基于两地长期定位试验的铁改性木本泥炭修复中轻度镉砷污染稻田效果与土壤健康效应评价

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2025.04.010

生态环境学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (4): 608-620.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2025.04.010

• 研究论文【环境科学】 • 上一篇下一篇

基于两地长期定位试验的铁改性木本泥炭修复中轻度镉砷污染稻田效果与土壤健康效应评价

崔雪丹¹(), 段桂兰¹, 王向琴², 李志丰², 窦飞², 杜衍红², 袁雨珍², 刘传平², 李芳柏²^,^*()

1.中国科学院生态环境研究中心/城市与区域生态国家重点实验室，北京 100085
2.广东省科学院生态环境与土壤研究所/广东省农业环境综合治理重点实验室，广东广州 510650

收稿日期:2025-01-24 出版日期:2025-04-18 发布日期:2025-04-24
通讯作者: ^*李芳柏。E-mail: cefbli@soil.gd.cn
作者简介:崔雪丹（1998年生），女，博士研究生，研究方向为植物-微生物-重金属相互作用机制探究。E-mail:ax1655680772@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1700804);“十四五”广东省农业科技创新十大主攻方向“揭榜挂帅”项目(2022SDZG08);广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2023B0202010027);广州市重点研发计划项目(2023B03J1286);国家产业产业岗位专家项目(ACRS-19)

Evaluation of the Effects and Soil Health Impacts of Iron-Modified Woody Peat in the Remediation of Moderately Cadmium and Arsenic Contaminated Paddy Fields Based on Multi-Site Long-Term Positioning Experiments

CUI Xuedan¹(), DUAN Guilan¹, WANG Xiangqin², LI Zhifeng², DOU Fei², DU Yanhong², YUAN Yuzhen², LIU Chuanping², LI Fangbai²^,^*()

1. Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, P. R. China
2. Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management/Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, P. R. China

Received:2025-01-24 Online:2025-04-18 Published:2025-04-24

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 农用地重金属污染修复的研究多关注农产品达标率和土壤重金属有效态下降的比例，而对于修复材料影响土壤健康则较少关注。在韶关、惠州两地中轻度镉砷复合污染稻田开展了为期3年6季的定位试验，在每年早稻、晚稻种植前，分别向试验小区施加还原铁粉、木本泥炭和铁改性木本泥炭，研究镉砷同步钝化效果，同时，对测定的所有土壤健康指标按照理化性质（pH、OM、CEC）、重金属含量（稻米Cd、稻米As、土壤有效态Cd、土壤有效态As）及稻米产量进行分组并构建评分函数，评价铁改性木本泥炭对土壤健康的效应。结果表明，与对照相比，施加铁改性木本泥炭可显著降低稻米镉、砷含量，下降率可分别达到47.8%和61.2%；可显著降低土壤有效态Cd、As含量，下降率可分别达到60.4%和69.8%；可显著提高稻米产量，增产率可达17%。同时，施加铁改性木本泥炭提升了土壤pH值、有机碳含量和阳离子交换量（CEC值），3年间，韶关、惠州试验地土壤pH分别平均提升0.35、0.37个单位，有机质分别平均提升0.50、2.02 g·kg⁻¹，CEC值平均提高1.27、1.49 cmol·kg⁻¹，显著地提升了土壤质量。土壤健康指数评价表明，施加铁改性木本泥炭极大地提高了总体健康指数，土壤健康状况达到高等水平以上。尽管惠州试验地的土壤健康指数高于韶关，但铁改性木本泥炭对韶关试验地土壤健康指数的提升更显著，这可能与韶关试验地土壤健康质量指数本底值较低有关。研究结果为铁改性木本泥炭在土壤修复中的长期应用提供了科学依据。

关键词: 镉砷复合污染, 镉砷有效性, 稻米镉砷含量, 铁改性木本泥炭, 土壤健康效应评价, 稻田

Abstract:

The remediation of heavy metal-contaminated agricultural land often prioritizes achieving compliance rates for agricultural products and reducing the bioavailability of heavy metals in the soil. However, comprehensive assessments of soil health impacts induced by remediation materials remain scarce. To address this gap, a three-year, six-season field positioning experiment was conducted in moderately cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) co-contaminated paddy fields across Shaoguan and Huizhou, Guangdong Province. This study evaluated the long-term efficacy and soil health effects of three treatments: reducing iron powder (Fe), woody peat (C), and iron-modified woody peat (Fe-C), applied annually before early and late rice planting. Soil health indicators, including physicochemical properties (pH, organic matter (OM), and cation exchange capacity (CEC)), heavy metal content (rice Cd, rice As, available soil Cd, and available soil As), and rice yield, were systematically monitored. A multi-criteria scoring function was developed to integrate these indicators into a composite Soil Health Index (SHI), enabling a holistic evaluation of remediation outcomes. The results demonstrated that Fe-C application outperformed other treatments, achieving a 47.8% and 61.2% reduction in rice Cd and As contents, respectively, along with a 60.4% and 69.8% decline in soil available Cd and As, respectively. Concurrently, the rice yield increased by 17%, which was attributed to enhanced soil fertility and structural stability. Over three years, Fe-C elevated soil pH by 0.35 and 0.37 units in Shaoguan and Huizhou, respectively, boosted OM by 0.50 and 2.02 g·kg⁻¹, and increased CEC by 1.27 and 1.49 cmol·kg⁻¹. The SHI analysis revealed that Fe-C elevated soil health to a “high” or “very high” level, with those in Shaoguan exhibiting greater improvement than in Huizhou, likely due to its lower baseline soil quality and higher initial heavy metal stress. Mechanistically, Fe-C synergistically combines the adsorption capacity of woody peat-derived humic substances with the redox activity of zero-valent iron, promoting Cd immobilization via pH-dependent precipitation and As sequestration through oxidative adsorption onto iron oxides. Notably, woody peat alone exacerbated As bioavailability owing to the humus-mediated reductive dissolution of As-bearing minerals, whereas Fe-C mitigated this risk by stabilizing As(V) through Fe(III)-As(V) co-precipitation. Regional disparities in remediation efficacy were linked to divergent soil properties; the acidic, low-OM soil showed pronounced responsiveness to pH and CEC enhancements in the field of Shaoguan, whereas the inherently higher OM buffered Cd/As mobility but limited further organic carbon accrual in the field of Huizhou. The scoring framework, incorporating a Gaussian cumulative distribution and sigmoidal functions, provided robust discrimination of treatment effects across heterogeneous soil matrices, although future iterations could benefit from integrating microbial diversity metrics. These findings highlight Fe-C as a sustainable amendment for simultaneous Cd/As immobilization and the restoration of soil health, particularly in moderately contaminated agroecosystems. This study advances practical strategies for reconciling food safety and soil sustainability in heavy-metal-affected regions while highlighting the necessity of context-specific remediation protocols tailored to local pedoenvironmental conditions.

Key words: cadmium and arsenic co-contamination, availability of cadmium and arsenic, cadmium and arsenic content in rice grains, iron-modified woody peat, evaluation of soil health effects, paddy fields

中图分类号:

崔雪丹, 段桂兰, 王向琴, 李志丰, 窦飞, 杜衍红, 袁雨珍, 刘传平, 李芳柏. 基于两地长期定位试验的铁改性木本泥炭修复中轻度镉砷污染稻田效果与土壤健康效应评价[J]. 生态环境学报, 2025, 34(4): 608-620.

CUI Xuedan, DUAN Guilan, WANG Xiangqin, LI Zhifeng, DOU Fei, DU Yanhong, YUAN Yuzhen, LIU Chuanping, LI Fangbai. Evaluation of the Effects and Soil Health Impacts of Iron-Modified Woody Peat in the Remediation of Moderately Cadmium and Arsenic Contaminated Paddy Fields Based on Multi-Site Long-Term Positioning Experiments[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2025, 34(4): 608-620.

图/表 13

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研究区域	有机质质量分数/ (g·kg⁻¹)	总氮质量分数/ (g·kg⁻¹)	有效磷质量分数/ (mg·kg⁻¹)	有效钾质量分数/ (mg·kg⁻¹)	CEC/ (cmol·kg⁻¹)	pH	总Cd质量分数/ (mg·kg⁻¹)	总As质量分数/ (mg·kg⁻¹)	有效态Cd质量分数/ (mg·kg⁻¹)	有效态As质量分数/ (mg·kg⁻¹)
韶关	15.3	1.52	34.5	79.0	10.5	6.93	3.07	90.1	1.26	13.3
惠州	20.2	1.33	77.4	59.8	9.89	5.2	0.35	49.3	0.15	8.05

研究区域	有机质质量分数/ (g·kg⁻¹)	总氮质量分数/ (g·kg⁻¹)	有效磷质量分数/ (mg·kg⁻¹)	有效钾质量分数/ (mg·kg⁻¹)	CEC/ (cmol·kg⁻¹)	pH	总Cd质量分数/ (mg·kg⁻¹)	总As质量分数/ (mg·kg⁻¹)	有效态Cd质量分数/ (mg·kg⁻¹)	有效态As质量分数/ (mg·kg⁻¹)
韶关	15.3	1.52	34.5	79.0	10.5	6.93	3.07	90.1	1.26	13.3
惠州	20.2	1.33	77.4	59.8	9.89	5.2	0.35	49.3	0.15	8.05

处理		韶关地块		惠州地块
处理		Cd	As	Cd	As
CK	平行1	2.98±0.32	88.5±1.78	0.35±0.02	49.3±3.21
	平行2	3.07±0.26	90.1±2.69	0.38±0.03	48.9±2.56
	平行3	2.96±0.12	89.3±0.45	0.37±0.05	49.6±3.39
C	平行1	2.93±0.28	87.2±2.32	0.36±0.01	50.1±2.47
	平行2	2.87±0.19	88.9±1.48	0.35±0.02	49.7±3.52
	平行3	2.99±0.27	88.5±1.32	0.34±0.02	48.6±2.94
Fe	平行1	2.79±0.33	89.1±2.26	0.37±0.04	48.6±4.05
	平行2	2.82±0.10	87.7±1.54	0.33±0.03	47.8±3.33
	平行3	2.94±0.22	89.3±3.51	0.35±0.02	49.2±2.67
Fe-C	平行1	2.78±0.35	88.2±2.94	0.35±0.02	51.7±2.48
	平行2	2.93±0.13	88.4±1.67	0.36±0.01	50.7±3.77
	平行3	3.11±0.08	89.3±2.08	0.36±0.02	48.6±4.14

处理		韶关地块		惠州地块
处理		Cd	As	Cd	As
CK	平行1	2.98±0.32	88.5±1.78	0.35±0.02	49.3±3.21
	平行2	3.07±0.26	90.1±2.69	0.38±0.03	48.9±2.56
	平行3	2.96±0.12	89.3±0.45	0.37±0.05	49.6±3.39
C	平行1	2.93±0.28	87.2±2.32	0.36±0.01	50.1±2.47
	平行2	2.87±0.19	88.9±1.48	0.35±0.02	49.7±3.52
	平行3	2.99±0.27	88.5±1.32	0.34±0.02	48.6±2.94
Fe	平行1	2.79±0.33	89.1±2.26	0.37±0.04	48.6±4.05
	平行2	2.82±0.10	87.7±1.54	0.33±0.03	47.8±3.33
	平行3	2.94±0.22	89.3±3.51	0.35±0.02	49.2±2.67
Fe-C	平行1	2.78±0.35	88.2±2.94	0.35±0.02	51.7±2.48
	平行2	2.93±0.13	88.4±1.67	0.36±0.01	50.7±3.77
	平行3	3.11±0.08	89.3±2.08	0.36±0.02	48.6±4.14

理化指标	区域	不同处理	2016年早造	2016年晚造	2017年早造	2017年晚造	2018年早造	2018年晚造	均值1	均值2	变异系数
pH	韶关	CK	7.34±0.04c	7.23±0.03c	7.26±0.04a	7.36±0.04c	7.33±0.04b	7.36±0.06c	7.31	7.33	4.69
		C	6.94±0.03d	6.98±0.04d	6.81±0.04d	6.72±0.05d	6.77±0.12c	6.59±0.07d	6.80
		Fe	7.53±0.04b	7.51±0.04b	7.40±0.06b	7.51±0.04b	7.62±0.04a	7.56±0.05b	7.52
		Fe-C	7.67±0.02a	7.64±0.03a	7.66±0.10a	7.64±0.02a	7.67±0.06a	7.70±0.03a	7.66
	惠州	CK	5.28±0.05c	5.26±0.03c	5.27±0.05c	5.29±0.03a	5.32±0.04c	5.29±0.05c	5.29	5.32	6.20
		C	4.95±0.01d	4.94±0.02d	4.93±0.04d	4.82±0.06c	4.76±0.10d	4.58±0.08d	4.83
		Fe	5.51±0.07b	5.48±0.05b	5.44±0.06b	5.55±0.04b	5.49±0.08b	5.60±0.07b	5.51
		Fe-C	5.72±0.05a	5.61±0.07a	5.60±0.06a	5.65±0.02a	5.66±0.06a	5.73±0.05a	5.66
OM质量分数/ (g·kg⁻¹)	韶关	CK	16.2±0.8b	16.0±0.7b	15.7±0.2b	15.4±2.0b	15.2±0.0b	14.4±0.5b	15.5	15.65	4.39
		C	16.7±0.7a	16.4±0.1a	16.1±0.5ab	15.6±1.3a	15.3±0.1a	14.7±0.8a	15.8
		Fe	16.2±0.6b	16.0±0.3b	15.7±0.3b	15.3±1.1b	14.7±0.4b	14.4±1.0b	15.4
		Fe-C	16.7±0.3a	16.5±0.3a	16.2±0.1a	15.9±1.9a	15.5±0.3a	15.0±0.3a	16.0
	惠州	CK	19.6±0.7b	20.3±0.9b	20.3±0.3b	20.2±1.2b	19.9±1.4b	19.5±0.7b	20.0	20.90	6.02
		C	20.3±1.0a	21.2±0.6a	21.2±0.2a	22.7±1.1a	20.4±0.2ab	23.0±2.7ab	21.5
		Fe	19.7±1.3b	20.6±2.4b	20.3±1.1b	20.8±0.9b	20.2±1.3ab	19.7±0.4b	20.2
		Fe-C	20.4±0.5a	22.2±1.2a	21.3±1.0a	23.7±3.1a	20.5±0.2a	23.8±1.8a	22.0
CEC/ (cmol·kg⁻¹)	韶关	CK	10.7±0.3b	10.4±0.5b	10.4±0.2b	10.5±0.0b	10.5±0.3b	10.5±0.3b	10.5	11.1	10.4
		C	10.8±0.3a	11.2±0.6a	11.3±0.4a	12.9±0.9a	12.7±0.3a	12.7±1.0a	11.9
		Fe	10.7±0.3b	10.9±0.2ab	7.43±5.26b	10.7±0.5b	10.8±0.2b	10.3±0.4b	10.1
		Fe-C	10.8±0.3a	11.2±0.7a	11.6±0.6a	12.1±0.5a	12.8±0.3a	12.2±0.9a	11.8
	惠州	CK	10.0±0.7b	10.6±1.0b	10.3±1.4b	10.6±0.7b	9.83±0.67b	9.81±0.53b	10.2	10.87	7.90
		C	10.4±1.1a	10.8±1.4a	11.1±1.8ab	11.9±1.8a	11.7±1.5a	12.2±0.6a	11.34
		Fe	9.78±0.90b	10.6±1.3b	10.4±0.6b	10.6±1.2b	9.98±0.65b	10.3±0.5b	10.28
		Fe-C	10.8±0.8a	10.7±0.9a	12.2±1.3a	11.6±1.1a	12.4±3.0a	12.3±1.7a	11.67

基于两地长期定位试验的铁改性木本泥炭修复中轻度镉砷污染稻田效果与土壤健康效应评价

Evaluation of the Effects and Soil Health Impacts of Iron-Modified Woody Peat in the Remediation of Moderately Cadmium and Arsenic Contaminated Paddy Fields Based on Multi-Site Long-Term Positioning Experiments

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重金属含量	区域	不同处理	2016年早造	2016年晚造	2017年早造	2017年晚造	2018年早造	2018年晚造	均值1	均值2	变异系数
土壤有效态Cd质量分数/ (mg·kg⁻¹)	韶关	CK	1.06±0.15a	1.48±0.16a	1.29±0.09a	1.64±0.08a	1.00±0.04a	1.16±0.07a	1.27	1.04	30.2
		C	0.94±0.10a	1.35±0.14a	0.96±0.09b	1.23±0.08c	0.99±0.13a	0.83±0.04b	1.05
		Fe	1.02±0.07a	1.43±0.20a	1.01±0.06b	1.38±0.06b	0.96±0.10a	1.11±0.05a	1.15
		Fe-C	0.42±0.07b	0.94±0.11b	0.53±0.01c	1.07±0.04c	0.40±0.02b	0.74±0.04b	0.68
	惠州	CK	0.15±0.00a	0.17±0.01a	0.16±0.01a	0.17±0.00a	0.17±0.01a	0.18±0.01a	0.17	0.14	19.3
		C	0.13±0.00b	0.14±0.00b	0.11±0.01c	0.14±0.02b	0.17±0.01a	0.15±0.01b	0.14
		Fe	0.12±0.01b	0.13±0.01bc	0.13±0.00b	0.13±0.01b	0.13±0.00b	0.14±0.01bc	0.13
		Fe-C	0.08±0.00c	0.12±0.00b	0.09±0.00d	0.12±0.00b	0.10±0.01c	0.13±0.01c	0.11
土壤有效态As质量分数/ (mg·kg⁻¹)	韶关	CK	12.9±0.7a	11.2±1.0a	14.3±0.4a	13.0±0.4a	12.5±0.7a	12.2±0.9a	12.7	10.1	31.6
		C	13.0±0.8a	12.0±1.0a	12.8±1.1b	12.0±0.3b	12.9±0.7a	12.9±0.1a	12.6
		Fe	9.93±0.65b	8.65±0.28b	9.81±0.62c	9.20±0.45c	9.44±0.45b	8.72±0.58b	9.29
		Fe-C	7.17±0.18c	3.39±0.34c	8.12±0.26d	4.04±0.04d	7.23±0.17c	3.75±0.38c	5.62
	惠州	CK	8.33±0.20b	7.59±0.49b	7.31±0.07b	6.40±0.15b	8.71±0.93a	8.12±0.16b	7.74	6.63	32.8
		C	10.1±0.70a	9.45±0.84a	8.22±0.48a	9.05±0.32a	9.39±0.52a	9.23±0.16a	9.24
		Fe	5.94±0.09c	5.13±0.88c	6.26±0.37c	5.11±0.43c	5.98±0.53b	5.23±0.41c	5.61
		Fe-C	4.79±0.15d	3.32±0.04d	4.02±0.11d	2.87±0.07d	4.87±0.13c	3.64±0.25d	3.92

区域	年份	类型	年内差异			年内差异
区域	年份	类型	Cd降幅/ %	LSD_0.05	LSD_0.01	As降幅/ %	LSD_0.05	LSD_0.01
韶关	2016年	早稻	60.6±3.55	b	B	44.1±1.94	b	B
	2016年	晚稻	36.4±1.06	a	A	69.8±0.59	a	A
	2017年	早稻	58.4±3.63	b	B	43.1±0.36	b	B
	2017年	晚稻	34.7±1.46	a	A	68.9±0.68	a	A
	2018年	早稻	60.3±1.08	b	B	42.0±1.88	b	B
	2018年	晚稻	35.7±0.83	a	A	69.0±5.16	a	A
惠州	2016年	早稻	43.6±2.67	b	B	42.5±3.11	b	B
	2016年	晚稻	28.5±1.99	a	A	56.1±2.91	a	A
	2017年	早稻	40.5±1.72	b	B	45.1±0.93	b	B
	2017年	晚稻	28.7±0.65	a	A	55.1±0.39	a	A
	2018年	早稻	40.7±1.34	b	B	43.7±5.34	b	B
	2018年	晚稻	29.8±1.21	a	A	55.2±2.23	a	A

稻田产量	区域	不同处理	2016年早造	2016年晚造	2017年早造	2017年晚造	2018年早造	2018年晚造	均值1	均值2	变异系数
稻米产量/ (kg·30⁻¹·m⁻²)	韶关	CK	18.63±0.25c	15.67±0.81c	20.37±1.89b	18.13±1.04c	20.93±1.37b	18.83±0.58c	18.76	20.06	10.92
		C	20.20±0.46b	17.87±0.74ab	22.17±1.15ab	19.40±1.37b	23.67±0.76a	21.43±0.75b	20.79
		Fe	18.37±0.45c	16.57±1.10bc	20.03±1.57b	18.77±1.42bc	21.17±1.26b	18.87±0.90c	18.96
		Fe-C	21.47±0.38a	18.20±0.87a	23.60±2.33a	21.10±1.21a	24.13±1.70a	21.93±0.76a	21.74
	惠州	CK	16.36±0.94b	15.65±0.43c	17.44±0.40c	16.19±0.71c	20.03±0.40b	18.13±0.54b	17.30	18.46	10.99
		C	18.75±0.30a	18.15±0.17a	19.30±0.54ab	18.29±0.48b	22.06±1.46a	20.92±1.09a	19.58
		Fe	15.77±1.17b	16.71±0.35b	17.61±1.63bc	15.71±0.41c	18.29±2.19b	16.72±1.12c	16.80
		Fe-C	18.77±1.16a	18.49±0.65a	20.10±0.24a	19.18±0.80a	22.89±0.38a	21.47±0.55a	20.15

重金属含量	区域	不同处理	2016年早造	2016年晚造	2017年早造	2017年晚造	2018年早造	2018年晚造	均值1	均值2	变异系数
稻米Cd质量分数/(mg·kg⁻¹)	韶关	CK	0.70±0.07a	0.75±0.07a	0.74±0.06a	0.70±0.02a	0.69±0.08a	0.69±0.05a	0.71	0.55	25.14
		C	0.53±0.04b	0.51±0.03b	0.46±0.03c	0.44±0.04c	0.46±0.05b	0.47±0.04bc	0.48
		Fe	0.65±0.02a	0.67±0.05a	0.63±0.05b	0.61±0.06b	0.63±0.05a	0.55±0.01b	0.62
		Fe-C	0.29±0.03c	0.48±0.04b	0.33±0.02d	0.44±0.02c	0.31±0.02c	0.45±0.03c	0.38
	惠州	CK	0.43±0.03a	0.46±0.03a	0.46±0.03a	0.50±0.02a	0.43±0.01a	0.48±0.01a	0.46	0.37	23.42
		C	0.39±0.03a	0.39±0.03b	0.38±0.01b	0.39±0.00b	0.38±0.00b	0.39±0.02b	0.39
		Fe	0.38±0.05a	0.41±0.05ab	0.37±0.01b	0.39±0.01b	0.39±0.00b	0.36±0.02c	0.38
		Fe-C	0.19±0.00b	0.26±0.00c	0.21±0.00c	0.30±0.00c	0.19±0.01c	0.29±0.01d	0.24
稻米As质量分数/(mg·kg⁻¹)	韶关	CK	1.00±0.11a	1.14±0.15a	1.13±0.12b	1.25±0.15a	1.17±0.14b	1.27±0.18a	1.16	0.94	38.26
		C	1.05±0.10a	1.14±0.17a	1.49±0.07a	1.44±0.13a	1.35±0.06a	1.42±0.04a	1.32
		Fe	0.79±0.03b	0.77±0.05b	0.81±0.08c	0.83±0.03b	0.90±0.04c	0.81±0.08b	0.82
		Fe-C	0.52±0.03c	0.32±0.03c	0.54±0.04d	0.36±0.01c	0.60±0.03d	0.36±0.03c	0.45
	惠州	CK	0.33±0.01b	0.31±0.01a	0.38±0.02a	0.33±0.00a	0.42±0.01a	0.38±0.01a	0.36	0.30	28.58
		C	0.37±0.01a	0.35±0.04a	0.38±0.01a	0.35±0.02a	0.43±0.01a	0.39±0.01a	0.38
		Fe	0.26±0.02c	0.22±0.00b	0.28±0.01b	0.26±0.00b	0.34±0.03b	0.32±0.01b	0.28
		Fe-C	0.19±0.01d	0.14±0.00c	0.22±0.01c	0.15±0.00c	0.24±0.01c	0.17±0.01c	0.19

土壤健康指标		计分方式	评分函数
理化性质	pH	“中间最优型”	S=100×S′
	OM	“越大越好”	S=100×C
	CEC	“越大越好”	S=100×C
重金属含量	稻米Cd	“越小越好”	S=100×(1−C)
	稻米As	“越小越好”	S=100×(1−C)
	土壤有效态Cd	“越小越好”	S=100×(1−C)
	土壤有效态As	“越小越好”	S=100×(1−C)
稻田产量	稻米产量	“越大越好”	S=100×C

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