Abstract:

Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) are a novel class of environmental pollutants with unique structures. As synthetic persistent organic compounds, they have been widely utilized in fire protection, industry, and other fields, garnering global attention due to their persistence and toxic effects on the environment. PFASs exhibit resistance to natural degradation in the environment, and have certain hydrophilicity, thereby rendering river water a significant source and sink of PFASs, posing a threat to the water environment. In recent years, domestic and foreign scholars have studied and proposed a variety of remediation technologies to effectively mitigate the harmful impacts of PFASs on the environment and human health. The article provided a concise overview of the sources of PFASs. Fluorine chemical enterprises have been one of the important sources of PFASs in environmental media. The pollution status of PFASs in river water was analyzed. Both point and non-point sources contribute to the contamination. However, it is crucial to also address non-point source pollution, particularly the presence of colloid-loaded PFASs, which necessitates prompt resolution. The sources and pathways of PFASs migration in river water have been clarified, with industrial parks identified as the main sources of PFASs. The article further summarized physical and chemical remediation technologies employed in water environment (i.e., adsorption technology, filtration technology, chemical oxidation technology, photochemical oxidation technology, electrochemical oxidation technology, and sonochemical technology), compared and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of different remediation technologies, and proposed future development directions. The remediation effects and mechanisms of in-situ remediation technology (e.g., riparian filtration system, phytoremediation technology, constructed wetland, and ecological buffer zone) for non-point source PFASs in the water environment were explored. Building upon these findings, a combined remediation approach incorporating biochar and ecological buffer zones was proposed to control non-point source pollution of PFASs in the water environment, and its potential was prospectively evaluated. The purpose of this article was to provide effective support and recommendations for the remediation technologies of PFASs in river water.

Key words: perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), river water, point source pollution, nonpoint source pollution, phytoremediation, ecological buffer zone

摘要：

全氟化合物（PFASs）是一类具有特殊结构的新型环境污染物，作为一种人工合成的持久性有机化合物，已被广泛应用于消防、工业等多领域，因其对环境的持久性和生物毒性而受到全球关注。PFASs在自然环境中不易降解，且具有一定的亲水性，导致河流水体成为了PFASs的重要的源和汇，对水环境造成了一定的危害。近年来，国内外学者研究并提出了多种有效去除PFASs的修复技术，以减轻其对环境和人体的有害影响。该文简述了PFASs的来源，氟化工企业是环境介质中PFASs的重要来源之一。分析了PFASs在河流水体中的污染现状，河流水体中PFASs的主要来源为点源和非点源，然而非点源污染，尤其是胶体载带PFASs的污染也应加以关注并亟待解决。阐明了河流水体中PFASs的来源与迁移途径，其中工业园区是PFASs的主要来源。该文还总结了水环境中PFASs的物理化学修复技术（吸附技术、过滤技术、化学氧化技术、光化学氧化技术，电化学氧化技术和声化学技术），并对比分析了不同修复技术作用效果的优缺点及未来的发展方向。重点探究了水环境中PFASs非点源的原位修复技术（河岸过滤系统、植物修复技术、人工湿地和生态缓冲带）的修复效果及作用机制。在此基础上，提出了生物炭与生态缓冲带联合修复技术，阻控水环境中PFASs非点源污染，并对其技术的潜力进行了展望。该文旨在为河流水体中PFASs的修复技术提供有效的支持和建议。

关键词: 全氟化合物, 河流水体, 点源污染, 非点源污染, 植物修复技术, 生态缓冲带