茂兰喀斯特森林不同群落类型植物多样性与土壤理化性质的关系

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2026.06.008

生态环境学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (6): 909-921.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2026.06.008

茂兰喀斯特森林不同群落类型植物多样性与土壤理化性质的关系

冯梦琪(), 龙翠玲^*(), 袁荣利, 李娟

贵州师范大学地理与环境科学学院，贵州贵阳 550025

收稿日期:2025-09-04 修回日期:2026-01-05 接受日期:2026-02-13 出版日期:2026-06-18 发布日期:2026-06-08
通讯作者: * 龙翠玲，E-mail: longcuiling898@163.com
作者简介:冯梦琪（2001年生），女，硕士研究生，主要从事自然地理学研究。E-mail: 13677942141@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31660107);黔科合平台人才项目“退化喀斯特区土壤环境演变机制研究”([2020]6010-2);“茂兰喀斯特森林植物功能群凋落物动态及土壤环境响应机制研究”([2017]5726-45)

Relationship between Plant Diversity and Soil Physical and Chemical Properties in Different Stands of Maolan Karst Forest

FENG Mengqi(), LONG Cuiling^*(), YUAN Rongli, LI Juan

School of Geography and Environment Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China

Received:2025-09-04 Revised:2026-01-05 Accepted:2026-02-13 Online:2026-06-18 Published:2026-06-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为深入了解喀斯特森林植物多样性与土壤理化性质的关系，该研究以茂兰喀斯特森林中的青冈栎-皱叶海桐林（Cyclobalanopsis glauca-Pittosporum crispulum）（CP）、轮叶木姜子-球核荚蒾林（Litsea verticillata-Viburnum propinquum）（LV）、香港四照花-卫矛林（Cornus hongkongensis-Euonymus alatus）（CE）为研究对象，采用单因素方差分析，冗余分析等方法研究不同群落类型植物多样性和土壤理化性质的差异，并探讨两者之间的关系，旨在为喀斯特森林生物多样性保护和生态功能维持提供理论依据。结果表明，1）不同群落植物多样性指标差异显著，整体表现为CP>CE>LV，其中，CP的香农-维纳指数、Pielou指数、功能丰富度、功能均匀度和胸径多样性指数显著高于LV，LV的Simpson优势度和功能离散度最高。2）3种群落的土壤有机质（SOM）、全氮（TN）、全磷（TP）、全钾（TK）、速效钾（AK）、土壤容重（Bd）、土壤含水量（SWC）之间差异性显著，土壤pH差异不显著，其中CP的SOM、TP、TN、SWC最高，LV的Bd最高，CE的TK最高，CP土壤属性最优，LV土壤最贫瘠。3）冗余分析及蒙特卡洛置换检验结果显示，3种群落的土壤理化性质对植物多样性的解释量均在75%以上，其中，SOM、AK、TN、TK、Bd与植物多样性存在显著关联性。该研究揭示了植物-土壤相互影响机制，在岩石裸露率高、土壤贫瘠的喀斯特区域，可优先种植如皱叶海桐、球核荚蒾和卫矛等耐贫瘠、根系发达的灌木树种进行土壤改良，以降低土壤容重，减少水土流失；在土壤环境改善后，可逐步引入青冈栎、轮叶木姜子和香港四照花等乔木树种，以优化群落结构，提高群落植物多样性，增强生态系统的稳定性和服务功能。

关键词: 喀斯特森林, 物种多样性, 功能多样性, 结构多样性, 土壤理化性质

Abstract:

In order to further understand the relationship between plant diversity and soil physical and chemical properties in karst forests, this study took Cyclobalanopsis glauca-Pittosporum crispatum forest (CP), Litsea verticillata-Viburnum sibiricum forest (LV), and Cornus hongkongense-Euonymus fortunei forest (CE) in Maolan Karst Forest as the research objects. One-way ANOVA, redundancy analysis and other methods were used to study the differences in plant diversity and soil physical and chemical properties in different forest stands, and to explore the relationship between them, providing a theoretical basis for the protection of biodiversity and the maintenance of ecological functions in karst forests. The results showed that: 1) there were significant differences in plant diversity indexes among different community types, and the overall performance followed the trend: CP>CE>LV. Among them, the Shannon-Wiener Index, Pielou Index, functional richness, functional evenness and DBH Diversity Index of CP were significantly higher than those of LV, and the Simpson dominance and functional dispersion of LV were the highest. 2) There were significant differences in soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK), available potassium (AK), soil bulk density (Bd) and soil water content (SWC) among the three forest communities, but there was no significant difference in soil pH. Among them, SOM, TP, TN and SWC of CP were the highest, Bd of LV was the highest, TK of CE was the highest, CP soil property was the best, and LV soil was the poorest. 3) The results of redundancy analysis and Monte Carlo permutation test showed that the soil physical and chemical properties of the three community types explained more than 75% of the plant diversity. Among them, SOM, AK, TN, TK and Bd were significantly correlated with plant diversity. This study reveals the mechanism of plant-soil interaction. In the karst area with high rock exposure rate and poor soil, shrub species such as Pittosporum crispatum, Viburnum bulrushii and Euonymus alatus can be preferentially planted for soil improvement to reduce soil bulk density and reduce soil erosion. After the improvement of soil environment, tree species such as Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Litsea verticillata and Dendrobenthamia hongkongensis can be gradually introduced to optimize community structure, improve community plant diversity, and enhance ecosystem stability and service functions.

Key words: Karst forest, species diversity, functional diversity, structural diversity, soil physical and chemical properties

中图分类号:

Q948
X176

冯梦琪, 龙翠玲, 袁荣利, 李娟. 茂兰喀斯特森林不同群落类型植物多样性与土壤理化性质的关系[J]. 生态环境学报, 2026, 35(6): 909-921.

FENG Mengqi, LONG Cuiling, YUAN Rongli, LI Juan. Relationship between Plant Diversity and Soil Physical and Chemical Properties in Different Stands of Maolan Karst Forest[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2026, 35(6): 909-921.

图/表 8

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群落类型	海拔/m	坡度/°	岩石裸露率/%	枯落物厚度/cm	主要物种
CP	700－850	5－15	20－30	5－10	青冈栎（Cyclobalanopsis glauca）、狭叶润楠（Machilus rehderi）、四照花（Cornus kousa）、香港四照花（Cornus hongkongensis）、皱叶海桐（Pittosporum crispulum）、革叶铁榄（Sinosideroxylon wightianum）、南天竹（Nandina domestica）、石岩枫（Mallotus repandus）
LV	750－800	15－45	50－60	3－8	轮叶木姜子（Litsea verticillata）、巴东荚蒾（Viburnum henryi）、翅荚香槐（Platyosprion platycarpum）、香港四照花（ Cornus hongkongensis）、球核荚蒾（Viburnum propinquum）、南天竹（Nandina domestica）、长梗罗伞（Brassaiopsis glomerulata）、革叶铁榄（Sinosideroxylon wightianum）
CE	800－850	15－25	30－40	3－9	香港四照花（Cornus hongkongensis）、四照花（Cornus kousa）、狭叶润楠（Machilus rehderi）、翅荚香槐（Platyosprion platycarpum）、卫矛（Euonymus alatus）、南天竹（Nandina domestica）、革叶铁榄（Sinosideroxylon wightianum）、皱叶海桐（Pittosporum crispulum）

群落类型	海拔/m	坡度/°	岩石裸露率/%	枯落物厚度/cm	主要物种
CP	700－850	5－15	20－30	5－10	青冈栎（Cyclobalanopsis glauca）、狭叶润楠（Machilus rehderi）、四照花（Cornus kousa）、香港四照花（Cornus hongkongensis）、皱叶海桐（Pittosporum crispulum）、革叶铁榄（Sinosideroxylon wightianum）、南天竹（Nandina domestica）、石岩枫（Mallotus repandus）
LV	750－800	15－45	50－60	3－8	轮叶木姜子（Litsea verticillata）、巴东荚蒾（Viburnum henryi）、翅荚香槐（Platyosprion platycarpum）、香港四照花（ Cornus hongkongensis）、球核荚蒾（Viburnum propinquum）、南天竹（Nandina domestica）、长梗罗伞（Brassaiopsis glomerulata）、革叶铁榄（Sinosideroxylon wightianum）
CE	800－850	15－25	30－40	3－9	香港四照花（Cornus hongkongensis）、四照花（Cornus kousa）、狭叶润楠（Machilus rehderi）、翅荚香槐（Platyosprion platycarpum）、卫矛（Euonymus alatus）、南天竹（Nandina domestica）、革叶铁榄（Sinosideroxylon wightianum）、皱叶海桐（Pittosporum crispulum）

群落类型	叶面积/ cm²	比叶面积/ (cm²·g⁻¹)	叶厚度/ mm	叶组织密度/ (g·cm⁻³)	叶干物质质量分数/ (g·g⁻¹)	叶氮质量分数/ (g·kg⁻¹)	叶磷质量分数/ (g·kg⁻¹)	氮磷比
CP	36.32±3.25b	205.07±7.92b	0.16±0.01a	0.39±0.01a	0.35±0.02b	18.50±0.53b	1.49±0.14a	15.62±1.08b
LV	47.16±7.66a	225.50±9.50a	0.15±0.01a	0.40±0.01a	0.42±0.02a	20.08±1.54a	1.13±0.07b	20.36±2.61a
CE	45.90±5.05a	200.55±23.25b	0.16±0.02a	0.41±0.03a	0.38±0.05b	19.73±2.44ab	1.18±0.05b	17.97±0.96a

群落类型	叶面积/ cm²	比叶面积/ (cm²·g⁻¹)	叶厚度/ mm	叶组织密度/ (g·cm⁻³)	叶干物质质量分数/ (g·g⁻¹)	叶氮质量分数/ (g·kg⁻¹)	叶磷质量分数/ (g·kg⁻¹)	氮磷比
CP	36.32±3.25b	205.07±7.92b	0.16±0.01a	0.39±0.01a	0.35±0.02b	18.50±0.53b	1.49±0.14a	15.62±1.08b
LV	47.16±7.66a	225.50±9.50a	0.15±0.01a	0.40±0.01a	0.42±0.02a	20.08±1.54a	1.13±0.07b	20.36±2.61a
CE	45.90±5.05a	200.55±23.25b	0.16±0.02a	0.41±0.03a	0.38±0.05b	19.73±2.44ab	1.18±0.05b	17.97±0.96a

群落类型	pH	w_(SOM)/(g·kg⁻¹)	w_(TN)/(g·kg⁻¹)	w_(TP)/(g·kg⁻¹)	w_(TK)/(g·kg⁻¹)	w_(AK)/(mg·kg⁻¹)	BD/(g·cm⁻³)	SWC/%
CP	7.06±0.35a	179.4±32.35a	9.08±1.15a	3.66±0.25a	7.96±1.64b	193.91±26.30a	1.05±0.18ab	59.48±1.69a
LV	6.93±0.50a	97.09±14.01c	6.93±1.19c	2.01±0.32c	7.24±0.85b	139.12±19.32b	1.17±0.05a	34.1±1.15c
CE	7.03±0.21a	128.36±21.25b	7.82±0.97b	3.07±0.39b	11.46±1.34a	173.09±24.80a	0.97±0.10b	45.355±0.68b

茂兰喀斯特森林不同群落类型植物多样性与土壤理化性质的关系

Relationship between Plant Diversity and Soil Physical and Chemical Properties in Different Stands of Maolan Karst Forest

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群落类型	环境因子	物种多样性			功能多样性			结构多样性
群落类型	环境因子	解释量/%	F	p	解释量/%	F	p	解释量/%	F	p
CP	pH	1.3	0.1	0.791	7.9	1.9	0.240	3.1	0.7	0.508
	SOM	8.6	1.2	0.301	18.9	2.8	0.032	1.8	0.4	0.680
	TN	12	2.0	0.199	6.2	2.1	0.312	2.7	0.4	0.710
	TP	0.3	<0.1	0.935	12.6	2.2	0.114	4.0	1.0	0.428
	TK	2.2	0.3	0.665	7.1	1.4	0.290	11.0	3.4	0.244
	AK	35.7	4.4	0.066	33.4	4	0.018	24.8	6.2	0.040
	Bd	13.3	1.8	0.209	7.9	1.5	0.214	47.1	7.1	0.010
	SWC	6.4	0.9	0.442	3.1	1.1	0.492	2.1	0.4	0.674
LV	pH	3.7	0.7	0.496	6.8	0.9	0.458	1.3	1.0	0.432
	SOM	7.8	1.5	0.220	8.6	1.1	0.466	11.5	4.0	0.071
	TN	54.3	9.5	0.002	10.7	1.3	0.456	9.4	5.9	0.037
	TP	4.3	0.9	0.430	5.1	0.5	0.650	16.6	4.0	0.065
	TK	1.4	0.2	0.778	3.3	0.4	0.706	1.3	0.9	0.513
	AK	7.6	1.4	0.288	11.9	1.7	0.234	54.6	9.6	0.007
	Bd	6.8	1.4	0.302	28.3	3.2	0.042	1.9	1.4	0.288
	SWC	1.2	<0.1	0.854	16.7	2.1	0.168	2.1	1.4	0.282
CE	pH	0.2	<0.1	0.947	2.1	0.5	0.69	11	15.5	0.092
	SOM	3.6	0.4	0.631	16.7	2.3	0.070	8.2	0.8	0.409
	TN	5.8	0.9	0.400	2.5	0.4	0.704	9.4	0.9	0.354
	TP	10.8	1.7	0.255	3.7	0.9	0.456	29.5	5.0	0.134
	TK	6.3	0.8	0.403	33.1	4	0.028	4.1	0.3	0.627
	AK	10.7	1.5	0.260	8.2	2.3	0.154	10.5	1.1	0.343
	Bd	40.1	5.4	0.044	13.0	2.9	0.046	21.2	2.2	0.162
	SWC	6.2	0.9	0.398	14.7	2.5	0.100	5.3	0.5	0.544

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