珠江广州河段粪便污染和溶解有机质的来源解析及分布特征

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2025.09.012

生态环境学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (9): 1452-1462.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2025.09.012

• 研究论文【环境科学】 • 上一篇下一篇

珠江广州河段粪便污染和溶解有机质的来源解析及分布特征

蒋凯¹^,²(), 柯常栋²^,³^,^*(), 王丽萍⁴, 李朋辉⁵, 赖迪智⁴, 张杨², 吴永洁², 吴仁人², 肖利平¹^,^*()

1.湘潭大学环境与资源学院，湖南湘潭 411105
2.生态环境部华南环境科学研究所/生态环境部水环境模拟与污染控制重点实验室，广东广州 510535
3.华南理工大学/工业聚集区污染控制与生态修复教育部重点实验室，广东广州 510006
4.广东省广州生态环境监测中心站，广东广州 511400
5.中山大学海洋科学学院，广东珠海 519082

收稿日期:2025-01-16 出版日期:2025-09-18 发布日期:2025-09-05
通讯作者: *柯常栋。E-mail: ke.cd@foxmail.com；肖利平。E-mail: xiaoliping@xtu.edu.cn
作者简介:蒋凯（2000年生），男，硕士研究生，从事微生物污染源解析研究。E-mail: Jkai2000@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42407366);中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2024M752163);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项资助(PM-zx703-202406-165);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项资助(PM-zx703-202406-236);广州市科技计划项目(202201011440)

Source Analysis and Distribution Characteristics of Fecal Pollution and Dissolved Organic Matter in the Guangzhou Section of the Pearl River

JIANG Kai¹^,²(), KE Changdong²^,³^,^*(), WANG Liping⁴, LI Penghui⁵, LAI Dizhi⁴, ZHANG Yang², WU Yongjie², WU Renren², XIAO Liping¹^,^*()

1. School of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, P. R. China
2. South China Institute of Environmental Sciences/Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, P. R. China
3. The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education/South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
4. Guangzhou Ecological Environment Monitoring Center Station, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510655, P. R. China
5. School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, P. R. China

Received:2025-01-16 Online:2025-09-18 Published:2025-09-05

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 准确识别粪便污染与溶解有机质（DOM）污染的来源对于水质管理和生态环境健康至关重要。采用荧光定量聚合酶链式反应（qPCR）、三维荧光光谱（3D-EEM）结合平行因子分析法（PARAFAC）解析了珠江广州河段的粪便污染与DOM的来源和分布特征，以及它们之间的潜在联系。结果发现珠江广州河段人源拟杆菌标记物（BacHum）和噬菌体标记物（CPQ_064）的平均检测浓度分别为 (4.56±0.58)、(4.18±0.56) log₁₀（gene copies/100 mL），未检测出其他宿主来源的粪便污染标记物，表明珠江广州河段的粪便污染以人源粪便污染为主。3D-EEM-PARAFAC确定了3种主要DOM组分，即微生物类腐殖质（C1），类色氨酸（C2），陆源类腐殖质（C3）；DOM在枯水期和平水期主要来源于内源输入，丰水期以外源输入为主。在丰水期时粪便和DOM污染更为严重，且均沿珠江广州河段的流向呈现先递增后降低的变化趋势。利用Pearson相关性分析，发现BacHum、CPQ_064与C1、C2和C3呈强显著正相关（p<0.001），总磷（TP）、氨氮（NH₃-N）与BacHum和CPQ_064均呈正相关性（p<0.05），表明它们具有污染同源性，可以利用3D-EEM分析作为粪便污染的预检测手段，能够经济、有效和及时地评估水体的粪便污染。该研究可为水体污染控制与管理提供有力的技术指导。

关键词: 粪便污染, 溶解性有机质, 污染源解析, 分布特征, 珠江广州河段

Abstract:

Accurately identifying the sources of fecal contamination and dissolved organic matter (DOM) pollution is critical for water quality management and maintaining ecosystem health. Fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy (3D-EEM), and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) were used to analyze the sources of fecal pollution and DOM, their distribution characteristics in the Guangzhou section of the Pearl River, and the potential relationship between them. The results showed that the average detection concentrations of the human-associated Bacteroides marker (BacHum) and crAssphage marker (CPQ_064) in the Guangzhou section of the Pearl River were (4.56±0.58) and (4.18±0.56) log₁₀ (gene copies/100 mL), respectively. No fecal markers from other sources were detected, indicating that fecal pollution in this section of the river originated from human feces. The 3D-EEM-PARAFAC analysis identified three primary DOM components: microbially-derived humic substances (C1), tryptophan-like substances (C2), and terrestrial derived humic substances (C3). In the dry and calm seasons, DOM was predominantly derived from endogenous inputs, whereas terrestrial inputs became the main source during the wet season. During the wet season, both fecal and DOM pollution were more severe. Along the flow direction of the Guangzhou section of the Pearl River, the levels of fecal matter and DOM pollution first increased and then decreased. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed strong and significant positive correlations between BacHum, CPQ_064, and C1, C2, and C3 (p<0.001). There was also a positive correlation between total phosphorus (TP), ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N), BacHum, and CPQ_064 (p<0.05), indicating that they exhibited pollution homology. The positive correlations between fecal markers and DOM components suggest that 3D-EEM analysis can be used as a cost-effective and timely pre-detection method for detecting fecal pollution in water. This study provides new insights into the sources, distribution, and relationships between fecal pollution and DOM in the Guangzhou section of the Pearl River and serves as a strong technical guide for water pollution control and management in this region.

Key words: fecal pollution, dissolved organic matter, pollution source analysis, distribution characteristics, Guangzhou section of Pearl River

中图分类号:

X522

蒋凯, 柯常栋, 王丽萍, 李朋辉, 赖迪智, 张杨, 吴永洁, 吴仁人, 肖利平. 珠江广州河段粪便污染和溶解有机质的来源解析及分布特征[J]. 生态环境学报, 2025, 34(9): 1452-1462.

JIANG Kai, KE Changdong, WANG Liping, LI Penghui, LAI Dizhi, ZHANG Yang, WU Yongjie, WU Renren, XIAO Liping. Source Analysis and Distribution Characteristics of Fecal Pollution and Dissolved Organic Matter in the Guangzhou Section of the Pearl River[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2025, 34(9): 1452-1462.

图/表 10

图1 珠江广州河段采样点位分布本图基于审图号为GS（2022）1873号的标准地图绘制；底图边界无修改

Figure 1 Distribution map of sampling points in the Guangzhou section of the Pearl River

表1 粪便污染标记物的引物信息

Table 1 Primer information for the fecal pollution markers

标记物	引物	序列（5’→3’）	参考文献
AllBac	AllBac296f	GAGAGGAAGGTCCCCCAC	Layton et al.,2006
AllBac	AllBac412r	CGCTACTTGGCTGGTTCAG	Layton et al.,2006
E.coli	EC23S857F	GGTAGAGCACTGTTTTGGCA	Chern et al.,2011
E.coli	EC23S857R	TGTCTCCCGTGATAACTTTCTC	Chern et al.,2011
BacHum	BacHum-160-f	TGAGTTCACATGTCCGCATGA	Zhang et al.,2021
BacHum	BacHum-241-r	CGTTACCCCGCCTACTATCTAATG	Zhang et al.,2021
CPQ_064	064F1	TGTATAGATGCTGCTGCAACTGTACTC	Stachler et al.,2018
CPQ_064	064R1	CGTTGTTTTCATCTTTATCTTGTCCAT	Stachler et al.,2018
P.ND5	P.ND5-f	ACAGCTGCACTACAAGCAATGC	Zhang et al.,2020a
P.ND5	P.ND5-r	GGATGTAGTCCGAATTGAGCTGATTAT	Zhang et al.,2020a
Rum-2-Bac	BacB2-590-f	ACAGCCCGCGATTGATACTGGTAA	Zhang et al.,2020a
Rum-2-Bac	Bac708Rm	CAATCGGAGTTCTTCGTGAT	Zhang et al.,2020a
GFD	GFD-f	TCGGCTGAGCACTCTAGGG	Zhang et al.,2020a
GFD	GFD-r	GCGTCTCTTTGTACATCCCA	Zhang et al.,2020a

表2 不同时期的水质变化情况

Table 2 Changes in water quality over time mg·L?1

时期	溶解氧	化学需氧量	氨氮	总磷	总氮
枯水期	5.20±0.70a	11.93±1.49a	0.17±0.12b	0.12±0.03a	5.16±0.56a
丰水期	4.95±1.28a	8.85±2.38b	0.47±0.30a	0.13±0.04a	2.81±0.49c
平水期	5.17±0.42a	9.07±1.64b	0.15±0.12b	0.13±0.03a	3.85±0.62b

图2 珠江广州河段标记物检出水平

Figure 2 The detected levels of markers in the Guangzhou section of the Pearl River

图3 珠江广州河段不同水文时期的标记物浓度差异不同小写字母之间表示标记物浓度存在显著差异（p<0.05）

Figure 3 Differences in marker concentrations during different hydrological periods in the Guangzhou section of the Pearl River

图4 珠江广州河段粪便污染标记物的浓度分布

Figure 4 Concentration distribution of fecal pollution markers in the Guangzhou section of the Pearl River

表3 不同时期的DOM荧光指数

Table 3 DOM fluorescence index at different times

时期	荧光指数	生物指数	腐殖化指数
枯水期	1.93±0.04a	1.13±0.13a	1.46±0.24c
丰水期	1.64±0.03c	0.85±0.06c	3.14±0.55a
平水期	1.78±0.09b	0.98±0.04b	2.12±0.52b

图5 DOM荧光光谱图

Figure 5 DOM fluorescence spectra

图6 DOM荧光强度变化

Figure 6 Change in DOM fluorescence intensity

图7 DOM、粪便污染标记物与各项环境因子之间的相关性分析 *、**和***分别表示p<0.05、p<0.01和p<0.001水平相关性显著

Figure 7 Correlation analysis between DOM, fecal pollution markers and various environmental factors

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珠江广州河段粪便污染和溶解有机质的来源解析及分布特征

Source Analysis and Distribution Characteristics of Fecal Pollution and Dissolved Organic Matter in the Guangzhou Section of the Pearl River

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