淹水条件下水稻对土壤砷转化的影响

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.11.010

生态环境学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (11): 1756-1767.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.11.010

• 研究论文【环境科学】 • 上一篇下一篇

淹水条件下水稻对土壤砷转化的影响

颜思瑶¹^,²(), 杨光¹^,², 白艳¹^,², 高一帆¹^,², 梁露予¹^,², 龚凤¹^,², 黄国勇¹^,², 潘丹丹¹^,², 李晓敏¹^,²^,^*()

1.华南师范大学环境研究院/广东省化学品污染与环境安全重点实验室/环境理论化学教育部重点实验室，广东广州 510006
2.华南师范大学环境学院，广东广州 510006

收稿日期:2024-06-29 出版日期:2024-11-18 发布日期:2024-12-06
通讯作者: *李晓敏。E-mail: xiaomin.li@m.scnu.edu.cn
作者简介:颜思瑶（1999年生），女，硕士，研究方向为土壤重金属转化的生物调控研究。E-mail: 2249538170@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42207009);国家自然科学基金项目(42377239);广东省自然科学基金项目(2023A1515011948)

Effect of Rice on Arsenic Transformation in Paddy Soil under Flooded Conditions

YAN Siyao¹^,²(), YANG Guang¹^,², BAI Yan¹^,², GAO Yifan¹^,², LIANG Luyu¹^,², GONG Feng¹^,², HUANG Guoyong¹^,², PAN Dandan¹^,², LI Xiaomin¹^,²^,^*()

1. SCNU Environmental Research Institute/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety/MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
2. School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China

Received:2024-06-29 Online:2024-11-18 Published:2024-12-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

淹水条件下土壤砷的移动性和生物有效性显著提高，易被水稻吸收；然而水稻种植过程对土壤砷转化的影响机制尚不明确。选取了含低砷（15.5 mg·kg^-1）和高砷（52.1 mg·kg^-1）两种稻田土壤，每种土壤在淹水条件下分别设置种植和不种植水稻两种处理，在淹水培养期间的第7、14、28、42、56天采集土壤孔隙水、根际土壤，并在水稻成熟时采集水稻植株各部位样品。分析了不同砷形态、土壤砷组分、亚铁浓度、土壤溶解性有机质分子组分等的动态变化，探究了水稻对淹水土壤砷转化的影响机制。结果表明，与不种植水稻处理相比，种植水稻降低了淹水期土壤有效态砷和无定型铁铝氧化物结合态砷的比例，但提高了土壤腐殖酸结合态和富里酸结合态砷的比例。在第28天时种植水稻使孔隙水中溶解态Fe(II)质量浓度从43.6－51.3 mg·L^-1降低至11.9－19.4 mg·L^-1，使土壤吸附态Fe(II)质量分数从1.14－1.21 g·kg^-1提高至3.73－4.28 g·kg^-1。三维荧光光谱分析表明，种植水稻显著提高了土壤溶解性有机质中类富里酸、类腐殖酸、类酪氨酸和类色氨酸等组分的丰度，且相关性分析结果表明，四者均与土壤有机质结合态砷呈显著正相关（p≤0.05或p≤0.01），但与土壤可利用态砷呈显著负相关（p≤0.01或p≤0.001）。此外，在高砷土壤种植的水稻呈现直穗病，这可能跟高砷土壤溶解性有机质中CHOS和蛋白质/脂质化合物的相对丰度（16.4%和12.0%）比低砷土壤（12.8%和6.62%）高有关。水稻植株可能通过根际响应和根系吸收等作用，降低土壤有效态砷，提高土壤溶解性有机质的含量，并使更多砷与土壤有机质结合，有利于砷的固定。

关键词: 稻田土壤, 砷（As）, 厌氧, 固定, 有机质

Abstract:

The mobility and bioavailability of arsenic (As) significantly increases in soils under flooded conditions, which facilitates its uptake by rice. However, the effects of As transformation on paddy soils during flooding remain poorly understood. In this study, low-arsenic (15.5 mg·kg^-1) and high-arsenic (52.1 mg·kg^-1) paddy soils were selected for soil incubation experiments with and without rice plants under flooded conditions. Soil pore water and rhizosphere soil samples were collected on days 7, 14, 28, 42, and 56 during the flooded incubation period and various parts of the rice plants were sampled on day 110 at maturity. Dynamic changes in different arsenic species, soil arsenic fractions, ferrous ions, and molecular components of dissolved organic matter in soils were analyzed to elucidate the mechanism of rice in arsenic transformation in flooded soils. Compared to the treatment without rice, the treatment with rice showed lower proportions of available arsenic and amorphous iron-aluminum oxide-bound arsenic fractions in soils, but higher humic acid-bound and fulvic acid-bound arsenic fractions during the flooded period. The presence of rice decreased the concentrations of dissolved Fe(II) in pore water from 43.6‒51.3 mg·L^-1 to 11.9‒19.4 mg·L^-1, and increased the concentrations of adsorbed Fe(II) on soils from 1.14‒1.21 g·kg^-1 to 3.73‒4.28 g·kg^-1 on day 28. Three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy analysis showed that the presence of rice significantly increased the fluorescence intensities of fulvic-like, humic-like, tyrosine-like, and tryptophan-like substances in the soil dissolved organic matter. In addition, these organic fractions were significantly positively correlated with the organic matter-bound arsenic fraction in soils (p≤0.05, p≤0.01), but significantly negatively correlated with the available arsenic fraction in soils (p≤0.01 or p≤0.001). Rice grown in high-arsenic soil had straighthead disease, which might be associated with its higher abundance of CHOS and protein/lipid compounds (16.4% and 12.0%, respectively) than in low-arsenic soil (12.8% and 6.62%), as revealed by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) analysis. These results indicate that rice cultivation can increase dissolved organic matter in the soil and form more organic matter-bound arsenic fractions, leading to a decrease in available arsenic in the soil, likely via rhizosphere response and root uptake. The finding that rice promotes As immobilization by regulating soil organic matter under flooded conditions provides new insights into the environmental effects of crops on As behavior in soils.

Key words: paddy soil, arsenic, anoxic, immobilization, organic matter

中图分类号:

X53
X131.3

颜思瑶, 杨光, 白艳, 高一帆, 梁露予, 龚凤, 黄国勇, 潘丹丹, 李晓敏. 淹水条件下水稻对土壤砷转化的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2024, 33(11): 1756-1767.

YAN Siyao, YANG Guang, BAI Yan, GAO Yifan, LIANG Luyu, GONG Feng, HUANG Guoyong, PAN Dandan, LI Xiaomin. Effect of Rice on Arsenic Transformation in Paddy Soil under Flooded Conditions[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2024, 33(11): 1756-1767.

图/表 8

表1 供试土壤的基本理化性质

Table 1 Physicochemical properties of the tested soils

参数	单位	处理
参数	单位	Soil L_As	Soil H_As
pH	-	5.47	4.99
总砷	mg·kg^-1	15.5	52.1
总铁	g·kg^-1	16.3	16.8
总钙	mg·kg^-1	999	440
总镁	mg·kg^-1	997	195
总钾	g·kg^-1	32.9	15.0
总磷	mg·kg^-1	409	894
总有机质	g·kg^-1	20.2	24.3

图1 低砷和高砷土壤不种植水稻处理（-R）和种植水稻处理（+R）中土壤砷组分的动态变化 F0：水溶态砷；F1：可交换态砷；F2：碳酸盐结合态砷；F3：无定型铁铝氧化物结合态砷；F4：硫化物结合态砷；F5：晶型铁铝氧化物结合态砷；F6：腐殖酸结合态砷；F7：富里酸结合态砷；F8：残渣态砷

Figure 1 Changes in soil arsenic fraction of non-rice cultivation treatment (-R) and rice cultivation treatment (+R) with low arsenic and high arsenic soils

图2 不种植水稻处理（-R）和种植水稻处理（+R）中土壤孔隙水砷形态的动态变化无机三价砷（As(III)）；无机五价砷（As(V)）；一甲基砷（MMA）；二甲基砷（DMA）

Figure 2 Changes in arsenic speciation in soil pore water of non-rice cultivation treatment (-R) and rice cultivation treatment (+R) with low arsenic and high arsenic soils

图3 不同处理中土壤氨基磺酸提取态Fe(II)和土壤孔隙水溶解态Fe(II)的动态变化低砷土壤不种植（Soil LAs-R）和种植水稻处理（Soil LAs+R）；高砷土壤不种植（Soil HAs-R）和种植水稻处理（Soil HAs+R）

Figure 3 Changes in sulfamic acid-extracted Fe(II) from soil and dissolved Fe(II) in soil pore water in different treatments

图4 低砷和高砷土壤溶解性有机质不同组分的最大荧光峰值（Fmax）的动态变化 C1：类富里酸；C2：类腐殖酸；C3：类酪氨酸；C4：类色氨酸

Figure 4 Changes in maximum intensity of fluorescence peak of different soil dissolved organic matter components in low arsenic and high arsenic soils

图5 土壤溶解性有机质组分、孔隙水砷形态、土壤砷组分以及Fe(II)物种之间的相关性 * p≤0.05，** p≤0.01，*** p≤0.001；颜色深浅代表相关性的强弱；红色代表正相关，蓝色代表负相关

Figure 5 Correlationp between dissolved organic matter components, arsenic speciation in soil pore water, soil arsenic fractions and Fe(II) species

图6 低砷（Soil LAs+R）和高砷（Soil HAs+R）土壤种植水稻处理成熟期水稻各部位干质量和砷质量分数以及生长情况不同小写字母表示处理间的显著性差异（p<0.05）

Figure 6 Dry weight and arsenic concentration in each part of rice plants, and rice growth in low arsenic (Soil LAs+R) and high arsenic (Soil HAs+R) soils at maturity stage

图7 水稻成熟期低砷和高砷土壤溶解性有机质分子的Van Krevelen图、元素组成和有机组分的相对丰度以及修饰芳香度指数木质素（Lignins）；蛋白质/脂类（Protein/Lipids）；单宁（Tannins）；氨基糖（Aminosugars）；碳水化合物（Carbohydrate）；不饱和烃（Unsaturated Hydrocarbons）；缩合芳香族（Condensed Aromatic Structures）；修饰芳香度指数（AImod）

Figure 7 Van Krevelen diagram of organic matter molecules in low arsenic and high arsenic soils after rice cultivation at maturity stage, relative abundance of elemental components, relative abundance of major components, modified aromatics index

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淹水条件下水稻对土壤砷转化的影响

Effect of Rice on Arsenic Transformation in Paddy Soil under Flooded Conditions

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