不同经营模式对蒙古栎林土壤有机碳组分的长效性影响

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.01.002

生态环境学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (1): 11-17.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.01.002

不同经营模式对蒙古栎林土壤有机碳组分的长效性影响

何亚婷(), 何友均, 王鹏, 谢和生^*()

中国林业科学研究院林业科技信息研究所，北京 100091

收稿日期:2022-05-31 出版日期:2023-01-18 发布日期:2023-04-06
通讯作者: *谢和生（1981年生），男，副研究员，博士，研究方向为林草碳汇经济与政策、林业战略与规划、农村林业政策与发展。E-mail: 791555389@qq.com
作者简介:何亚婷（1980年生），女，副研究员，博士，研究方向为林草碳汇经济与政策、森林生态、林业战略与规划。E-mail: yatinghe@caf.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31901297);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资助(CAFYBB2018QA003)

Effects of Different Forest Management Regimes on Soil Organic Carbon in Aggregate Fractions in Natural Secondary Quercus mongolica Forests

HE Yating(), HE Youjun, WANG Peng, XIE Hesheng^*()

Research Institute of Forestry Policy and Information, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, P. R. China

Received:2022-05-31 Online:2023-01-18 Published:2023-04-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

准确把握长期不同经营措施下蒙古栎林（Quercus mongolica）土壤有机碳及其组分碳含量的变化，对于深入理解森林经营管理对土壤碳库的长效影响作用及其固碳机制具有重要意义。以黑龙江省哈尔滨市丹清河实验林场蒙古栎天然次生林为研究对象，采用物理分组方法，研究目标树经营（经营强度45%、40%、70%，折灌除草）、综合抚育经营（经营强度45%、40%，不清理灌草）、无干扰经营对土壤有机碳及其组分碳含量的长效影响。结果表明，在23 a的经营实践后，与无干扰经营相比，目标树经营和综合抚育经营对土壤总有机碳含量的影响不显著，综合抚育经营显著降低了19.94%的粗自由颗粒有机碳（cfPOC）含量（P<0.05），而目标树经营显著提高了矿物结合态有机碳（MOC）含量97.92%（P<0.05），细自由颗粒有机碳（ffPOC）和物理保护颗粒有机碳（iPOC）含量在3种经营模式间无显著差异。粗自由颗粒有机碳占土壤总有机碳含量的70.63%—76.53%，是土壤固存有机碳的主要形式。土壤C/N依次按颗粒有机碳、物理保护有机碳和矿物结合态有机碳逐渐降低，反映了有机碳在土壤中转化和固定的过程。从提升土壤质量及固碳能力方面考虑，目标树经营是蒙古栎次生林最优经营模式，无干扰模式次之，综合抚育经营对土壤质量和固碳增汇的影响较小。

关键词: 蒙古栎天然次生林, 目标树经营, 综合抚育经营, 自由颗粒有机碳, 矿物结合态有机碳

Abstract:

Quantifying the variations of soil organic carbon and its fractions carbon content in Quercus mongolica forests under long-term different forest management practices is of great significance for understanding the long-term impacts of forest management regimes on soil carbon pool and its carbon sequestration mechanism. In this study, the density fractionation scheme was used to study the changes of soil organic carbon and its aggregate fraction carbon content under three distinctive Q. mongolica forest stands with different management intensities within the Danqinghe Forest Station in Harbin, Heilongjiang province, northeast of China. These three Q. mongolica forest stands were (1) target tree nurture management (40%, 45% and 70% of nurture intensity with cutting irrigation and weeding), (2) comprehensive tree nurture management (40% and 40% intensity) and (3) no-disturbance tree nurture management. The results showed that compared with no-disturbance tree nurture management, target tree nurture management and comprehensive tree nurture management had no significant effect on total soil organic carbon content. Compared with no-disturbance management, comprehensive tree nurture management significantly reduced the content of coarse free particulate organic carbon (cfPOC) by 19.94% (P<0.05), while target tree nurture management significantly increased the content of mineral associated organic carbon (MOC) by 97.92% (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the content of fine free particulate organic carbon (ffPOC) and intra-micro aggregate particulate organic carbon (iPOC) among the three management regimes. Coarse free particulate organic carbon accounts for 70.63%-76.53% of total soil organic carbon, which is the main form of soil organic carbon sequestration. Soil C/N decreased gradually according to particulate organic carbon, intra-micro aggregate particulate organic carbon and mineral associated organic carbon, reflecting the process of transformation and fixation of organic carbon in soil. In terms of improving soil quality and carbon sequestration capacity, target tree management is the optimal management regime for Q. mongolica secondary forest, followed by non-disturbance regime, while comprehensive tree nurture management has little impact on soil quality and carbon sequestration.

Key words: natural secondary Quercus mongolica forests, target tree forest management, comprehensive nurturing management, free particulate organic carbon, mineral associated organic carbon

中图分类号:

S718.5
X171

何亚婷, 何友均, 王鹏, 谢和生. 不同经营模式对蒙古栎林土壤有机碳组分的长效性影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(1): 11-17.

HE Yating, HE Youjun, WANG Peng, XIE Hesheng. Effects of Different Forest Management Regimes on Soil Organic Carbon in Aggregate Fractions in Natural Secondary Quercus mongolica Forests[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(1): 11-17.

图/表 6

表1 蒙古栎天然次生林经营模式和样地概况

Table 1 Summary of different natural secondary Quercus mongolica forest stands within three forest management regimes

森林经营模式	目标树经营 (M1)	综合抚育经营 (M2)	无干扰经营 (M3)
1999年林龄/a	63	63	63
2021年林龄/a	85	85	85
平均海拔/m	330	330	373
坡度/(°)	6	6	15
坡向	南S	南S	南S
初始密度/(plant·hm^-2)	850	850	850
间伐时间	1999/2004/2010	1999/2004	—
间伐强度/%	45/40/70	45/40	—
保留密度/(plant·hm^-2)	468/280/84	468/280	—
是否补植红松	是	否	否
抚育方式	折灌除草	不清理灌草	—
1999年树种组成	8蒙+1黑+ 1紫-黄	8蒙+1黑+ 1紫-黄	8蒙+1黑+ 1紫-黄
2021年树种组成	6蒙+1红+1紫+ 1白+1云	8蒙+1黑+ 1红	7蒙+2黄+ 1紫

图1 不同经营模式对土壤总有机碳和各组分有机碳含量的影响图中数据为平均值±标准误，n=3；M1：目标树经营；M2：综合抚育经营；M3：无干扰经营。SOC：土壤有机碳；cfPOC：粗自由颗粒有机碳；ffPOC：细自由颗粒有机碳；iPOC：物理保护颗粒有机碳；MOC: 矿物结合态有机碳。不同小写字母（a，b）表示同一组分不同经营措施之间差异显著（P<0.05），不同小写字母（x，y）表示同一经营措施不同组分之间差异显著（P<0.05）。下同

Figure 1 Effects of different forest management regimes on soil total organic carbon and its fraction carbon content

图2 不同经营模式下不同组分土壤有机碳的质量比例

Figure 2 Mass percentage of soil organic carbon fraction under different management regimes

表2 不同有机碳组分与总有机碳的相关系数

Table 2 Correlation coefficients between different organic carbon fractions and TOC in soil

项目	粗自由颗粒有机碳	细自由颗粒有机碳	物理保护有机碳	矿物结合有机碳
cfPOC	1
ffPOC	0.143	1
iPOC	0.362	0.560	1
MOC	0.360	0.377	0.338	1
TOC	0.876***	0.414	0.556	0.607*
PCA	0.908*	0.360	0.327	0.597

图3 不同土壤有机碳组分C/N比值

Figure 3 C/N ratio of different soil organic carbon fractions

图4 主成分分析显示不同森林经营模式之间差异

Figure 4 Principal component analysis showed the differences between different forest management regimes

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不同经营模式对蒙古栎林土壤有机碳组分的长效性影响

Effects of Different Forest Management Regimes on Soil Organic Carbon in Aggregate Fractions in Natural Secondary Quercus mongolica Forests

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