Enhancing Arsenic and Cadmium Accumulation in Pteris vittata and Solanum nigrum by Combined Application of Indoleacetic Acid and Kinetin: A Field Experiment

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.06.022

Ecology and Environment ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (6): 1299-1309.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.06.022

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Enhancing Arsenic and Cadmium Accumulation in Pteris vittata and Solanum nigrum by Combined Application of Indoleacetic Acid and Kinetin: A Field Experiment

CONG Chao(), YANG Ningke, WANG Haijuan, WANG Hongbin^*()

Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology/Yunnan Key Lab of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Kunming 650500, China

Received:2020-12-17 Online:2021-06-18 Published:2021-09-10
Contact: WANG Hongbin

吲哚乙酸和激动素配合施用提高蜈蚣草和龙葵对砷、镉富集的田间试验

丛超(), 杨宁柯, 王海娟, 王宏镔^*()

昆明理工大学环境科学与工程学院/云南省土壤固碳与污染控制重点实验室,云南昆明 650500

通讯作者: 王宏镔
作者简介:丛超（1994年生）,男,硕士,研究方向为污染土壤的生物修复。E-mail: 1013344180@qq.com
基金资助:
云南省重点研发计划项目(2018BC004-2)

Abstract

Abstract:

Phytohormones can break the seed dormancy, and accelerate germination and growth of heavy metal hyperaccumulators, resulting in the increased efficiency of metal accumulation. Many studies have proved the promoting effects of the man-made plant growth regulators (PGRs) on the growth of hyperaccumulators and soil remediation efficiency by pot experiment. However, these obtained results probably are not available for the real field. Therefore, the optimal ratio (25 mg∙L^-1?20 mg∙L^-1) of indoleacetic acid (IAA) and kinetin (KT) for promoting arsenic (As) phytoextraction efficiency by an As hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata L. in our previous laboratory pot trial was used in 45 plots in farmland located at Datun Town, Gejiu City, Yunnan Province. The effect and mechanism of the application of indole acetic acid (IAA) and kinetin (KT) on As and cadmium (Cd) accumulation in P. vittata and a Cd hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum L. were studied by two times of PGRs application. The results showed that the combined application of IAA and KT could promote the rapid growth of two hyperaccumulators. For the soil containing 3.12 mg∙kg^-1 Cd and 98.7 mg∙kg^-1 As, the height, fresh matter, Cd/As concentration in aboveground and underground parts, as well as Cd/As translocation and bioconcentration factors, significantly increased compared with the control. The Cd and As extraction efficiency by P. vittata and S. nigrum was the highest, up to 7.52% and 6.06%, respectively. After the second PGRs application, the peroxidase activity of S. nigrum and P. vittata significantly increased by KT or two PGRs combination under the intercropping conditions. The stepwise analysis showed a positive relationship between the Cd extraction efficiency by S. nigrum as well as the As extraction efficiency by P. vittata and the leaf POD activity. Therefore, a higher POD activity contributed to the Cd and As phytoextraction by two plants.

Key words: Pteris vittata L., Solanum nigrum L., arsenic, cadmium, indole acetic acid, kinetin, phytoremediation

摘要：

植物激素可打破重金属超富集植物的种子休眠、促进发芽和快速生长,从而提高其富集重金属的效率。虽然人工合成的植物生长调节剂在促进超富集植物生长和提高重金属富集方面已取得很多成果,但大多是盆栽试验,大田试验甚少。文章在课题组前期室内盆栽试验筛选出的吲哚乙酸（IAA）和激动素（KT）提高砷（As）超富集植物蜈蚣草（Pteris vittata L.）砷提取效率的最佳配比（IAA?KT=25 mg∙L^-1?20 mg∙L^-1）基础上,在云南省个旧市大屯镇重金属污染农田分45个小区、喷施2次激素开展IAA和KT配合施用对As超富集植物蜈蚣草和镉（Cd）超富集植物龙葵（Solanum nigrum L.）超富集As和Cd的影响和机理研究。结果表明,大田条件下IAA和KT配合施用能够促进2种超富集植物快速生长,在含Cd为3.12 mg∙kg^-1、含砷As 98.7 mg∙kg^-1的农田土壤上,与未施用植物激素的对照相比,25 mg∙L^-1 IAA和20 mg∙L^-1 KT配合施用后,龙葵和蜈蚣草的株高、鲜物质量、地上部和地下部Cd/As含量、Cd/As转运系数和富集系数均显著增加,且龙葵对Cd、蜈蚣草对As的提取效率最高可分别达7.52%和6.06%。第2次喷施激素后,单加KT和激素配合施用条件下,龙葵和蜈蚣草间作时两种植物叶片过氧化物酶（POD）活性均显著增加。逐步回归分析结果表明,龙葵对As、蜈蚣草对Cd的提取效率均与叶片POD活性成显著正相关。因此,叶片保持较高的POD活性对两种超富集植物对Cd和As的提取具有重要意义。

关键词: 蜈蚣草, 龙葵, 砷（As）, 镉（Cd）, 吲哚乙酸, 激动素, 植物修复

CLC Number:

CONG Chao, YANG Ningke, WANG Haijuan, WANG Hongbin. Enhancing Arsenic and Cadmium Accumulation in Pteris vittata and Solanum nigrum by Combined Application of Indoleacetic Acid and Kinetin: A Field Experiment[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2021, 30(6): 1299-1309.

丛超, 杨宁柯, 王海娟, 王宏镔. 吲哚乙酸和激动素配合施用提高蜈蚣草和龙葵对砷、镉富集的田间试验[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(6): 1299-1309.

Figures/Tables 11

References 29

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项目 Items	pH值 pH value	ω_{(Total N)}/ (g∙kg^-1)	ω_{(Total P)}/ (g∙kg^-1)	ω_{(Total K)}/ (g∙kg^-1)	重金属含量 Heavy metal concentrations/(mg·kg^-1)
项目 Items	pH值 pH value	ω_{(Total N)}/ (g∙kg^-1)	ω_{(Total P)}/ (g∙kg^-1)	ω_{(Total K)}/ (g∙kg^-1)	总Cd Total cadmium	总As Total arsenic	总Pb Total lead	有效Cd Bioavailable cadmium	有效As Bioavailable arsenic	有效Pb Bioavailable lead
最小值 Minimum	5.68	0.43	0.86	14.5	2.76	79.8	298.5	0.76	2.8	153.4
最大值 Maximum	6.21	0.51	0.89	14.9	3.59	118.9	390.7	1.31	6.1	185.6
平均值 Average	5.87	0.47	0.88	14.5	3.12	98.7	342.7	1.03	4.02	167.7
标准差 Standard deviation	0.14	0.04	0.06	0.9	0.25	5.8	18.6	0.17	0.94	13.1
《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准》（GB 15618—2018）,5.5<pH≤6.5 Soil environmental quality: Risk control standard for soil contamination of agricultural land (GB 15618—2018), 5.5<pH≤6.5				筛选值 Screening values	0.3	40	90
				管制值 Intervention values	2.0	150	500

项目 Items	pH值 pH value	ω_{(Total N)}/ (g∙kg^-1)	ω_{(Total P)}/ (g∙kg^-1)	ω_{(Total K)}/ (g∙kg^-1)	重金属含量 Heavy metal concentrations/(mg·kg^-1)
项目 Items	pH值 pH value	ω_{(Total N)}/ (g∙kg^-1)	ω_{(Total P)}/ (g∙kg^-1)	ω_{(Total K)}/ (g∙kg^-1)	总Cd Total cadmium	总As Total arsenic	总Pb Total lead	有效Cd Bioavailable cadmium	有效As Bioavailable arsenic	有效Pb Bioavailable lead
最小值 Minimum	5.68	0.43	0.86	14.5	2.76	79.8	298.5	0.76	2.8	153.4
最大值 Maximum	6.21	0.51	0.89	14.9	3.59	118.9	390.7	1.31	6.1	185.6
平均值 Average	5.87	0.47	0.88	14.5	3.12	98.7	342.7	1.03	4.02	167.7
标准差 Standard deviation	0.14	0.04	0.06	0.9	0.25	5.8	18.6	0.17	0.94	13.1
《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准》（GB 15618—2018）,5.5<pH≤6.5 Soil environmental quality: Risk control standard for soil contamination of agricultural land (GB 15618—2018), 5.5<pH≤6.5				筛选值 Screening values	0.3	40	90
				管制值 Intervention values	2.0	150	500

处理 Treatments	第1次喷施激素 The first PGRs spraying		第2次喷施激素 The second PGRs spraying
处理 Treatments	富集系数 Bioconcentration factor	转运系数 Translocation factor	富集系数 Bioconcentration factor	转运系数 Translocation factor
对照组 Control	2.22±0.29c	0.69±0.08c	2.73±0.06c	0.93±0.09abc
+IAA单作 Monoculture with IAA alone	2.82±0.22bc	1.2±0.15ab	4.58±0.15bc	1.42±0.12a
+KT单作 Monoculture with KT alone	3.06±0.35b	1.41±0.14a	4.84±0.28bc	1.02±0.26b
激素配合施用单作 Monoculture with combined PGRs	2.98±0.27bc	1.06±0.25b	5.4±0.34bc	1.01±0.08abc
+IAA间作 Intercropping with IAA alone	4.15±0.27ab	1.58±0.16a	6.46±0.18b	1.3±0.14ab
+KT间作 Intercropping with KT alone	3.64±0.34b	1.45±005a	6.34±0.44b	1.07±0.16b
激素配合施用间作 Intercropping with combined PGRs	4.51±0.13a	1.3±0.14ab	10.72±0.32a	1.03±0.11b

处理 Treatments	第1次喷施激素 The first PGRs spraying		第2次喷施激素 The second PGRs spraying
处理 Treatments	富集系数 Bioconcentration factor	转运系数 Translocation factor	富集系数 Bioconcentration factor	转运系数 Translocation factor
对照组 Control	2.22±0.29c	0.69±0.08c	2.73±0.06c	0.93±0.09abc
+IAA单作 Monoculture with IAA alone	2.82±0.22bc	1.2±0.15ab	4.58±0.15bc	1.42±0.12a
+KT单作 Monoculture with KT alone	3.06±0.35b	1.41±0.14a	4.84±0.28bc	1.02±0.26b
激素配合施用单作 Monoculture with combined PGRs	2.98±0.27bc	1.06±0.25b	5.4±0.34bc	1.01±0.08abc
+IAA间作 Intercropping with IAA alone	4.15±0.27ab	1.58±0.16a	6.46±0.18b	1.3±0.14ab
+KT间作 Intercropping with KT alone	3.64±0.34b	1.45±005a	6.34±0.44b	1.07±0.16b
激素配合施用间作 Intercropping with combined PGRs	4.51±0.13a	1.3±0.14ab	10.72±0.32a	1.03±0.11b

处理 Treatments	第1次喷施激素 The first PGRs spraying		第2次喷施激素 The second PGRs spraying
处理 Treatments	富集系数 Bioconcentration factor	转运系数 Translocation factor	富集系数 Bioconcentration factor	转运系数 Translocation factor
对照组 Control	4.19±0.24c	1.25±0.21b	8.32±0.16c	1.27±0.07bc
+IAA单作 Monoculture with IAA alone	4.93±0.19abc	1.22±0.13b	10.82±0.11bc	1.34±0.15b
+KT单作 Monoculture with KT alone	5.37±0.15b	1.25±0.15b	11.47±0.34bc	1.37±0.22b
激素配合施用单作 Monoculture with combined PGRs	6.94±0.17ab	1.28±0.16b	13.33±0.29b	1.45±0.17b
+IAA间作 Intercropping with IAA alone	5.52±0.29b	1.33±0.08ab	10.74±0.31bc	1.49±0.09ab
+KT间作 Intercropping with KT alone	6.28±0.24ab	1.38±0.11a	12.8±0.24b	1.52±0.23ab
激素配合施用间作 Intercropping with combined PGRs	7.50±0.17a	1.45±0.18a	20.53±0.22a	1.75±0.19a

Enhancing Arsenic and Cadmium Accumulation in Pteris vittata and Solanum nigrum by Combined Application of Indoleacetic Acid and Kinetin: A Field Experiment

吲哚乙酸和激动素配合施用提高蜈蚣草和龙葵对砷、镉富集的田间试验

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试验处理 Treatments	种植方式 Planting pattern	砷 Arsenic	铅 Lead	镉 Cadmium
对照 Control	龙葵 S. nigrum	0.08±0.03b	0.09±0.02b	5.1±0.25c
+IAA	龙葵单作 Monoculture of S. nigrum	0.11±0.02ab	0.12±0.01ab	5.92±0.31abc
+IAA	龙葵与蜈蚣草间作 Intercropping of S. nigrum and P. vittata	0.12±0.01ab	0.11±0.02ab	5.86±0.28b
+KT	龙葵单作 Monoculture of S. nigrum	0.12±0.01ab	0.12±0.03ab	6.14±0.35b
+KT	龙葵与蜈蚣草间作 Intercropping of S. nigrum and P. vittata	0.13±0.02ab	0.13±0.05ab	6.32±0.41b
+IAA/KT	龙葵单作 Monoculture of S. nigrum	0.16±0.03a	0.14±0.02a	7.14±0.26ab
+IAA/KT	龙葵与蜈蚣草间作 S. nigrum Intercropping of S. nigrum and P. vittata	0.17±0.03a	0.16±0.02a	7.52±0.42a
对照 Control	蜈蚣草 P. vittata	3.47±0.25c	0.14±0.02b	0.17±0.02b
+IAA	蜈蚣草单作 Monoculture of P. vittata	3.86±0.17c	0.18±0.06b	0.23±0.08b
+IAA	蜈蚣草与龙葵间作P. vittata Intercropping of P. vittata and S. nigrum	4.02±0.25abc	0.19±0.03ab	0.24±0.06b
+KT	蜈蚣草单作 Monoculture of P. vittata	4.05±0.22abc	0.17±0.04b	0.24±0.05b
+KT	蜈蚣草与龙葵间作 Intercropping of P. vittata and S. nigrum	4.13±0.18abc	0.21±0.02ab	0.26±0.04ab
+IAA/KT	蜈蚣草单作 Monoculture of P. vittata	5.61±0.16b	0.22±0.03a	0.27±0.10ab
+IAA/KT	蜈蚣草与龙葵间作 Intercropping of P. vittata and S. nigrum	6.06±0.19a	0.25±0.05a	0.29±0.09a

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[2]	YANG Yu, DENG Renjian, LONG Pei, HUANG Zhongjie, Ren Bozhi, WANG Zhenghua. Isolation and Identification of Arsenic-oxidizing Bacterium Pseudomonas sp. AO-1 and Its Oxidation Properties for As(Ⅲ) [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(3): 619-626.
[3]	YANG Yaodong, CHEN Yumei, TU Pengfei, ZENG Qingru. Phytoremediation Potential of Economic Crop Rotation Patterns for Cadmium-polluted Farmland [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(3): 627-634.
[4]	LIU Kanghan, ZHENG Liugen, ZHANG Liqun, DING Dan, SHAN Shifeng. Effect of Complex Plant Derived Activator on the Remediation of As Contaminated Soil by Pteris vittata [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(3): 635-642.
[5]	YIN Haojun, LONG Mingliang, LIU Wei, NI Chunlin, LI Fangbai, WU Yundang. Dissolved Oxygen Concentration Regulates Arsenic Reduction in Aeromonas hydrophila: Effects and Mechanisms [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(2): 381-387.
[6]	XU Min, XU Chao, YU Guanghui, YIN Lichu, ZHANG Quan, ZHU Hanhua, ZHU Qihong, ZHANG Yangzhu, HUANG Daoyou. Effects of Groundwater Level and Long-term Straw Return on Soil Cadmium Availability and Cadmium Concentration in Rice [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(1): 150-157.
[7]	CUI Yuanyuan, ZHANG Zhengyun, LIU Peng, ZHANG Yunchun, ZHANG Qiaoying. Morphological Characteristics and Fractal Dimension of Brassia chinensis Root System under Cadmium and Polyethylene Microplastic Stress [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(1): 158-165.
[8]	LI Xiaohui, AI Xianbin, LI Liang, WANG Xiyang, XIN Zaijun, SUN Xiaoyan. Study on Passivation Effects of New Modified Rice Husk Biochar Materials on Cadmium Contaminated Soil [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(9): 1901-1908.
[9]	LI Xiuhua, ZHAO Ling, TENG Ying, LUO Yongming, HUANG Biao, LIU Chong, LIU Benle, ZHAO Qiguo. Characteristics, Spatial Distribution and Risk Assessment of Combined Mercury and Cadmium Pollution in Farmland Soils Surrounding Mercury Mining Areas in Guizhou [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(8): 1629-1636.
[10]	FANG Xianbao, ZHANG Zhijun, LAI Yangqing, YE Mai, DIAO Zenghui. Remediation of Heavy Metals Cr and Cd in Soil by A Novel Sludge-derived Biochar [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(8): 1647-1656.
[11]	GAO Peng, GAO Pin, SUN Weimin, KONG Tianle, HUANG Duanyi, LIU Huaqing, SUN Xiaoxun. Response of the Endosphere and Rhizosphere Microbial Community in Petris vittata L. to Arsenic Stress [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(6): 1225-1234.
[12]	XU Meihua, GU Minghua, WANG Chengzhen, LEI Jing, WEI Yanyan, SHEN Fangke. Effect of Manganese on Arsenic Speciation in Soil and Arsenic Migration to Rice [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(4): 802-813.
[13]	ZHAO Chaofan, ZHOU Dandan, SUN Jiancai, QIAN Kunpeng, LI Fangfang. The Effect of Soluble Components on the Adsorption of Cadmium on Biochar [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(4): 814-823.
[14]	WEN Dian, ZHAO Peihua, CHEN Chuguo, LI Furong, DU Ruiying, HUANG Yongdong, LI Lei, WANG Fuhua. Study on Safety Threshold of Soil Cadmium in the Vegetable Producing Areas of the Pearl River Delta [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(3): 603-609.
[15]	SHI Hanzhi, JIANG Qi, LIU Fan, WEN Dian, HUANG Yongdong, DENG Tenghaobo, WANG Xu, XU Aiping, LI Furong, WU Zhichao, LI Meixia, PENG Jinfen, DU Ruiying. Effects of Returning Rice Stubble to Field on Cadmium Accumulation in Soil and Rice [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(2): 363-369.