6 Redundancy analysis of soil silicon morphology and soybean silicon content and soybean silicon absorption and transport

Figure 7 Impacts of biochar and phosphorus on soybean growth

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Biochar Combined with Phosphorus Promote Silicon Fraction Transformation and Si Absorption of Soybean Plant in Latosolic Red Soil

生物炭与磷添加促进赤红壤的硅形态转化和大豆植株硅吸收转运

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