竹醋液对紫苏镉毒的缓解效应研究

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.07.014

生态环境学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (7): 1313-1324.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.07.014

竹醋液对紫苏镉毒的缓解效应研究

李振国(), 郝星雨, 贺甜莲, 景蕊, 荣成, 顾承真, 郑新宇^*()

福建农林大学生命科学学院，福建福州 350000

收稿日期:2023-04-06 出版日期:2023-07-18 发布日期:2023-09-27
通讯作者: * 郑新宇。E-mail: zhengxinyu0621@sina.com
作者简介:李振国（1998年生），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为植物生态学。E-mail: 2446273211@qq.com
基金资助:
福建省自然科学基金项目(2019J01383);福建省自然科学基金面上项目(2021J1095);福建省环境科学研究院横向课题(KHCZ16066)

Study on the Alleviating Effect of Bamboo Vinegar on Cadmium Toxicity of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt.

LI Zhenguo(), HAO Xingyu, HE Tianlian, JING Rui, RONG Cheng, GU Chengzhen, ZHENG Xinyu^*()

College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, P. R. China

Received:2023-04-06 Online:2023-07-18 Published:2023-09-27

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

超富集植物修复是目前研究较多且具有良好发展前景的重金属污染土壤治理技术。然而，采用超富集植物对重金属污染土壤进行修复时，生物量大幅下降成为其难以大面积推广应用的难点。以超富集植物紫苏（Perilla frutescens）为材料，采用水培实验，研究竹醋液（BV）对不同Cd胁迫水平下紫苏生长以及Cd富集变化的响应，评估了BV对紫苏镉毒的缓解效应以及提高植物修复效率的可行性。结果表明，在Cd质量浓度为4 mg·L^-1和8 mg·L^-1的处理下，外施BV显著增加了紫苏的总干重（36.8%和20.6%），叶酚酸（93.6%和30.9%）和类黄酮质量分数（80.0%和31.9%），以及根酚酸质量分数（25.3%和31.2%）。根类黄酮质量分数在4 mg·L^-1 Cd处理下增加了34.7%，而在8 mg·L^-1 Cd处理下无显著差异；外施BV处理下，根系POD酶活性在4 mg·L^-1和8 mg·L^-1 Cd处理下分别增加了64.2%和65.1%。叶和根系APX酶活性在8 mg·L^-1Cd处理下分别提高414.1%和76.0%。总体上，在4 mg·L^-1和8 mg·L^-1 Cd质量浓度处理下，外施BV显著提高了植株地上部（16.5%和21.4%）和地下部（14.0%和62.8%）Cd质量分数，使植株Cd富集量分别提高了69.3%和55.7%。主成分分析表明，喷施BV可以改善植物酶与非酶抗氧化系统，增加了4 mg·L^-1Cd处理下植物的环境适应性，而对8 mg·L^-1 Cd处理下植物的生理损伤影响较小。相关性分析表明，根系镉含量与根系酚酸呈显著正相关（P<0.05）。综上所述，BV通过提高紫苏POD和APX酶活性，增加类黄酮和酚酸类物质含量，缓解Cd对紫苏的损伤，促进Cd胁迫下植物生长，从而提高植物Cd富集效率。研究结果可为植物修复Cd污染土壤治理技术的推广提供理论基础。

关键词: 镉, 竹醋液, 植物修复, 抗氧化酶, 酚酸

Abstract:

Hyperaccumulator remediation is one of the most studied and promising technologies for the treatment of heavy metal pollution in soil. However, when hyperaccumulators are used to remediate soil heavy metal pollution, the significant decrease in biomass has become a difficulty in its large-scale application. Taking Perilla frutescens as the material, the response of bamboo vinegar (BV) to Perilla frutescens growth and Cd enrichment under different Cd stress levels was studied by a hydroponics experiment, and the mitigation effect of BV on Cd toxicity of Perilla frutescens and the feasibility on improving phytoremediation efficiency were evaluated. The results showed that at 4 mg·L^-1 and 8 mg·L^-1 Cd concentrations, BV significantly increased the total dry weight (36.8% and 20.6%), phenolic acid (93.6% and 30.9%), flavonoid mass fraction (80.0% and 31.9%), and rhizo-phenolic acid mass fraction (25.3% and 31.2%) of Perilla frutescens. The root flavonoid mass fraction increased by 34.7% at 4 mg·L^-1 Cd concentration, but had no significant difference at 8 mg·L^-1 Cd concentration. Under BV treatment, the activities of POD in roots increased by 64.2% and 65.1% at 4 mg·L^-1 and 8 mg·L^-1 Cd treatments, respectively. Leaves and root APX enzyme activities were increased by 414.1% and 76.0%, respectively, under the treatment of 8 mg·L^-1 Cd. In general, under 4 mg·L^-1 Cd concentration and 8 mg·L^-1 Cd concentration, the application of BV significantly increased the Cd mass fraction in the aboveground (16.5% and 21.4%) and underground (14.0% and 62.8%) parts of the plant, and the Cd accumulation in the plant was improved by 69.3% and 55.7%, respectively. Principal component analysis showed that spraying BV could improve plant enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems and increase plants’ environmental adaptability under the 4 mg·L^-1 Cd treatment, but had little effect on physiological damage under the 8 mg·L^-1 Cd treatment. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation (P<0.05) between root cadmium content and root phenolic acid. In conclusion, BV increased the activities of POD and APX of Perilla frutescens, which can alleviate the damage of Cd to it, as well as improve plant growth under Cd stress, the content of flavonoids and phenolic acids, and the enrichment efficiency of Cd. The results can furnish a theoretical foundation for the promotion of phytoremediation technologies that the remediate Cd-polluted soils.

Key words: cadmium, bamboo vinegar, phytoremediation, antioxidant enzyme, phenolic acid

中图分类号:

X171.5
X53

李振国, 郝星雨, 贺甜莲, 景蕊, 荣成, 顾承真, 郑新宇. 竹醋液对紫苏镉毒的缓解效应研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(7): 1313-1324.

LI Zhenguo, HAO Xingyu, HE Tianlian, JING Rui, RONG Cheng, GU Chengzhen, ZHENG Xinyu. Study on the Alleviating Effect of Bamboo Vinegar on Cadmium Toxicity of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt.[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(7): 1313-1324.

图/表 12

参考文献 48

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类别	序号	有机物名称	相对含量/%
酚类	1	苯酚	12.355
	2	愈创木酚	7.817
	3	对甲酚	5.758
	4	4-乙基苯酚	4.880
	5	2-甲基苯酚	4.049
	6	2, 4-二甲基苯酚	1.609
	7	麦芽酚	1.066
	8	2, 6-二甲氧基苯酚	3.361
	9	4-乙基-2-甲氧基苯酚	1.660
		小计	42.554
酯类	10	乙酸甲酯	9.553
	11	4-羟基丁酸乙酰酯	2.008
	12	丙酸甲酯	0.733
		小计	12.293
酸类	13	丙酸	6.659
	14	丁酸	2.526
	15	乙酸	0.898
		小计	10.083
酮类	16	2-环戊烯酮	1.934
	17	甲基环戊烯醇酮	1.492
	18	甲基环戊烯醇酮	1.388
	19	2, 3-二甲基-2-环戊烯酮	1.188
	20	3-甲基-2-环戊烯-1-酮	1.115
	21	1-羟基-2-丁酮	1.078
	22	环戊酮	0.699
	23	2, 5-二氢-3, 5-二甲基呋喃酮	0.682
		小计	9.576
醛类	24	3-糠醛	6.791
	25	5-甲基呋喃醛	0.822
		小计	7.613
醇类	26	丝氨醇	0.830
	27	1, 3-二氧杂烷-2-甲醇	0.709
		小计	1.539
其它	28	2-呋喃甲酰乙腈	3.340
	29	丁酸酐	2.953
	30	3-羟基-4-甲氧基甲苯	2.822
	31	丙酸酐	2.129
	32	2-乙酰基呋喃	2.104
	33	异丁酸酐	2.061
	34	吡啶	0.934
		小计	16.342

类别	序号	有机物名称	相对含量/%
酚类	1	苯酚	12.355
	2	愈创木酚	7.817
	3	对甲酚	5.758
	4	4-乙基苯酚	4.880
	5	2-甲基苯酚	4.049
	6	2, 4-二甲基苯酚	1.609
	7	麦芽酚	1.066
	8	2, 6-二甲氧基苯酚	3.361
	9	4-乙基-2-甲氧基苯酚	1.660
		小计	42.554
酯类	10	乙酸甲酯	9.553
	11	4-羟基丁酸乙酰酯	2.008
	12	丙酸甲酯	0.733
		小计	12.293
酸类	13	丙酸	6.659
	14	丁酸	2.526
	15	乙酸	0.898
		小计	10.083
酮类	16	2-环戊烯酮	1.934
	17	甲基环戊烯醇酮	1.492
	18	甲基环戊烯醇酮	1.388
	19	2, 3-二甲基-2-环戊烯酮	1.188
	20	3-甲基-2-环戊烯-1-酮	1.115
	21	1-羟基-2-丁酮	1.078
	22	环戊酮	0.699
	23	2, 5-二氢-3, 5-二甲基呋喃酮	0.682
		小计	9.576
醛类	24	3-糠醛	6.791
	25	5-甲基呋喃醛	0.822
		小计	7.613
醇类	26	丝氨醇	0.830
	27	1, 3-二氧杂烷-2-甲醇	0.709
		小计	1.539
其它	28	2-呋喃甲酰乙腈	3.340
	29	丁酸酐	2.953
	30	3-羟基-4-甲氧基甲苯	2.822
	31	丙酸酐	2.129
	32	2-乙酰基呋喃	2.104
	33	异丁酸酐	2.061
	34	吡啶	0.934
		小计	16.342

处理		w_{(没食子酸)/}(μg·g^-1)		w_{(原儿茶酸)/}(μg·g^-1)		w_(绿原酸)/(μg·g^-1)		w_{(对羟基苯甲酸)/}(μg·g^-1)	w_(咖啡酸)/(μg·g^-1)	w_(丁香酸)/(μg·g^-1)	w_(香兰素)/(μg·g^-1)
UBVCd0		0.382±0.003e		5.677±0.072e		2.986±0.153d		2.886±0.153d	3.161±0.216e	3.182±0.149e	28.165±1.530e
UBVCd4		1.139±0.090d		6.481±0.276d		4.346±0.056bc		4.246±0.056bc	6.955±0.089d	5.903±0.272c	42.562±1.351d
UBVCd8		1.335±0.074c		15.312±0.449a		4.223±0.244c		4.123±0.244c	21.807±1.066c	8.889±0.060a	64.548±0.233b
BVCd0		1.162±0.062d		7.335±0.287c		4.552±0.228b		4.452±0.228b	8.252±0.430d	4.388±0.247d	49.928±1.542c
BVCd4		2.032±0.061b		12.934±0.471b		6.864±0.222a		6.764±0.222a	30.141±0.427b	9.324±0.713a	102.311±2.176a
BVCd8		2.287±0.053a		14.983±0.384a		4.316±0.109bc		4.216±0.109bc	36.999±2.756a	6.642±0.365b	106.422±5.729a
处理	w_{(对香豆酸)/}(μg·g^-1)		w_{(异绿原酸A)/}(μg·g^-1)		w_(香豆素)/(μg·g^-1)		w_(苯甲酸)/(μg·g^-1)		w_{(迷迭香酸)/}(μg·g^-1)	w_(肉桂酸)/(μg·g^-1)	w_{(可溶性酚酸总量)/}(μg·g^-1)
UBVCd0	3.981±0.023d		263.144±10.848e		6.509±0.186e		189.759±10.632e		116.656±9.937d	0.715±0.076cd	627.204±11.565d
UBVCd4	4.869±0.112c		313.408±2.736d		5.986±0.226e		187.760±3.292e		69.065±5.968e	0.934±0.125b	653.656±3.716d
UBVCd8	5.546±0.056b		383.415±13.20c		11.709±0.160c		373.038±34.147c		131.269±5.271cd	1.158±0.059a	1026.372±37.713b
BVCd0	4.570±0.034c		305.021±6.124d		9.601±0.409d		276.238±33.507d		188.393±13.377b	0.692±0.077d	864.585±55.811c
BVCd4	7.590±0.093a		507.493±2.122a		35.527±1.393a		510.685±32.380b		311.672±20.646a	0.651±0.036d	1543.987±22.459a
BVCd8	8.085±0.673a		456.245±3.651b		27.788±0.852b		721.729±56.173a		146.704±15.716c	0.899±0.183bc	1537.315±58.656a

处理		w_{(没食子酸)/}(μg·g^-1)		w_{(原儿茶酸)/}(μg·g^-1)		w_(绿原酸)/(μg·g^-1)		w_{(对羟基苯甲酸)/}(μg·g^-1)	w_(咖啡酸)/(μg·g^-1)	w_(丁香酸)/(μg·g^-1)	w_(香兰素)/(μg·g^-1)
UBVCd0		0.382±0.003e		5.677±0.072e		2.986±0.153d		2.886±0.153d	3.161±0.216e	3.182±0.149e	28.165±1.530e
UBVCd4		1.139±0.090d		6.481±0.276d		4.346±0.056bc		4.246±0.056bc	6.955±0.089d	5.903±0.272c	42.562±1.351d
UBVCd8		1.335±0.074c		15.312±0.449a		4.223±0.244c		4.123±0.244c	21.807±1.066c	8.889±0.060a	64.548±0.233b
BVCd0		1.162±0.062d		7.335±0.287c		4.552±0.228b		4.452±0.228b	8.252±0.430d	4.388±0.247d	49.928±1.542c
BVCd4		2.032±0.061b		12.934±0.471b		6.864±0.222a		6.764±0.222a	30.141±0.427b	9.324±0.713a	102.311±2.176a
BVCd8		2.287±0.053a		14.983±0.384a		4.316±0.109bc		4.216±0.109bc	36.999±2.756a	6.642±0.365b	106.422±5.729a
处理	w_{(对香豆酸)/}(μg·g^-1)		w_{(异绿原酸A)/}(μg·g^-1)		w_(香豆素)/(μg·g^-1)		w_(苯甲酸)/(μg·g^-1)		w_{(迷迭香酸)/}(μg·g^-1)	w_(肉桂酸)/(μg·g^-1)	w_{(可溶性酚酸总量)/}(μg·g^-1)
UBVCd0	3.981±0.023d		263.144±10.848e		6.509±0.186e		189.759±10.632e		116.656±9.937d	0.715±0.076cd	627.204±11.565d
UBVCd4	4.869±0.112c		313.408±2.736d		5.986±0.226e		187.760±3.292e		69.065±5.968e	0.934±0.125b	653.656±3.716d
UBVCd8	5.546±0.056b		383.415±13.20c		11.709±0.160c		373.038±34.147c		131.269±5.271cd	1.158±0.059a	1026.372±37.713b
BVCd0	4.570±0.034c		305.021±6.124d		9.601±0.409d		276.238±33.507d		188.393±13.377b	0.692±0.077d	864.585±55.811c
BVCd4	7.590±0.093a		507.493±2.122a		35.527±1.393a		510.685±32.380b		311.672±20.646a	0.651±0.036d	1543.987±22.459a
BVCd8	8.085±0.673a		456.245±3.651b		27.788±0.852b		721.729±56.173a		146.704±15.716c	0.899±0.183bc	1537.315±58.656a

处理	w_{(原儿茶酸)}/ (μg·g^-1)	w_(绿原酸)/ (μg·g^-1)	w_{(对羟基苯甲酸)}/ (μg·g^-1)	w_(咖啡酸)/ (μg·g^-1)	w_(丁香酸)/ (μg·g^-1)	w_{(异绿原酸A)}/ (μg·g^-1)	w_(香豆素)/ (μg·g^-1)	w_(苯甲酸)/ (μg·g^-1)	w_{(可溶性酚酸总量)}/ (μg·g^-1)
UBVCd0	1.298±0.106d	8.838±0.382bc	2.638±0.890d	8.397±0.090c	1.832±0.043c	3.070±0.132cd	1.550±0.044c	35.280±2.434de	62.905±2.326de
UBVCd4	1.617±0.063c	7.201±0.541c	3.635±0.196c	8.222±0.397c	2.801±0.197b	3.616±0.189c	1.375±0.187c	48.347±3.909cd	76.814±5.244d
UBVCd8	2.170±0.082b	8.804±0.383c	3.813±0.467c	7.701±0.044cd	4.004±0.079a	10.122±0.94a	1.915±0.226b	87.692±2.777b	126.221±3.034b
BVCd0	1.124±0.012d	8.708±0.044c	3.167±0.147cd	6.943±0.281d	1.497±0.052d	2.747±0.077d	0.999±0.018d	32.941±1.231e	58.127±1.392e
BVCd4	2.481±0.156a	11.000±0.564b	4.989±0.169b	15.078±0.098b	2.587±0.150b	4.866±0.191b	2.294±0.160a	57.956±11.319c	101.250±11.836c
BVCd8	2.588±0.145a	16.310±2.822a	8.356±0.552a	19.640±1.081a	2.741±0.289b	10.120±0.531a	1.528±0.132c	161.020±15.377a	222.304±18.065a

竹醋液对紫苏镉毒的缓解效应研究

Study on the Alleviating Effect of Bamboo Vinegar on Cadmium Toxicity of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt.

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处理		w_{(没食子酸)/}(μg·g^-1)	w_{(原儿茶酸)/}(μg·g^-1)		w_(绿原酸)/(μg·g^-1)		w_{(对羟基苯甲酸)/}(μg·g^-1)		w_(咖啡酸)/(μg·g^-1)		w_(丁香酸)/(μg·g^-1)		w_(香兰素)/(μg·g^-1)
UBVCd0		9.003±0.120e	6.553±0.594c		40.243±3.678d		17.673±1.119c		70.49±5.606d		4.553±1.070c		1.617±0.369c
UBVCd4		14.889±1.406c	6.650±1.139c		58.672±5.292c		25.354±2.544ab		108.304±9.917c		9.740±0.418b		1.841±0.580bc
UBVCd8		25.129±1.036a	21.782±0.384a		79.683±2.735b		23.987±2.876ab		232.859±9.919a		14.326±1.363a		3.244±0.178a
BVCd0		12.037±1.65ed	7.995±1.194c		72.711±12.36bc		26.130±3.010ab		97.994±7.402c		15.198±1.881a		2.765±0.440ab
BVCd4		15.279±1.103c	15.064±2.179b		71.719±11.071bc		27.222±3.409a		184.715±9.089b		10.817±1.712b		3.449±0.908a
BVCd8		19.362±1.782b	19.96±1.748a		96.241±12.735a		20.473±5.517bc		238.688±13.239a		9.218±1.851b		2.989±0.490a
处理	w_{(对香豆酸)/}(μg·g^-1)			w_(阿魏酸)/(μg·g^-1)		w_{(异绿原酸A)/}(μg·g^-1)		w_(苯甲酸)/(μg·g^-1)		w_(肉桂酸)/(μg·g^-1)		w_{(结合态酚酸总量)/}(μg·g^-1)
UBVCd0	102.688±8.512b			29.736±2.366c		8.534±1.105c		12.415±1.064e		0.462±0.029a		303.967±18.260d
UBVCd4	128.925±5.770a			38.532±4.058ab		12.953±1.367ab		20.458±6.179d		0.430±0.012a		426.749±27.125c
UBVCd8	128.984±5.305a			40.642±3.690a		12.131±1.838bc		47.992±2.369a		0.472±0.009a		631.232±6.895a
BVCd0	100.916±6.369b			34.231±4.161abc		16.349±1.889a		23.801±2.414d		0.448±0.059a		410.574±21.036c
BVCd4	136.678±7.821a			33.420±4.389bc		15.354±3.112ab		33.071±5.194c		0.497±0.072a		547.285±29.026b
BVCd8	136.867±5.834a			35.282±3.925abc		11.858±2.500bc		41.406±1.942b		0.501±0.023a		632.852±11.174a

处理	w_{(没食子酸)/}(μg·g^-1)	w_{(原儿茶酸)/}(μg·g^-1)	w_(绿原酸)/(μg·g^-1)	w_{(对羟基苯甲酸)/}(μg·g^-1)	w_(咖啡酸)/(μg·g^-1)	w_(丁香酸)/(μg·g^-1)
UBVCd0	17.250±0.929c	5.803±0.225cd	81.084±2.491d	20.161±1.743b	99.211±5.046d	43.651±1.774b
UBVCd4	21.336±0.301b	6.244±1.386c	85.943±4.110d	22.302±2.821b	87.819±1.000e	54.415±1.888a
UBVCd8	24.277±0.708a	7.858±1.615c	112.827±5.593b	23.935±0.397b	114.76±6.562c	45.310±2.816b
BVCd0	10.884±1.263d	3.642±0.119d	49.619±4.044e	15.324±1.765c	31.780±1.050f	6.837±0.482c
BVCd4	20.553±1.631b	11.849±1.683b	100.625±3.652c	28.541±0.621a	130.723±5.51b	41.544±6.112b
BVCd8	21.328±0.314b	14.855±1.433a	125.270±5.268a	28.738±4.003a	175.552±3.89a	11.794±0.619c
处理	w_(香兰素)/(μg·g^-1)	w_(阿魏酸)/(μg·g^-1)	w_{(对香豆酸)/}(μg·g^-1)	w_(香豆素)/(μg·g^-1)	w_(苯甲酸)/(μg·g^-1)	w_{(结合态酚酸总量)/}(μg·g^-1)
UBVCd0	0.884±0.256c	12.773±0.892c	18.703±2.131a	1.055±0.010bc	13.013±1.362a	313.589±6.187c
UBVCd4	1.414±0.244b	7.511±0.571d	11.826±2.452bc	1.067±0.106bc	6.640±0.559c	306.518±11.417c
UBVCd8	1.641±0.090b	13.555±0.968c	11.426±2.988c	1.005±0.033c	6.358±0.082c	362.953±10.921b
BVCd0	0.631±0.138c	4.233±0.161e	10.041±0.749c	0.549±0.002d	10.951±0.161b	144.491±1.959d
BVCd4	1.479±0.154b	16.831±0.966b	12.252±2.288bc	1.130±0.025b	6.989±0.720c	372.517±7.308b
BVCd8	2.257±0.193a	19.824±1.303a	15.445±1.206ab	1.739±0.084a	6.119±0.720c	422.922±3.679a

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