不同UV-B辐射增幅对稻田土壤酶活性、活性有机碳含量及温室气体排放的影响

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.06.017

生态环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (6): 1260-1268.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.06.017

不同UV-B辐射增幅对稻田土壤酶活性、活性有机碳含量及温室气体排放的影响

陈思(), 王灿, 李想, 李明锐, 湛方栋, 李元, 祖艳群, 何永美()

云南农业大学资源与环境学院,云南昆明 650201

收稿日期:2021-01-28 出版日期:2021-06-18 发布日期:2021-09-10
通讯作者: * 何永美,E-mail: heyongmei06@126.com
作者简介:陈思（1996年生）,女,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为紫外辐射生态学。E-mail: 1204035029@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32060287);国家自然科学基金项目(31760113);云南省自然科学基金项目(2018FB040);云南省中青年学术和技术带头人后备人才项目(202005AC160038);云南省教育厅项目(2020J0245)

Effects of Different UV-B Radiation Levels on Soil Enzyme Activities, Active Organic Carbon Content and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Paddy Fields

CHEN Si(), WANG Can, LI Xiang, Li Mingrui, ZHAN Fangdong, LI Yuan, ZU Yanquan, HE Yongmei()

College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China

Received:2021-01-28 Online:2021-06-18 Published:2021-09-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

UV-B辐射增强对整个农业生态系统产生不同程度的影响,为探讨不同UV-B辐射增幅对稻田土壤碳转化和温室气体排放的影响,在元阳梯田稻田原位种植农家水稻品种白脚老粳,通过人工模拟不同UV-B辐射增幅（0、2.5、5.0、7.5 kJ∙m^-2）,研究不同UV-B辐射增幅对水稻生长期稻田土壤碳转化酶活性、活性有机碳含量和CH₄、CO₂、N₂O排放的影响。结果表明,5.0 kJ∙m^-2 UV-B辐射处理导致稻田土壤纤维素酶活性显著增加,增幅范围为15.4%—37.7%;而7.5 kJ∙m^-2 UV-B辐射导致土壤碳转化酶（纤维素酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、多酚氧化酶和蔗糖酶）活性显著降低。UV-B辐射增强导致土壤溶解性有机碳含量显著增加,而易氧化有机碳和微生物量碳含量减少。3个强度的UV-B辐射增幅处理均使稻田CH₄排放量显著减少,降幅范围为7.5%—30.6%;5.0 kJ∙m^-2 UV-B辐射处理显著增加稻田CO₂、N₂O排放量,而7.5 kJ∙m^-2 UV-B辐射导致稻田CO₂、N₂O排放降低;综合而言,UV-B辐射增强导致稻田3种温室气体的全球增温潜能降低。此外,土壤中多酚氧化酶活性与微生物量碳、易氧化有机碳含量呈显著正相关（P<0.05）,CH₄排放通量与微生物量碳含量呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）。可见,随UV-B辐射增强稻田土壤多酚氧化酶活性降低,进而减少易氧化有机碳和微生物量碳含量,最终导致稻田CH₄排放减少、CO₂和N₂O排放增加。

关键词: UV-B辐射, 稻田土壤, 活性有机碳, 碳转化酶活性, 温室气体排放, 全球增温潜能

Abstract:

The enhanced UV-B radiation has different effects on the agricultural ecosystem. This article aims to explore the effects of different UV-B radiation levels on soil carbon conversion and greenhouse gas emissions in a rice field. A local traditional rice variety, Baijiaolaojing, was cultivated in a paddy of Yuanyang Terraces with an artificial simulation of different UV-B radiation levels (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 kJ∙m^-2). The effects of different UV-B radiation levels on the activities of enzymes related to soil carbon conversion, contents of active organic carbon and greenhouse gas emissions from the rice paddy during rice growing period were investigated. The results indicated that an enhanced UV-B radiation of 5.0 kJ∙m^-2 significantly increased the cellulase enzymes activity by 15.4%-37.7% in the rice paddy. However, the enhanced UV-B radiation of 7.5 kJ∙m^-2 significantly decreased the activities of cellulase, beta-glucosidase, polyphenol oxidase and sucrose enzymes. The enhanced UV-B radiation significantly increased the content of soluble organic carbon, and decreased the content of oxidizable organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon in rice paddy soils. The three UV-B radiation levels significantly decreased CH₄ emissions by 7.5%-30.6% from the rice paddy during the whole rice growth period. The enhanced UV-B radiation of 5.0 kJ∙m^-2 significantly increased CO₂ and N₂O emissions, while UV-B radiation of 7.5 kJ∙m^-2 reduced CO₂ and N₂O emissions from the rice paddy. In summary, the enhanced UV-B radiation reduced the global warming potential of the three greenhouse gases from the rice paddy. Moreover, there were significantly positive correlations between the activities of polyphenol oxidase enzyme with the contents of microbial biomass carbon and easily oxidized organic carbon (P<0.05), and a very significantly positive correlation between methane emission flux with microbial biomass carbon content (P<0.01). Thus, the enhanced UV-B radiation inhibited the activity of polyphenol oxidase, reduced the content of easily oxidizable organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon, and then decreased CH₄ emissions and increased CO₂ and N₂O emissions from the rice paddy at the rice growth period.

Key words: UV-B radiation, rice field soil, active organic carbon, invertase activity, greenhouse gas emission, global warming potential

中图分类号:

陈思, 王灿, 李想, 李明锐, 湛方栋, 李元, 祖艳群, 何永美. 不同UV-B辐射增幅对稻田土壤酶活性、活性有机碳含量及温室气体排放的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(6): 1260-1268.

CHEN Si, WANG Can, LI Xiang, Li Mingrui, ZHAN Fangdong, LI Yuan, ZU Yanquan, HE Yongmei. Effects of Different UV-B Radiation Levels on Soil Enzyme Activities, Active Organic Carbon Content and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Paddy Fields[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2021, 30(6): 1260-1268.

图/表 6

图1 不同UV-B辐射增幅对稻田土壤碳转化酶活性的影响不同小写字母表示同一时期不同处理间差异显著（P<0.05）。下同

Fig. 1 Effects of different UV-B radiation levels on the activity of soil carbon invertase in the rice paddy Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments during the same period (P<0.05). The same below

图2 不同UV-B辐射增幅对稻田土壤活性有机碳含量的影响

Fig. 2 Effects of different UV-B radiation levels on the content of active organic carbon in the rice paddy

图3 不同UV-B辐射增幅对稻田温室气排放通量的影响

Fig. 3 Effects of different UV-B radiation levels on the greenhouse gas emission fluxes in the rice paddy

图4 不同UV-B辐射增幅对稻田3种温室气体增温潜能的影响

Fig. 4 Effects of different UV-B radiation levels on the global warming potential of three greenhouse gases in the rice paddy

表1 水稻生育期稻田土壤碳转化酶活性与活性有机碳含量的相关性

Table 1 Correlation coefficients between carbon invertase activities and active organic carbon contents in the rice paddy

	多酚氧化酶 Polyphenol oxidase activity	β-葡萄糖苷酶 Beta-glucosidase activity	蔗糖酶 Sucrose enzyme activity	纤维素酶 Cellulose enzyme activity
溶解性有机碳Dissolved organic carbon	-0.681^*	-0.439	-0.139	-0.179
微生物量碳Microbial biomass carbon	0.769^*	-0.470	0.288	-0.059
易氧化有机碳Labile organic carbon	0.633^*	-0.549	-0.196	-0.162

表2 水稻生育期土壤活性有机碳含量与碳排放通量的相关性

Table 2 Correlation coefficients between soil active organic carbon contents with carbon gas emissions in the rice paddy

	溶解性有机碳 Dissolved organic carbon	微生物量碳 Microbial biomass carbon	易氧化有机碳 Labile organic carbon	CH₄	CO₂	N₂O
溶解性有机碳Dissolved organic carbon	1
微生物量碳Microbial biomass carbon	-0.366	1
易氧化有机碳Labile organic carbon	-0.136	0.752^*	1
CH₄	-0.681^*	0.881^**	0.538	1
CO₂	-0.128	-0.212	-0.129	-0.125	1
N₂O	0.022	-0.566	-0.602	-0.229	0.071	1

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不同UV-B辐射增幅对稻田土壤酶活性、活性有机碳含量及温室气体排放的影响

Effects of Different UV-B Radiation Levels on Soil Enzyme Activities, Active Organic Carbon Content and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Paddy Fields

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