Characteristics of Microplastic Pollution in Fish in the Pearl River Delta

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.08.011

Ecology and Environment ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (8): 1590-1598.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.08.011

• Research Articles • Previous Articles Next Articles

Characteristics of Microplastic Pollution in Fish in the Pearl River Delta

FAN Keyu¹^,²(), GAO Yuan²^,³^,⁴^,⁵, LAI Zini²^,³^,⁴^,⁵, ZENG Yanyi²^,³^,⁴^,⁵, LIU Qianfu²^,³^,⁴^,⁵, LI Haiyan²^,³^,⁴^,⁵, MAI Yongzhan²^,³^,⁴^,⁵, YANG Wanling²^,³^,⁴^,⁵, WEI Jingxin²^,⁶, SUN Jinhui¹^,^*(), WANG Chao²^,³^,⁴^,⁵^,^*()

1. Tianjin Agricultural College/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology and Aquaculture, Tianjin 300384, P. R. China
2. Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, P. R. China
3. Fishery Ecological Environment Monitoring Center of Pearl River Basin, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510380, P. R. China
4. Guangzhou Observation and Experiment Station of National Fishery Resources and Environment, Guangzhou 510380, P. R. China
5. Guangdong Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangzhou 510380, P. R. China
6. School of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, P. R. China

Received:2022-03-01 Online:2022-08-18 Published:2022-10-10
Contact: SUN Jinhui,WANG Chao

珠三角河网鱼类微塑料污染特征研究

樊珂宇¹^,²(), 高原²^,³^,⁴^,⁵, 赖子尼²^,³^,⁴^,⁵, 曾艳艺²^,³^,⁴^,⁵, 刘乾甫²^,³^,⁴^,⁵, 李海燕²^,³^,⁴^,⁵, 麦永湛²^,³^,⁴^,⁵, 杨婉玲²^,³^,⁴^,⁵, 魏敬欣²^,⁶, 孙金辉¹^,^*(), 王超²^,³^,⁴^,⁵^,^*()

1.天津农学院/天津市水产生态及养殖重点实验室,天津 300384
2.中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所,广东广州 510380
3.农业农村部珠江流域渔业生态环境监测中心,广东广州 510380
4.国家渔业资源环境广州观测实验站,广东广州 510380
5.广东省水产动物免疫技术重点实验室,广东广州 510380
6.上海海洋大学海洋生态与环境学院,上海 201306

通讯作者: 孙金辉,王超
作者简介:樊珂宇（1998年生）,女,硕士研究生,主要从事水环境微塑料污染研究。E-mail: fanky0526@163.com
基金资助:
广东省自然科学基金项目(2021A1515011306);广州市科技计划项目(202102080444)

Abstract

Abstract:

In recent years, as a new type of pollutant, microplastic pollution in the water environment has received more and more attention and has become an emerging global environmental problem. In order to understand the pollution characteristics of microplastics in common wild fish in the Pearl River Delta, we selected eight kinds of wild freshwater fish as research objects and analyzed the abundance, particle size, shape, color, and composition of microplastics in their gills and intestines. A total of 60 microplastics were detected in all of the fish, with an average intake of 1.6 microplastics per fish. The average abundance of gills was (0.638±1.276) items∙g^-1, and the average abundance of gut was (0.256±0.326) items∙g^-1, and the average abundance in the gills was greater than that of guts. The correlation analysis between the abundance of microplastics in fish and fish body length and body weight showed that the abundance of microplastics in fish was weakly related to body length or body weight of fish. The microplastic particles detected in this experiment were mostly greater than 100 μm in size, mainly in fragments, and mostly black or gray in color. The types of polymers detected were mainly polyethylene and polypropylene. Most of the microplastics ingested by pelagic fish were in a granular form, and its source may be plastic microbeads added to personal care and cosmetic products, which were discharged into the environment through domestic sewage and then ingested. Most of the microplastics ingested by bottom fish were in the form of fragments, and the source might be solid waste, which sank to the bottom after weathering and photolysis and was then ingested by bottom fish. Misgurnus anguillicaudatus had the highest average microplastic intake, and the fish with the highest microplastic content in their gills and guts were all from the Zuotan sampling site. These research results may help us to understand the status of microplastic pollution in wild freshwater fish populations in the Pearl River Delta and may provide reference for water ecological risk assessment.

Key words: Pearl River Delta, wild fish, microplastics, pollution characteristics, gill, intestine

摘要：

近年来,微塑料作为一种新型污染物在水环境中的污染受到越来越多的关注,已经成为一个新兴的全球性环境问题。为了解珠三角河网水域常见野生鱼类中微塑料的污染特征,选取8种野生淡水鱼为研究对象,分析其鳃部和肠道中微塑料的丰度、粒径、形态、颜色和组成成分。结果表明,在所有鱼体中共检测出60个微塑料,平均每条鱼摄入了1.6个微塑料,鳃部的平均丰度为 (0.638±1.276) items∙g^-1,肠道的平均丰度为 (0.256±0.326) items∙g^-1,鳃部的平均丰度大于肠道的平均丰度。通过对鱼类微塑料的丰度与鱼的体长、体质量的相关性分析表明,鱼类微塑料的丰度与鱼的体长、体质量相关性较弱。本次实验检测出的微塑料粒径多大于100 μm,主要为碎片状,颜色主要为黑色和灰色,检测的聚合物类型主要为聚乙烯和聚丙烯。中上层鱼类摄入的微塑料大多为颗粒状,分析其来源可能为个人护理及化妆品内添加的塑料微珠,通过生活污水排入到环境中,从而被摄食。底层鱼类摄入的多为碎片状,分析其来源可能是固体废物,经过风化和光解沉入水底,从而被底层鱼类所摄食。泥鳅（Misgurnus anguillicaudatus）的平均微塑料摄入量最高,鳃和肠道中微塑料含量最高的鱼类均来自左滩采样点。上述研究结果有助于了解珠三角河网野生淡水鱼类群体的微塑料污染现状,可为水生态风险评估提供参考。

关键词: 珠三角河网, 鱼类, 微塑料, 污染特征, 鳃, 肠道

CLC Number:

X171.5
X522

FAN Keyu, GAO Yuan, LAI Zini, ZENG Yanyi, LIU Qianfu, LI Haiyan, MAI Yongzhan, YANG Wanling, WEI Jingxin, SUN Jinhui, WANG Chao. Characteristics of Microplastic Pollution in Fish in the Pearl River Delta[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(8): 1590-1598.

樊珂宇, 高原, 赖子尼, 曾艳艺, 刘乾甫, 李海燕, 麦永湛, 杨婉玲, 魏敬欣, 孙金辉, 王超. 珠三角河网鱼类微塑料污染特征研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(8): 1590-1598.

Figures/Tables 11

Figure 1 Location of the sampling sites

Table 1 Basic informations of fishes in the Pearl River Delta

种类 Species	体质量 Body mass/g	体长 Length/cm	样品总数 Total number of samples/ind	栖息水层 Inhabits the water layer	食性 Feeding habits
鳙 Aristichthys nobilis	2900.9	60.0	1	中上层	滤食性
鲤 Cyprinus carpio	223.4±93.6	16.6±35.4	3	底层	杂食性
麦瑞加拉鲮 Cirrhinus mrigala	978.8±266.4	40.3±24.9	3	底层	杂食性
罗非鱼 Oreochromis mossambicus	311.7	25.0	1	中下层	杂食性
鲢 Hypophthalmichthys molitrix	1061.1±64.6	40.5±5.0	2	表层	滤食性
海南鲌 Culter recurviceps	805.6±46.6	47.5±5.0	2	中上层	杂食性
广东鲂 Megalobrama terminalis	272.8±18.1	26.2±9.3	5	中下层	杂食性
泥鳅 Misgurnus anguillicaudatus	7.6±1.1	11.3±0.6	20	底层	杂食性

Figure 2 Abundance distribution of microplastics

Figure 3 Size distribution of microplastics (a) Percentage of different size in gill; (b) Percentage of different size in intestine

Figure 4 Morphology distribution of microplastic (a) Percentage of different morphology in gill; (b) Percentage of different morphology in intestine

Figure 5 Color distribution of microplastics (a) Percentage of different color in gill; (b) Percentage of different colors in intestine

Figure 6 Micrograph of microplastics in fish (a) PE; (b) PP. The same below

Figure 7 Infrared spectra of major microplastics in fish

Figure 8 Chemical composition distribution of microplastics (a) Percentage of different component in gill; (b) Percentage of different component in intestine

Figure 9 Correlation between the abundance of microplastics in gill and intestine and the body weight and length of fish

Table 2 Detection rate of microplastics in wild fish at home and abroad

国家 Country	地区 Region	微塑料检出率 Microplastic detection rate/%
中国 China	三峡大坝	25.7 (Zhang et al., 2017)
葡萄牙 Portugal	蒙德古河口	38.0 (Bessa, 2018)
英法 Britain and France	英吉利海峡	36.5 (Lusher et al., 2013)
日本 Japan	东京湾	77.0 (Tanaka et al., 2016)

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Characteristics of Microplastic Pollution in Fish in the Pearl River Delta

珠三角河网鱼类微塑料污染特征研究

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