水旱长期耕作下土壤团聚体及有机碳动态变化

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.11.006

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (11): 2152-2160.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.11.006

水旱长期耕作下土壤团聚体及有机碳动态变化

朱生堡¹^,²(), 唐光木¹^,^*(), 张云舒¹, 徐万里¹^,^*(), 葛春辉¹, 马海刚¹

1.新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所/农业农村部盐碱土改良与利用（干旱半干旱区盐碱地）重点实验室，新疆乌鲁木齐 830091
2.新疆农业大学资源与环境学院，新疆乌鲁木齐 830092

收稿日期:2022-08-11 出版日期:2022-11-18 发布日期:2022-12-22
通讯作者: 徐万里（1971年生），男，研究员，博士，主要从事新疆绿洲农田土壤碳氮研究。E-mail: wlxu2005@163.com
*唐光木（1983年生），男，研究员，硕士，主要从事土壤生态与健康研究。E-mail: tangjunhui5120@126.com;
作者简介:朱生堡（1996年生），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为农田生态变化研究。E-mail: zhushengbao001@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41261059)

Changes in Soil Aggregates Associated Organic Carbon under Long-term Irrigation and Drought Cultivation

ZHU Shengbao¹^,²(), TANG Guangmu¹^,^*(), ZHANG Yushu¹, XU Wanli¹^,^*(), GE Chunhui¹, MA Haigang¹

1. Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Saving, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Land Improvement and Utilization (Saline-alkali Land in Arid and Semi-arid Regions), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Urumqi 830091
2. College of resources and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830092

Received:2022-08-11 Online:2022-11-18 Published:2022-12-22

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

分析比较新疆水旱长期耕作不同年限下土壤团聚体组成及其各粒级团聚体有机碳的动态变化，探讨水田和旱地土壤团聚体有机碳的赋存能力。采用湿筛法对新疆水田和旱地的土壤团聚体及其有机碳的变化进行研究。研究发现，（1）水田和旱地土壤有机碳随着种植时间的延长呈现增加趋势，旱地显著低于水田土壤有机碳的增加。（2）水田种植100 a内，53-250 μm微团聚体和>250 μm水稳性团聚体增加了199.80 g·kg^-1和321.60 g·kg^-1，<53 μm团聚体则逐步减少；旱地种植下，53-250 μm微团聚体在0-5 a间快速增加了231.21 g·kg^-1，5 a后基本维持在一个相对稳定的水平；<53 μm团聚体0-10 a间快速下降后，维持在230.67-252.33 g·kg^-1之间的稳定水平。（3）团聚体有机碳水田显著大于旱地，100 a间水田>250 μm水稳性团聚体有机碳质量分数，与荒地相比增加了22.95 g·kg^-1；而旱地则在种植0-10 a间表现出增加的趋势，10 a后基本保持在相对稳定的水平；53-250 μm微团聚体有机碳质量分数水田比旱地显著高出了145.30%，在种植时间内（100 a）都呈现一致的增加趋势；<53 μm团聚体在种植100 a内都呈现出下降趋势，但水田<53 μm有机碳则在种植100 a内逐步减少，与自然土壤开垦前降低了45.28%，旱地土壤则在0-10 a间快速下降。（4）水田和旱地土壤团聚体质量分数与其有机碳质量分数之间呈正相关关系，不同粒径团聚体质量分数与其有机碳质量分数之间相关关系表现不同。综上，荒地开垦后水田比旱地更有利于土壤有机碳质量分数的提高和稳定性团聚体颗粒的形成，有利于促进土壤结构向良性方向发展。

关键词: 水田, 旱地, 土壤团聚体, 有机碳, 新疆

Abstract:

The composition of soil aggregates and the changes in aggregate associated organic carbon under long-term paddy-dry land cultivation were measured in this paper to analyze the storage capacity of aggregate associated organic carbon in paddy and dry land in Xinjiang. Wet sieve method was used to separate different sizes of soil aggregates. Results showed that (1) the soil organic carbon content under the paddy and dry land conditions was increased with the increase of planting years. Compared with the natural soil, soil organic carbon content in paddy soil increased by 28.35 g·kg^-1 and 25.51 g·kg^-1 at the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm depths, respectively, during the 100 planting years, while the soil organic carbon content in dry land only increased by 3.74 g·kg^-1 and 2.15 g·kg^-1at the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm depth, respectively. (2) The content of macro-aggregate (>250 μm) and micro-aggregate (53-250 μm) increased by 321.60 and 199.80 g·kg^-1 during the 100 years of planting, while the aggregates<53 μm decreased with the increase of planting years under the paddy cultivation. Under the dryland cultivation, the micro-aggregates increased rapidly during the period of 0-5 a with the value of 231.21 g·kg^-1, and then remained at a relatively stable level after 5 a. The aggregates<53 μm decreased rapidly during the period of 0-10 a, and then maintained a stable level among 230.67 and 252.33 g·kg^-1. (3) The aggregate associated organic carbon content in the paddy soil was higher than that in the dry land. Compared with the natural soil, the macro-aggregate associated organic carbon content in the paddy soil increased by 22.95 g·kg^-1 during the 100 years of planting. However, the macro-aggregate associated organic carbon content in dry land soil increased by 3.25 g·kg^-1 during the period of 0-10 a, and then maintained a stable level. The mirco-aggregate associated organic carbon in the paddy soil was 145.30% higher than that in the dry land soil. The micro-aggregate associated organic carbon contents in the paddy and dry land soil were increased with the increase of planting years, while the aggregate<53 μm associated organic carbon content had the opposite change trend. The aggregate<53 μm organic carbon in paddy soil decreased gradually with the value of 45.28% during the 100 years of planting, while it decreased rapidly by 61.45% in the dry land soil between 0 and 10 a. (4) There was a positive correlation between soil aggregates and the aggregate associated organic carbon in the paddy and dry land soil. The content of aggregate<53 μm and its associated organic carbon showed a significant linear correlation, while the micro-and macro-aggregate content and their associated organic carbon showed significant exponential correlations under the paddy soil. Under dryland cultivation, the macro-aggregate content and its associated organic carbon showed a logarithmic relationship, while the micro-aggregate content and its associated organic carbon content showed an exponential relationship. In conclusion, the paddy field is more conducive to the improvement of aggregate associated organic carbon content and the formation of stable aggregates than the dry land, which is beneficial to promote the development of soil structure.

Key words: paddy, dry land, soil aggregate, soil organic carbon, Xinjiang

中图分类号:

朱生堡, 唐光木, 张云舒, 徐万里, 葛春辉, 马海刚. 水旱长期耕作下土壤团聚体及有机碳动态变化[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(11): 2152-2160.

ZHU Shengbao, TANG Guangmu, ZHANG Yushu, XU Wanli, GE Chunhui, MA Haigang. Changes in Soil Aggregates Associated Organic Carbon under Long-term Irrigation and Drought Cultivation[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(11): 2152-2160.

图/表 6

图1 水田和旱地土壤总有机碳质量分数图中小写字母若不同，表明在种植年限的不同耕层土壤有机碳间差异显著（P<0.05）

Figure 1 Changes of soil total organic carbon in paddy field and dry land Different lowercases in the same soil SOC indicated significant different tillage layer with different planting years at P<0.05

图2 水田和旱地土壤团聚体质量分数变化

Figure 2 Changes of soil aggregate mass fraction in paddy field and dry land

图3 水田和旱地土壤团聚体碳质量分数变化

Figure 3 Variation of carbon mass fraction of soil aggregates in paddy field and dry land

表1 水田和旱地养分质量变化情况

Table 1 Nutrient changes in paddy and dry land

采样区 Sampling sites	类别 Types	耕作年限 Tillage years/a	养分质量分数 Nutrient Concentration
采样区 Sampling sites	类别 Types	耕作年限 Tillage years/a	w_(TN)/ (g·kg^-1)	w_(TP)/ (g·kg^-1)	w_(AN)/ (g·kg^-1)	w_(AP)/ (g·kg^-1)	w_(AK)/ (g·kg^-1)
乌鲁木齐市米东区 Midong District, Urumqi	水田 Paddy Field	荒地 (0 a)	0.47	0.81	35.60	26.60	153
		2	0.66	0.95	30.17	29.20	166
		5	1.05	1.27	95.03	66.10	183
		10	0.47	1.08	35.33	24.53	85
		15	0.48	1.15	46.93	37.53	92
		20	0.85	1.59	60.37	61.20	185
		30	0.77	1.52	65.20	72.83	196
		50	1.31	1.24	84.00	72.13	109
		80	2.22	1.18	134.55	79.60	140
		100	2.28	1.83	89.70	94.20	152
玛纳斯县乐土驿镇 Manas County Letuyi Town	旱地 Dry Land	荒地 (0 a)	0.48	0.86	36.70	13.60	370
		2	0.60	0.88	68.00	23.20	598
		5	0.51	1.06	30.70	10.60	326
		10	0.84	1.28	89.90	25.00	359
		15	0.64	0.96	61.50	20.80	444
		20	0.75	0.84	39.50	12.10	354
		30	0.78	0.94	48.80	12.80	404
		50	0.72	0.66	53.20	11.70	305
		80	0.74	0.99	58.70	17.40	417
		100	0.72	0.96	54.80	15.70	365

图4 水田土壤团聚体质量分数与其有机碳质量分数相关性分析

Figure 4 Correlation analysis between paddy soil aggregates and their organic carbon mass fractions

图5 旱地土壤团聚体及其有机碳质量分数间相关性分析

Figure 5 Correlation analysis of soil aggregates and their organic carbon contents in dry land

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水旱长期耕作下土壤团聚体及有机碳动态变化

Changes in Soil Aggregates Associated Organic Carbon under Long-term Irrigation and Drought Cultivation

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