Abstract:

The accumulation of heavy metals in fish is not only affected by the concentration of water pollutants, but also closely related to their growth stage. To explore the differences in the enrichment capacity of different heavy metals in the Sebastiscus marmoratus at different ages in the sea area of Dachen Islands and to provide reasonable suggestions for environmental protection, fishery, and food health management in this sea area, seven heavy metals in the muscles of Sebastiscus marmoratus at different growth stages that collected in December 2019, September 2020, January 2021, and April 2021, were determined. The correlation between the bioconcentration factor and the growth parameters of Sebastiscus marmoratus was analyzed. The enrichment capacities of Sebastiscus marmoratus at different growth stages to heavy metals in the were explored, and the pollution levels of heavy metal in the muscle of Sebastes marmoratus were evaluated by the single factor pollution index method and comprehensive pollution index method. The results showed that the contents of seven heavy metals in the seawater were 3.979, 48.771, 0.712, 0.014, 8.083, 0.109, and 0.597 μg∙L^-1, respectively, lower than the limits of Class II criteria of the Seawater Quality Standard of China; the contents of seven heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Hg, Cr, Cd and As) in the muscles of Sebastiscus marmoratus were 1.147, 1.593, 0.034, 0.001, 0.061, 0.034, and 0.011 mg∙kg^-1, respectively, lower than the limits of heavy metals in harmless aquatic products of the national standard of China; and the contents of seven heavy metals in the muscles of Sebastiscus marmoratus were significantly correlated with body length and age. In detail, the content of Hg was positively correlated with fish age and body length, the As, Cu and Zn were negatively correlated with body length, the As, Cu, Zn, and Pb were negatively correlated with the age, and the other heavy metals showed poor correlation with age and body length. Moreover, the contents of heavy metals in the muscles of Sebastiscus marmoratus with different body lengths and age groups were not correlated with their fatness. Juvenile Sebastiscus marmoratus had higher concentrations of heavy metals in the muscles than adult Sebastiscus marmoratus, thus the fishing or eating of adult Sebastiscus marmoratus is highly suggested. The slight contamination of As and Cd contents in the fish muscles was found by using the single factor pollution index method, therefore, the monitoring of heavy metals in the water bodies and aquatic products in Dachen Islands should be properly strengthened.

Key words: Sebastiscus marmoratus, heavy metal, enrichment capacity, body length and age, Dachen Islands sea area

摘要：

鱼类累积重金属除了受水环境污染浓度影响,还与其生长发育阶段密切相关。为探究大陈岛海域不同年龄褐菖鲉（Sebastiscus marmoratus）对不同重金属元素富集能力的差异性,以便针对该海域环境保护、水产品捕捞及食品健康管理提出合理建议,分别于2019年12月、2020年9月、2021年1月和2021年4月分4次对大陈岛海域海水和不同生长阶段褐菖鲉肌肉中7种重金属的含量进行了检测,并对生物富集因子与褐菖鲉生长参数的相关性进行了分析,探讨了不同生长阶段褐菖鲉对重金属元素的富集能力,并通过单因子污染指数法和综合污染指数法对褐菖鲉肌肉中重金属污染进行了评价。结果表明,海水中7种重金属（Cu、Zn、Pb、Hg、Cr、Cd和As）质量分数分别为3.979、48.771、0.712、0.014、8.083、0.109、0.597 μg∙L^-1,均低于国家二类海水标准,褐菖鲉肌肉中7种重金属（Cu、Zn、Pb、Hg、Cr、Cd和As）的质量分数分别为1.147、1.593、0.034、0.001、0.061、0.034、0.011 mg∙kg^-1,均未超过中国《食品中污染物限量》和《无公害水产品中有毒物质限量》中的标准限值;褐菖鲉肌肉组织中重金属的含量与体长和年龄相关性显著,其中Hg含量与年龄、体长呈正相关,As、Cu、Zn元素的富集能力与体长呈负相关,As、Cu、Zn、Pb元素含量与褐菖鲉年龄呈负相关,其余各重金属元素的含量与年龄、体长相关性均不显著,各体长与年龄褐菖鲉肌肉组织中重金属的含量与肥满度相关性均不显著。幼年褐菖鲉较成年褐菖鲉肌肉组织中重金属富集程度更高,建议捕捞或食用成年褐菖鲉;幼年褐菖鲉肌肉组织中As和Cd的单因子污染评价为轻度污染,因此应加强大陈岛海域水体及水产品重金属监测。

关键词: 褐菖鲉, 重金属, 富集能力, 体长与年龄, 大陈岛海域