2001-2020年内蒙古植被碳源/碳汇时空动态及对气候因子的响应

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.05.001

生态环境学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (5): 825-834.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.05.001

• 研究论文 • 下一篇

2001-2020年内蒙古植被碳源/碳汇时空动态及对气候因子的响应

郝蕾¹(), 翟涌光²^,^*(), 戚文超³, 兰穹穹⁴

1.内蒙古财经大学资源与环境经济学院，内蒙古呼和浩特 010010
2.内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院，内蒙古呼和浩特 010010
3.中国科学院空天信息创新研究院，北京 100079
4.中国资源卫星应用中心，北京 100094

收稿日期:2023-02-19 出版日期:2023-05-18 发布日期:2023-08-09
通讯作者: *翟涌光（1986年生），男，副教授，博士。E-mail: ychia@imau.edu.cn
作者简介:郝蕾（1990年生），女，讲师，博士，主要从事干旱区资源环境监测。E-mail: haolei@imufe.edu.cn
基金资助:
自治区直属高校基本科研业务费项目(NCYWR22019);内蒙古自治区高等学校科学技术研究项目(NJZZ23034);内蒙古自然科学基金项目(2023MS04011);内蒙古自然科学基金项目(2021BS03011);黄河流域经济高质量发展研究基地项目(22HZD04)

Spatial-temporal Dynamics of Vegetation Carbon Sources/sinks in Inner Mongolia from 2001 to 2020 and Its Response to Climate Change

HAO Lei¹(), ZHAI Yongguang²^,^*(), QI Wenchao³, LAN Qiongqiong⁴

1. College of Resources and Environmental Economics, Inner Mongolia University of Finance and Economics, Hohhot 010070, P. R. China
2. College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China
3. Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100079, P. R. China
4. China Centre for Resources Satellite Data and Application, Beijing 100094, P. R. China

Received:2023-02-19 Online:2023-05-18 Published:2023-08-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

掌握植被动态及其对气候变化的响应，对于提升全球变化背景下陆地生态系统的固碳能力至关重要。内蒙古作为中国北方的重要生态屏障，是气候和生态系统最为多样化的省份之一。虽然已有研究表明植被碳源/碳汇与气候变化密切相关，但这种响应在生态脆弱且包含多种生态过渡带与植被类型的内蒙古，是否存在及如何响应尚不清楚。以净生态系统生产力（NEP）为固碳评估指标，基于遥感植被指数数据、土地覆被数据和气象观测数据，采用净初级生产力和土壤呼吸模型估算了2001-2020年内蒙古植被碳源/碳汇，并通过实测数据验证，重点研究了不同植被类型NEP的时空变化及其对降水、温度和太阳辐射等3种典型气候因子的响应。结果表明，（1）内蒙古植被碳源/碳汇有明显的时空异质性，植被NEP由东北向西南逐渐降低，平均NEP为C 61.2 g·m^-2；不同植被类型的NEP有显著差异，森林、草地和耕地的年均NEP分别为C 270 g·m^-2、54.7 g·m^-2、140 g·m^-2。（2）2001-2020年，内蒙古陆地生态系统碳汇呈上升趋势，但存在一定波动，其中森林和草地NEP呈上升趋势，而耕地NEP呈下降趋势。不同植被类型按照其NEP均值由大到小排序依次为森林、耕地、草地。（3）不同植被类型NEP对气候因子的响应存在显著差异，耕地NEP主要受太阳辐射的影响，草地NEP受降水和太阳辐射的共同控制，森林NEP受3种气候因子的共同影响。该研究对于评估内蒙古陆地生态系统碳平衡，以及对评价生态系统的固碳能力和研究其碳循环机制具有重要的意义。

关键词: 净生态系统生产力, CASA模型, 碳源/碳汇, 气候变化

Abstract:

Understanding vegetation dynamics and their response to climate change is essential to improve the carbon sequestration capacity of terrestrial ecosystems in the context of global change. As an important ecological barrier in north China, Inner Mongolia is one of the provinces with the most diverse climate and ecosystem. While net ecosystem productivity (NEP) is strongly associated with climate change, it is unclear whether and how such responses exist in ecologically fragile areas, such as Inner Mongolia, which contains multiple ecological transition zones and vegetation types. In this study, the NEP of vegetation in Inner Mongolia from 2001 to 2020 was estimated by using the net primary productivity and soil respiration models based on remote sensing vegetation index data, land cover data, and meteorological observation data. The temporal and spatial changes of NEP for different vegetation types and their responses to three typical climatic factors including precipitation, temperature, and solar radiation were studied. The results showed that (1) the vegetation NEP in Inner Mongolia gradually decreased from northeast to southwest, and the average NEP was C 61.2 g·m^-2. The average annual NEP of the forest, grassland, and cultivated land was C 270 g·m^-2, 54.7 g·m^-2, and 140 g·m^-2, respectively. (2) From 2001 to 2020, the terrestrial ecosystem carbon sink in Inner Mongolia showed an upward trend, but there were some fluctuations, among which the NEP of forest and grassland showed an upward trend, while the NEP of cropland showed a downward trend. Forest had the largest mean NEP, followed by cropland and grassland. (3) There were significant differences in the response of NEP to climatic factors for different vegetation types, with the NEP of cropland was mainly affected by solar radiation, the NEP of grassland was controlled by precipitation and solar radiation, and the NEP of forest was under the influence of all three climatic factors. This study is of great importance for evaluating the carbon balance of the terrestrial ecosystem in Inner Mongolia, and also for evaluating the carbon sequestration capacity of the ecosystem and studying its carbon cycle mechanism.

Key words: NEP, CASA model, carbon source/sink, climate change

中图分类号:

郝蕾, 翟涌光, 戚文超, 兰穹穹. 2001-2020年内蒙古植被碳源/碳汇时空动态及对气候因子的响应[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(5): 825-834.

HAO Lei, ZHAI Yongguang, QI Wenchao, LAN Qiongqiong. Spatial-temporal Dynamics of Vegetation Carbon Sources/sinks in Inner Mongolia from 2001 to 2020 and Its Response to Climate Change[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(5): 825-834.

图/表 9

图1 研究区范围及土地覆被类型土地覆被图来自于MODIS MOD12Q1产品

Figure 1 Study area and its land cover

图2 实测数据与模拟数据相关性

Figure 2 Correlation between measured data and simulated data

图3 内蒙古年均NEP（2001-2020年）及其标准差时空分布

Figure 3 Spatial-temporal distribution of mean NEP (2001-2020) and its standard deviation in Inner Mongolia

图4 内蒙古2001-2020年NEP年际变化率及显著性趋势

Figure 4 Interannual change rate and significance trend of NEP in Inner Mongolia from 2001 to 2020

表1 2001-2020年内蒙古NEP年际变化率及趋势显著性像元比例

Table 1 The percentage of area for interannual change rate and trend significance

变化率 (以C计)/(g·m^-2·a^-1)	占比/%	趋势	占比/%
<-3	2.27	极显著增加 (ESD)	56.1
-3-0	41.5	显著增加 (SD)	0.01
0-3	45.1	无显著变化 (NSC)	0.01
3-6	8.83	显著减少 (SI)	0.02
>6	2.30	极显著减少 (ESI)	43.8

图5 内蒙古2001-2020年NEP总量及主要植被类型NEP年际均值

Figure 5 Interannual total and mean NEP for major vegetation types in Inner Mongolia from 2001 to 2020

表2 2001-2020年内蒙古3种植被类型年际NEP变化趋势的Theil-Sen拟合参数

Table 2 Theil-Sen fitting parameters of interannual NEP change trend of three vegetation types in Inner Mongolia from 2001 to 2020

植被类型	斜率	r²	P
森林	1.08	0.22	0.09
草地	0.43	0.03	0.58
耕地	-0.89	0.20	0.27

图6 内蒙古2001-2020年NEP与气候因素的偏相关系数及各像元位置首要气候因素

Figure 6 Partial correlation coefficient between NEP and climatic factors and primary climatic factors at each pixel in Inner Mongolia from 2001 to 2020

表3 3种植被类型年NEP与气候因子的平均二阶偏相关系数

Table 3 Average second-order partial correlation coefficient between annual NEP and meteorological factors of vegetation types

气候因子	森林	草地	耕地
NEP-温度	0.02	-0.15	-0.08
NEP-降水	0.39	0.49	0.10
NEP-太阳辐射	0.28	0.20	0.30

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2001-2020年内蒙古植被碳源/碳汇时空动态及对气候因子的响应

Spatial-temporal Dynamics of Vegetation Carbon Sources/sinks in Inner Mongolia from 2001 to 2020 and Its Response to Climate Change

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