增温及秸秆施用对大豆-冬小麦轮作农田土壤真菌群落组成及多样性的影响

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.04.014

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (4): 759-770.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.04.014

增温及秸秆施用对大豆-冬小麦轮作农田土壤真菌群落组成及多样性的影响

张苗苗¹^,²(), 陈书涛¹^,²^,^*(), 丁司丞², 王瑾², 章堃²

1.南京信息工程大学江苏省农业气象重点实验室,江苏南京 210044
2.南京信息工程大学应用气象学院,江苏南京 210044

收稿日期:2021-11-08 出版日期:2022-04-18 发布日期:2022-06-22
通讯作者: *陈书涛,E-mail: chenstyf@aliyun.com
作者简介:张苗苗（1997年生）,女,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为环境微生物学与气候变化。E-mail: 18753882194@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41775151)

Effects of Warming and Straw Application on the Composition and Diversity of Soil Fungal Community in A Soybean-winter Wheat Rotation Crop Field

ZHANG Miaomiao¹^,²(), CHEN Shutao¹^,²^,^*(), DING Sicheng², WANG Jin², ZHANG Kun²

1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, P. R. China
2. School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, P. R. China

Received:2021-11-08 Online:2022-04-18 Published:2022-06-22

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究增温及秸秆施用对农田土壤真菌群落组成及多样性的影响,设置随机区组田间试验,试验包括对照（CK）、增温（WA）、秸秆施用（SA）、增温及秸秆施用（WS）4个处理,采用高通量测序研究大豆 (Glycine max L.)-冬小麦 (Triticum aestivum L.) 轮作农田土壤真菌门、纲、目水平上的组成及α、β多样性。结果表明,在门水平上,大豆田相对丰度最高的土壤真菌门包括子囊菌门（Ascomycota）、担子菌门（Basidiomycota）、接合菌门（Zygomycota）等,WA处理子囊菌门相对丰度显著低于CK（P=0.023）及SA（P=0.007）处理,且与WS处理存在边缘显著差异（P=0.063）。在纲水平上,增温减少了相对丰度最高的粪壳菌纲（Sordariomycetes）相对丰度,但秸秆施用抵消了增温的这种效应。在目水平上,大豆田相对丰度最高的土壤真菌目为肉座菌目（Hypocreales）。冬小麦田相对丰度最高的真菌门、纲与大豆田相同。冬小麦田CK与WS处理子囊菌门相对丰度之间存在显著差异（P=0.047）,各处理粪壳菌纲、肉座菌目相对丰度之间无显著差异（P>0.10）。大豆田WA处理的真菌物种数显著（P=0.012）小于WS处理,大豆田WA处理Shannon指数和Simpson指数均最小。冬小麦田CK与SA处理物种数（P=0.087）、Chao1指数（P=0.088）均存在边缘显著差异。秸秆施用增加了冬小麦田真菌物种数并使α多样性增大。大豆田土壤真菌门、纲、目水平上存在差异的类群明显比冬小麦田多,说明大豆田某些真菌类群受增温及秸秆施用处理的影响相对更大。大豆田土壤真菌比冬小麦田具有更大的α多样性,其物种数和Chao1指数远大于冬小麦田,且具有更大的Shannon指数和Simpson指数;大豆田土壤真菌β多样性（加权单比例距离）总体上大于冬小麦田,前者不同处理之间的物种差异性相对更大。大豆田的自然固氮能力为真菌类群的多样性提供了条件,其中的某些类群更易受增温及秸秆施用影响。

关键词: 真菌, 群落组成, 子囊菌门, α多样性, β多样性

Abstract:

A field randomized block design was arranged to investigate the effects of warming and straw application on the composition and diversity of soil fungal community. The compositions at the phylum, class, and order levels and the α and β diversities of soil fungal community in soybean-winter wheat crop fields were determined using high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that the phyla with the highest relative abundance were Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Zygomycota. The relative abundance of Ascomycota in the WA plots was significantly lower than that in the CK (P=0.023) and SA (P=0.007) plots. There was a marginally significant difference (P=0.063) in the relative abundance of Ascomycota between the WA and WS treatments. Warming reduced the relative abundance of Sordariomycetes, which had the highest relative abundance at the class level, but this effect of warming was offset by straw application. The Hypocreales had the highest relative abundance in the soybean crop field. The phylum and class with the highest relative abundance in the winter wheat crop field were as the same as those in the soybean crop field. There was a significant difference (P=0.047) in the relative abundance of Ascomycota between the CK and WS treatments. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in the relative abundance of Sordariomycetes and Hypocreales between the CK and WS treatments. The species in the WA plots were significantly lower than those in the WS plots in the winter wheat crop field (P<0.012), and the WA plots had the lowest Shannon and Simpson index values among all the treatments. There were marginally significant differences in the species (P=0.087) and Chao1 index values (P=0.088) between the CK and SA treatments in the winter wheat crop field. Straw application increased the species and the α diversity in the winter wheat crop field. The number of fungal groups at the phylum, class, and order levels in the soybean crop field was obviously higher than that in the winter wheat crop field, indicating that more differences existed between some fungal groups under different warming and straw application treatments in the soybean crop field than in the winter wheat crop field. The soybean crop field had obviously higher species and Chao1 index values than the winter wheat crop field. The Shannon and Simpson index values in the soybean crop field were also higher than those in the winter wheat crop field. The soybean crop field had higher β diversity (weighted Unifrac distance) than the winter wheat crop field, indicating a greater difference in the species between the treatments in the soybean crop field. The N fixation capacity of soybean crop fields provided favorable conditions for the fungal diversity, and some fungal groups in the soybean crop field were more susceptible to temperature increase and straw application than those in the winter wheat crop field.

Key words: fungi, community composition, Ascomycota, α diversity, β diversity

中图分类号:

张苗苗, 陈书涛, 丁司丞, 王瑾, 章堃. 增温及秸秆施用对大豆-冬小麦轮作农田土壤真菌群落组成及多样性的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(4): 759-770.

ZHANG Miaomiao, CHEN Shutao, DING Sicheng, WANG Jin, ZHANG Kun. Effects of Warming and Straw Application on the Composition and Diversity of Soil Fungal Community in A Soybean-winter Wheat Rotation Crop Field[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(4): 759-770.

图/表 8

图1 增温及秸秆施用对大豆田土壤真菌门、纲、目相对丰度的影响

Figure 1 Effects of warming and straw application on the relative abundance of soil fungi at the phylum, class and order levels in the soybean crop field

表1 大豆田存在显著差异的真菌门、纲、目相对丰度

Table 1 Relative abundance of soil fungi at the phylum, class and order levels in the soybean crop field %

分类水平 Classification levels	真菌类群 Fungal groups	CK	WA	SA	WS
门 Phylum	子囊菌门 Ascomycota	52.0±11.1 (a)	27.2±1.3 (bM)	58.7±1.0 (a)	46.2±5.3 (abM)
	接合菌门 Zygomycota	4.4±1.5 (b)	4.0±0.9 (b)	7.5±1.2 (ab)	9.0±1.9 (a)
	壶菌门 Chytridiomycota	0.8±0.3 (a)	0.5±0.1 a(M)	0.7±0.3 (a)	1.3±0.2 (aM)
	球囊菌门 Glomeromycota	1.0±0.3 (a)	0.4±0.1 (b)	0.9±0.2 (a)	0.5±0.1 (ab)
	绿藻门 Chlorophyta	0.8±0.1 (a)	0.3±0.1 (b)	0.2±0.0 (b)	0.2±0.0 (b)
	丝足虫门 Cercozoa	0.4±0.1 (abM)	0.2±0.1 (bM)	0.6±0.0 (a)	0.5±0.1 (a)
	其他 Others	19.0±2.8 (b)	50.2±8.6 (a)	19.0±1.4 (b)	25.7±3.4 (b)
纲 Class	粪壳菌纲 Sordariomycetes	30.4±8.2 (a)	14.0±0.7 (b)	21.5±0.6 (ab)	22.1±2.7 (ab)
	散囊菌纲 Eurotiomycetes	4.4±1.3 (c)	5.0±0.9 (c)	20.8±2.8 (a)	14.0±2.6 (b)
	座囊菌纲 Dothideomycetes	10.0±4.0 (aMN)	3.3±0.5 (aM)	4.4±1.1 (a)	3.2±1.2 (aN)
	毛霉菌亚门未定名纲 Mucoromycotina_cls_Incertae_sedis	0.6±0.2 (b)	1.3±0.5 (ab)	1.9±1.1 (ab)	3.5±1.2 (a)
	其他 Others	32.2±5.8 (b)	57.9±7.7 (a)	34.3±3.6 (b)	36.9±3.2 (b)
目 Order	散囊菌目 Eurotiales	1.4±0.4 (b)	1.7±0.4 (b)	17.8±3.7 (aM)	11.8±2.5 (aM)
	格孢腔菌目 Pleosporales	5.3±1.9 (aMN)	1.8±0.2 (aM)	3.0±1.0 (a)	1.8±0.3 (aN)
	煤炱目 Capnodiales	4.3±2.0 (a)	0.9±0.2 (b)	1.0±0.6 (b)	1.0±0.2 (b)
	其他 Others	45.1±10.9 (b)	74.3±2.0 (aM)	46.8±5.7 (b)	55.5±4.8 (abM)

图2 增温及秸秆施用对冬小麦田土壤真菌门、纲、目相对丰度的影响

Figure 2 Effects of warming and straw application on the relative abundance of soil fungi at the phylum, class and order levels in the winter wheat crop field

表2 冬小麦田存在显著差异的真菌门、纲、目相对丰度

Table 2 Relative abundance of soil fungi at the phylum, class and order levels in the winter wheat crop field %

分类水平 Classification levels	真菌类群 Fungal groups	CK	WA	SA	WS
门 Phylum	油壶菌门 Olpidiomycota	0.7±0.2 (aM)	0.3±0.2 (abM)	0.2±0.1 (b)	0.2±0.1 (b)
	球囊菌门 Glomeromycota	0.0±0.0 (b)	0.10±0.0 (a)	0.0±0.0 (b)	0.0±0.0 (b)
	其他 Others	19.2±2.8 (b)	22.3±2.2 (ab)	23.0±2.1 (ab)	30.5±5.1 (a)
纲 Class	油壶菌纲 Olpidiomycetes	0.7±0.1 (a)	0.3±0.2 (ab)	0.2±0.1 (b)	0.2±0.1 (b)
纲 Class	其他 Others	33.0±3.3 (aM)	44.3±3.9 (a)	37.4±3.3 (a)	46.7±6.7 (aM)
目 Order	炭角菌目 Xylariales	10.4±2.1 (aM)	4.9±2.9 (abM)	5.4±1.6 (ab)	1.9±0.7 (b)
目 Order	粪壳菌目 Sordariales	1.4±0.4 (b)	2.2±0.6 (ab)	3.4±0.4 (a)	2.5±0.7 (ab)

图3 不同增温及秸秆施用处理下大豆田土壤真菌α多样性箱线图不同字母代表处理间存在显著（P<0.05）差异,包含字母M或N代表处理间存在边缘显著（0.50<P<0.10）差异,每个处理样本个数为3。下同

Figure 3 Box and whisker plot of the α diversity of soil fungi under the different warming and straw application treatments in the soybean crop field The different letters represent significant (P<0.05) differences between the treatments. The letter M or N represents marginally significant (0.50<P<0.10) differences between the treatments. The number of samples for a treatment was three. The same below

图4 不同增温及秸秆施用处理下冬小麦田土壤真菌α多样性箱线图

Figure 4 Box and whisker plot of the α diversity of soil fungi under the different warming and straw application treatments in the winter wheat crop field

图5 大豆田与冬小麦田土壤真菌α多样性指数之间的关系

Figure 5 Relationships between the α diversity indexes in the soybean cropland and those in the winter wheat crop field

图6 大豆田与冬小麦田土壤真菌加权单比例距离热图

Figure 6 Heatmap of weighted Unifrac distance of soil fungi in the soybean and winter wheat crop fields

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增温及秸秆施用对大豆-冬小麦轮作农田土壤真菌群落组成及多样性的影响

Effects of Warming and Straw Application on the Composition and Diversity of Soil Fungal Community in A Soybean-winter Wheat Rotation Crop Field

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