Abstract:

Remediation of heavy metal pollution in farmland soil and water environment is an urgent problem to ensure agricultural safety in China. Among many restoration technologies, phytoremediation technology has outstanding advantages such as low cost, easy operation and environment-friendly. As a common aquatic vegetable, Oenanthe javanica has developed vascular tissue and strong adaptability. It shows strong accumulation capacity for heavy metals in water and soil. Therefore, it is widely used in environmental pollution remediation. This paper reviewed the absorption and accumulation capacity of different heavy metals, the accumulation characteristics of heavy metals in different organs, the mechanism of heavy metal tolerance, and the application status in environmental pollution remediation of O. javanica. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) O. javanica has a good accumulative effect on heavy metals Cd, Zn, Pb, Cu, Hg, as, Ag and Au in soil and water environment; (2) the absorption characteristics of O. javanica under heavy metal compound pollution are different from those under single element pollution, and there is obvious interaction; (3) the accumulation of heavy metals in O. javanica is mostly concentrated in the roots. As an aquatic vegetable with stems and leaves as edible parts, it provides good variety resources for phytoremediation and ensuring crop safety production; (4) there are differences in the absorption and accumulation characteristics of different heavy metals in water and dry farming modes for O. javanica, so appropriate cultivation modes and control measures should be selected in combination with the types of heavy metal pollution; (5) O. javanica mainly eliminates the stress of reactive oxygen species by improving the activity of antioxidant enzymes and plant complexon, so as to improve its tolerance to heavy metal stress; (6) the application research on the phytoremediation of O. javanica mainly focuses on the environmental remediation of constructed wetland, the treatment of aquaculture wastewater and the treatment of heavy metals in electroplating wastewater, but there is no large-scale application at present. In the future research, we should strengthen the molecular mechanism of heavy metal absorption of O. javanica, the combination of agronomic control measures and O. javanica remediation technology, as well as the formulation of relevant standards for heavy metal remediation technology of O. javanica. It would provide scientific basis and technical support for giving better application of O. javanica in the remediation of environmental heavy metals.

Key words: Oenanthe javanica, heavy metals, accumulation capacity, phytoremediation, water pollution, soil

摘要：

农田土壤和水环境重金属污染修复是保障中国农业安全生产迫切需要解决的问题。在诸多修复技术中,植物修复技术具有低成本、易操作、环境友好等突出优势。水芹作为一种常见的水生蔬菜,具有发达的维管束组织,且适应性强,对水体和土壤中的重金属表现出较强的富集能力,因此被广泛用于环境污染修复中。文章针对水芹对不同重金属元素的吸收累积能力、不同器官的重金属累积特性、重金属耐性机理、以及在环境污染修复中的应用现状进行了综述。主要结论为：（1）水芹对土壤和水体环境中重金属Cd、Zn、Pb、Cu、Hg、As、Ag、Au等元素具有较好的富集效果;（2）重金属复合污染下水芹对各元素的吸收特性与单一元素污染情况下有所差异,存在明显的交互作用;（3）水芹对重金属的累积大多集中于根部,其作为以茎叶为食用部位的水生蔬菜,为进行植物修复的同时保障农作物安全生产提供了较好的品种资源;（4）水作和旱作模式下水芹对不同重金属的吸收累积特性存在差异,应结合重金属污染种类选择适宜的栽培模式调控措施来进行重金属污染修复;（5）水芹主要通过提高抗氧化酶活性和植物络合素等来消除活性氧物质的胁迫,从而提高其对重金属胁迫的耐受性;（6）关于水芹植物修复的应用研究主要集中于人工湿地环境修复、养殖废水治理、电镀废水重金属处理方面,但目前尚未有大规模应用。在未来的研究中,应加强水芹重金属吸收分子机理、农艺调控措施与水芹修复技术结合、水芹重金属修复技术相关标准制订等方面的深入探讨,相关工作将为更好地发挥水芹在环境重金属修复中的应用提供科学依据和技术支撑。

关键词: 水芹, 重金属, 富集能力, 植物修复, 水污染, 土壤