湖北省部分地区土壤中放射性核素分布规律及健康风险分析

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2025.08.002

生态环境学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (8): 1172-1181.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2025.08.002

• “核污染与生态系统安全”研究专栏 • 上一篇下一篇

湖北省部分地区土壤中放射性核素分布规律及健康风险分析

李少婷¹(), 张乐², 卢奕夫¹, 肖李翔¹, 郭灿³, 张兆威³^,⁴^,^*()

1.湖北省核与辐射环境监测技术中心，湖北武汉 430070
2.西藏大学生态环境学院/青藏高原生物多样性与生态环境保护教育部重点实验室，西藏拉萨 850000
3.中国农业科学院油料作物研究所/湖北洪山实验室，湖北武汉 430062
4.武汉纺织大学，湖北武汉 430200

收稿日期:2025-02-06 出版日期:2025-08-18 发布日期:2025-08-01
通讯作者: *E-mail: zwzhang@whu.edu.cn
作者简介:李少婷（1980年生），女，正高级工程师，硕士，研究方向为辐射环境监测。E-mail: 86750641@qq.com
基金资助:
生态环境部全国辐射环境监测项目(JC202318)

Distribution and Health Risk Analysis of Radioactive Nuclides in Soil in Some Areas of Hubei Province

LI Shaoting¹(), ZHANG Le², LU Yifu¹, XIAO Lixiang¹, GUO Can³, ZHANG Zhaowei³^,⁴^,^*()

1. Nuclear and Radiation Environmental Monitoring Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
2. Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Environment on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Education/School of Ecology and Environment, Xizang University, Lhasa, 850000, P. R. China
3. Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China
4. School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, P. R. China

Received:2025-02-06 Online:2025-08-18 Published:2025-08-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤是放射性核素向环境转移的主要辐射源之一。用GC6020高纯锗γ能谱仪对2017－2022年湖北省14个地区土壤中的γ放射性核素进行了调查，选取土壤中的5种核素（¹³⁷Cs、²³⁸U、²³²Th、²²⁶Ra和⁴⁰K）作为研究对象，分析核素的质量活度和分布规律，估算等效镭比活度、外照射指数、γ辐射剂量当量率、年有效剂量当量率和终生癌症风险。84份样品中⁴⁰K、¹³⁷Cs、²²⁶Ra、²³²Th和²³⁸U的质量活度平均值分别为567、1.04、30.3、47.1和39.6 Bq∙kg⁻¹（以干物计）。对土壤中¹³⁷Cs和⁴⁰K质量活度的相关性进行了详细分析。经计算，等效镭比活度平均值为141 Bq∙kg⁻¹，外照射指数平均值为0.38，γ辐射剂量当量率平均值为65.9 nGy∙h⁻¹，年有效剂量当量率平均值为80.9 μSv∙a⁻¹，终生癌症风险平均值为0.32×10⁻³。将土壤中放射性核素质量活度计算得出的γ辐射剂量当量率与2022年湖北省大气辐射自动监测站测量的数据进行比较，验证了研究土壤中放射性核素测量的可靠性。

关键词: 湖北, 土壤, 核素, 剂量, 分布, 放射性, 风险

Abstract:

Soil is one of the main sources of radionuclide transfer to the environment. Using a GC6020 high-purity germanium γ spectrometer, we investigated γ-emitting nuclides in soil samples from 2017 to 2022 in 14 districts in Hubei Province. Five γ-emitting nuclides (¹³⁷Cs, ²³⁸U, ²³²Th, ²²⁶Ra, and ⁴⁰K) were analyzed. We analyzed the massic activity and distribution patterns of these nuclides and estimated the equivalent Ra activity, external exposure index, γ-radiation dose rate, annual effective dose rate, and lifetime of cancer risk. The average massic activities of ⁴⁰K, ¹³⁷Cs, ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th, and ²³⁸U in the 84 samples were 567, 1.04, 30.3, 47.1, and 39.6 Bq∙kg⁻¹ (dry), respectively. The correlation between the ¹³⁷Cs and ⁴⁰K activity concentrations in the soil was analyzed. The average calculated equivalent Ra activity was 141 Bq∙kg⁻¹. The average external exposure index was 0.38. The average dose rate of γ radiation was 65.9 nGy∙h⁻¹. The average annual effective dose rate was 80.9 μSv∙a⁻¹. The average lifetime cancer risk was 0.32×10⁻³. The radiation dose rate calculated by radionuclide massic activity in soil was compared with the data measured by atmospheric radiation automatic monitoring stations in Hubei Province in 2022, which verified the reliability of radionuclide measurements in soil.

Key words: Hubei, soil, nuclides, dose, distribution, radioactivity, risk

中图分类号:

李少婷, 张乐, 卢奕夫, 肖李翔, 郭灿, 张兆威. 湖北省部分地区土壤中放射性核素分布规律及健康风险分析[J]. 生态环境学报, 2025, 34(8): 1172-1181.

LI Shaoting, ZHANG Le, LU Yifu, XIAO Lixiang, GUO Can, ZHANG Zhaowei. Distribution and Health Risk Analysis of Radioactive Nuclides in Soil in Some Areas of Hubei Province[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2025, 34(8): 1172-1181.

图/表 13

参考文献 47

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核素	半衰期/ d	质量活度/ (Bq∙g⁻¹)	核素	半衰期/ d	质量活度/ (Bq∙g⁻¹)
²⁴¹Am	1.580×10⁵	1.084×10¹	⁸⁵Sr	6.485×10	1.095×10¹
¹⁰⁹Cd	4.614×10²	1.509×10²	¹³⁷Cs	1.099×10⁴	4.054×10⁰
⁵⁷Co	2.717×10²	2.959×10⁰	⁵⁴Mn	3.121×10²	7.024×10⁰
¹⁰⁹Ce	1.376×10²	3.979 ×10⁰	⁸⁸Y	1.066×10²	1.190×10¹
⁵¹Cr	2.770×10	1.396×10²	⁶⁵Zn	2.439×10²	1.313×10¹
¹¹³Sn	1.151×10²	7.119×10⁰	⁶⁰Co	1.925×10³	7.018×10⁰

核素	半衰期/ d	质量活度/ (Bq∙g⁻¹)	核素	半衰期/ d	质量活度/ (Bq∙g⁻¹)
²⁴¹Am	1.580×10⁵	1.084×10¹	⁸⁵Sr	6.485×10	1.095×10¹
¹⁰⁹Cd	4.614×10²	1.509×10²	¹³⁷Cs	1.099×10⁴	4.054×10⁰
⁵⁷Co	2.717×10²	2.959×10⁰	⁵⁴Mn	3.121×10²	7.024×10⁰
¹⁰⁹Ce	1.376×10²	3.979 ×10⁰	⁸⁸Y	1.066×10²	1.190×10¹
⁵¹Cr	2.770×10	1.396×10²	⁶⁵Zn	2.439×10²	1.313×10¹
¹¹³Sn	1.151×10²	7.119×10⁰	⁶⁰Co	1.925×10³	7.018×10⁰

统计函数	⁴⁰K	¹³⁷Cs	²²⁶Ra	²³²Th	²³⁸U
平均数/(Bq∙kg⁻¹)	567	1.04	30.3	47.1	39.6
中位数/(Bq∙kg⁻¹)	584.50	0.63	29.00	47.00	39.50
标准偏差/(Bq∙kg⁻¹)	151.87	1.12	8.18	10.48	11.54
偏态系数	−0.65	2.37	0.90	−0.18	0.52
峰度	0.16	5.06	1.57	0.09	0.73

统计函数	⁴⁰K	¹³⁷Cs	²²⁶Ra	²³²Th	²³⁸U
平均数/(Bq∙kg⁻¹)	567	1.04	30.3	47.1	39.6
中位数/(Bq∙kg⁻¹)	584.50	0.63	29.00	47.00	39.50
标准偏差/(Bq∙kg⁻¹)	151.87	1.12	8.18	10.48	11.54
偏态系数	−0.65	2.37	0.90	−0.18	0.52
峰度	0.16	5.06	1.57	0.09	0.73

地点	质量活度/(Bq∙kg⁻¹)					参考文献
地点	²³⁸U	²³²Th	²²⁶Ra	⁴⁰K	¹³⁷Cs	参考文献
Quebec，加拿大					0.2－212（38）	Blagoeva et al.,1995
Aog，保加利亚					85.7－2543	Zhiyanski et al.,2007
Punjab，巴基斯坦		42－53（47）	34－43（39）	532－621（569）		Faheem et al.,2008
Kelantan，马来西亚			49－251（145）	491－2496（908）		Hamzah et al.,2012
Azad Kashmir，巴基斯坦		28－73（44）	13－60（31）	250－896（575）	2－69（15）	Rafique et al.,2013
Isparta，土耳其		3－66（15）	4－69（16）	44－452（211）	0.3－19（3）	Kürkçüoğlu et al.,2024
Kano，尼日利亚		50－122（72）	41－102（65）	253－1227（681）		Muhammad et al.,2024
West Bengal，印度		7－22（17）	24－34（29）	461－610（518）		Sharma et al.,2023
也门		33－211	28－81	ND－1235		Maglas et al.,2024
Phosphate area，突尼斯		<0.1－43.5（13）	5－56（27）	103－529（264）		Machraoui et al.,2024
Rajasthan，印度		40－71（55）	13－36（24）	294－781（549）		Rani et al.,2015
土耳其	2－220（29）	1－159（33）		26－1603（449）	1－357（13）	Turhan et al.,2012
全球中位数	16－110（35）	11－64（30）	17－60（35）	140－850（400）		UNSCEAR,2000
人口加权平均数	33	45	32	420		UNSCEAR,2000
广东珠江流域	14－180（73）	31－306（103）	20－215（69）	92－1910（535）	<0.4－5.6（0.7）	马婷婷等,2023
成都	21－31（29）	49－56（52）	34－39（36）	521－594		刘合凡等,2014
内蒙古	14－43（26）	16－58（36）	13－38（25）	485－929（692）		王玮等,2025
湖北	11－71（39.6）	15－67（47.1）	13－55（30.3）	202－876（567）	0.3－6（1.04）

湖北省部分地区土壤中放射性核素分布规律及健康风险分析

Distribution and Health Risk Analysis of Radioactive Nuclides in Soil in Some Areas of Hubei Province

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参数	⁴⁰K	¹³⁷Cs	²²⁶Ra	²³²Th	²³⁸U
⁴⁰K	1.000
¹³⁷Cs	−0.456	1.000
²²⁶Ra	0.042	0.001	1.000
²³²Th	0.023	0.025	0.490	1.000
²³⁸U	0.006	0.018	0.441	0.538	1.000

区域	剂量当量率/ (nGy∙h⁻¹)	年有效剂量当量率/ (μSv∙a⁻¹)	终生癌症风险/ 10⁻³	外照射指数
武汉	51.41	63.05	0.25	0.31
黄石	61.65	75.61	0.30	0.36
十堰	66.99	82.16	0.32	0.38
宜昌	58.76	72.06	0.28	0.34
襄阳	80.40	98.60	0.39	0.46
鄂州	72.36	88.74	0.35	0.42
荆门	71.71	87.95	0.34	0.42
孝感	67.65	82.97	0.32	0.39
荆州	63.74	78.17	0.30	0.36
黄冈	68.34	83.82	0.33	0.39
咸宁	69.26	84.93	0.33	0.41
随州	64.36	78.93	0.31	0.37
恩施	54.11	66.37	0.26	0.31
神农架	74.65	91.55	0.36	0.43
平均值	65.9	80.9	0.32	0.38

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