不同粒径生物质炭对土壤重金属钝化及细菌群落的影响

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.03.0017

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (3): 583-592.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.03.0017

不同粒径生物质炭对土壤重金属钝化及细菌群落的影响

李光炫¹(), 石岸¹, 张黎明¹^,², 邢世和¹^,², 杨文浩¹^,²^,^*()

1.福建农林大学资源与环境学院,福建福州 350002
2.土壤生态系统健康与调控福建省高校重点实验室,福建福州 350002

收稿日期:2021-08-02 出版日期:2022-03-18 发布日期:2022-05-25
通讯作者: *杨文浩,E-mail: whyang@fafu.edu
作者简介:李光炫（1992年生）,女,硕士研究生,主要从事于土壤生态修复研究。E-mail: liguangxuan5996@163.com
基金资助:
福建省自然科学基金项目(2020J01565);福建农林大学科技创新基金项目(KFA19075A);福建农林大学科技创新基金项目(KFA19076A)

Effects of Biochar with Different Particle Sizes on Soil Heavy Metal Immobilization and Bacterial Community

LI Guangxuan¹(), SHI An¹, ZHANG Liming¹^,², XING Shihe¹^,², YANG Wenhao¹^,²^,^*()

1. College of Resources and Environmental, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
2. University Key Lab of Soil Eeosyslem Health and Regulation, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China

Received:2021-08-02 Online:2022-03-18 Published:2022-05-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探讨不同粒径生物质炭对土壤重金属钝化及细菌群落的影响。本研究对海鲜菇和秀珍菇废菌棒生物质炭进行不同粒径（粗：1—2 mm、中0.5—1 mm、细<0.5 mm）处理,向污染矿山土壤中分别加入质量分数为0%和2%不同粒径生物质炭,恒温培养120 d,分析不同处理对土壤pH、速效养分、有效态重金属、酶活性、细菌群落结构和多样性的影响。结果显示,与对照相比,不同粒径生物质炭处理均能提高土壤pH、速效氮、有效磷和有效钾含量,增强了脲酶、蛋白酶、转化酶活性,提升了土壤细菌群落Chao1和ACE指数,并提高了Kribbella、Streptomyces、Paenarthrobacter、Micromonospora、Bradyrhizobium等16个优势有益菌属的相对丰度,且以上指标均以细粒径生物质炭的提升效果为最佳。不同粒径生物质炭有效降低TCLP提取态Cd（12.1%—24.8%）、Zn（8.3%—31.4%）、Pb（32.9%—53.7%）的质量分数,且粒径越小钝化作用越好。综上,废菌棒生物质炭可以有效改良土壤酸性,降低有效态重金属,提高土壤速效养分和土壤酶活性,提高细菌多样性和有益菌群,且细粒径生物质炭的改良效果优于粗粒径。研究结果可为重金属污染土壤的修复改良提供理论支持。

关键词: 生物质炭, 粒径, 土壤, 重金属钝化, 细菌群落

Abstract:

This study investigated the effects of biochar with different particle sizes on soil heavy metal immobilization and the bacterial community. Different particle sizes (1-2 mm in diameter, 0.5-1 mm in diameter, and <0.5 mm in diameter) of biochar from P. marmoreus and P. crispus were chosen. Biochar with different mass fractions, 0% and 2% respectively, were added to the contaminated mine soil, which was incubated at a constant temperature for 120 days. The effects of different treatments on soil pH, available nutrients, available heavy metals, enzyme activities, and bacterial community structure and diversity were analyzed. The results showed that biochar treatments with different particle sizes could increase the soil pH, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium content, as well as enhance the activities of urease, protease, and invertase, but similar effects did not occur in the control group. For the bacterial community, the biochar treatment increased the Chao1 and ACE indexes of soil bacterial community, and enhanced relative abundance of 16 dominant beneficial bacteria such as Kribbella, Streptomyces, Paenarthrobacter, Micromonospora, and Bradyrhizobium. Fine particle size biochar (<0.5 mm in diameter) showed the best improvement effects on the soil bacterial community. The contents of Cd (12.1%-24.8%), Zn (8.3%-31.4%) and Pb (32.9%-53.7%) extracted by TCLP were effectively reduced by biochar with different particle sizes, and the smaller the particle size, the better the immobilization effect. In conclusion, biochar can effectively improve soil acidity, reduce available heavy metals, increase soil available nutrients and soil enzyme activity, and improve bacterial diversity.

Key words: biocar, particle size, soil, heavy metal immobilization, bacterial community

中图分类号:

李光炫, 石岸, 张黎明, 邢世和, 杨文浩. 不同粒径生物质炭对土壤重金属钝化及细菌群落的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(3): 583-592.

LI Guangxuan, SHI An, ZHANG Liming, XING Shihe, YANG Wenhao. Effects of Biochar with Different Particle Sizes on Soil Heavy Metal Immobilization and Bacterial Community[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(3): 583-592.

图/表 8

表1 供试生物质炭基本理化性质

Table 1 Basic physicochemical properties of biochars

材料类型 Material type	pH	全氮 Total nitrogen/ (mg∙kg^-1)	全碳 Total carbon/ (mg∙kg^-1)	全磷 Total phosphorus/ (mg∙kg^-1)	全钾 Total potassium/ (mg∙kg^-1)	比表面 Specific surface area/ (m²∙g^-1)	微孔面积Micropore area/ (m²∙g^-1)	微孔体积 Micropore volume/ (cm³∙g^-1)	平均孔径 Average aperture/ (10^-10 m)
海鲜菇 Seafood mushroom	9.34	2.38	43.4	1.35	0.13	19.80	41.51	0.01	95.15
秀珍菇 Xiuzhen mushroom	9.68	2.29	40.0	1.30	0.15	20.01	30.73	0.02	98.28

表2 不同粒径生物质炭下土壤pH、速效养分质量分数相关分析

Table 2 Correlation Analysis of Soil pH and Available Nutrient Content under Different Particle Size of Biochar

处理 Treatments	pH	w_(DOC)/(mg∙kg^-1)	w_{(Available nitrogen)}/(mg∙kg^-1)	w_{(Available phosphorus)}/(mg∙kg^-1)	w_{(Available potassium)}/(mg∙kg^-1)
CK	6.12±0.02f	47.45±2.70e	60.48±5.80e	25.19±3.36d	155.50±9.51d
HC	7.61±0.10e	84.95±10.38d	77.92±2.98d	35.22±7.67cd	436.63±10.66c
HM	7.88±0.07d	125.14±17.10c	85.38±5.51cd	46.06±7.64bc	446.27±11.10bc
HF	8.12±0.20ab	182.43±10.84a	89.30±6.97bc	57.38±4.90ab	451.07±9.33bc
XC	8.02±0.25c	130.35±6.43c	81.86±6.13cd	43.49±4.69c	473.82±18.90b
XM	8.09±0.26bc	165.15±4.40b	96.61±7.20ab	49.47±5.55bc	568.39±17.03a
XF	8.20±0.05a	160.81±9.18b	103.25±5.52a	64.75±12.40a	567.89±40.51a

图1 不同粒径生物质炭处理下土壤有效态Cd、Zn、Pb的质量分数（1）图中不同处理间的不同小写字母（a、b、c、d、e）表示对应数值在P<0.05水平上存在显著性差异,下同。（2）CK：无添加对照处理,HC、HM、HF：海鲜菇废菌棒粗、中、细粒径生物质炭处理,XC、XM、XF：秀珍菇废菌棒粗、中、细粒径生物质炭处理,下同

Figure 1 The mass fraction of soil available Cd, Zn and Pb under different particle sizes of biochar treatment (1) The values in the table are mean (n=3)±standard deviation. Different lowercase letters (a, b, c, d, e) in the same column indicate that the corresponding values have significant differences at the level of P<0.05, the same below. (2) CK: no addition control treatment, HC, HM, HF: coarse, medium and fine particle size biochar treatment of waste mushroom sticks, XC, XM, XF: coarse, medium and fine particle size biochar treatment of waste mushroom sticks, same below

图2 不同粒径生物质炭处理下酶活性特征情况

Figure 2 Characteristics of enzyme activity under different particle size biochar treatment

图3 不同粒径生物质炭处理下土壤细菌多样性指数

Figure 3 Soil bacterial diversity index under different particle size biochar treatments

图4 门水平上不同处理土壤样品的细菌群落组成及相对丰度

Figure 4 Bacterial community composition and relative abundance of soil samples under different treatments at phylum level

图5 属水平上不同处理土壤样品的细菌群落变化表中r图注表示-2—2的相对丰度值,红色表示相对丰度值增加,蓝色表示相对丰度值降低,颜色越深则相对分度的增（减）程度越大

Figure 5 Changes of bacterial community in soil samples under different treatments at genus level Figure r in the table indicates the relative abundance values of-2 to 2, red indicates the increase of relative abundance value, blue indicates the decrease of relative abundance value, and the deeper the color is, the greater the increase (decrease) degree of relative differentiation is

图6 环境因子与细菌属水平菌落组成Spearman分析（1）*表示在0.05水平(双侧)上显著相关;**表示在0.01水平(双侧)上显著相关。（2）r图注表示-0.88—0.19的相关程度值,红色表示正向相关,蓝色表示负向相关,颜色越深则相应的正（负）相关性越大。（3）图中Pb：有效态铅;Zn：有效态锌;Cd：有效态镉;pH：酸碱性;N：速效氮;P：有效磷;K：有效钾;DOC：溶解性有机碳。

Figure 6 Spearman analysis of environmental factors and bacterial community composition at genus level (1) * Significantly correlated at 0.05 level (bilateral); ** Significantly correlated at 0.01 level (bilateral). (2) Graph r indicates the correlation between -0.88 and 0.19, red indicates positive correlation, blue indicates negative correlation, and the deeper the color, the greater the positive (negative) correlation. (3) Pb: available Pb; Zn: available Zn; Cd: available Cd; pH : acid-base; N: available N; P: available P; K: available K; DOC: dissolved organic carbon

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不同粒径生物质炭对土壤重金属钝化及细菌群落的影响

Effects of Biochar with Different Particle Sizes on Soil Heavy Metal Immobilization and Bacterial Community

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