生态环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (9): 1787-1796.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.09.002
史利江1,*(), 高杉1, 姚晓军2, 张晓龙1, 李文刚3, 高峰1
收稿日期:
2021-06-22
出版日期:
2021-09-18
发布日期:
2021-12-08
通讯作者:
*作者简介:
史利江(1978年生),男,副教授,博士,硕士研究生导师,主要研究方向为土地利用与土壤固碳研究。E-mail: slj19972@126.com
基金资助:
SHI Lijiang1,*(), GAO Shan1, YAO Xiaojun2, ZHANG Xiaolong1, LI Wengang3, GAO Feng1
Received:
2021-06-22
Online:
2021-09-18
Published:
2021-12-08
摘要:
探讨黄土丘陵区土壤碳氮特征及其蓄积速率对植被恢复的响应规律,不仅对于精确评估黄土高原生态恢复工程的土壤碳氮效应具有重要意义,同时也是国家积极推进碳中和战略和生态文明建设的科学基础。以晋西北黄土丘陵区—右玉县典型生态恢复区为研究对象,以相邻农田为对照,分析了不同植被类型在不同恢复年限下的土壤碳氮特征和固碳(氮)效应。结果表明:以20 a和50 a为界,植被恢复的土壤固碳(氮)效应可分为短期、中期和长期3个阶段。从短期(<20 a)来看,退耕还林(草)的土壤固碳(氮)效应不明显,甚至导致了土壤表层(0—20 cm)SOC和STN含量和储量的降低,而退耕还灌的土壤碳氮增汇效应较为显著;从中期(21—50 a)来看,随着恢复年限的增加,3种植被的土壤碳氮增汇效应显著,其中草地在恢复21—35 a后,土壤固碳(氮)达到最高值,之后其SOC、STN含量和储量开始降低,而林地和灌木地的土壤碳(氮)汇效应表现显著;从长期来看(>50 a),林地表层土壤碳(氮)增汇效应仍持续增强,而灌木地和草地SOC、STN含量和储量,均低于对照农田。总体来看,退耕还林在中期和长期的土壤碳氮蓄积效应相当可观,退耕还灌在短期和中期的土壤碳氮蓄积效应表现显著;对于草地,仅在退耕中期(21—35 a)表现出一定的土壤碳氮增汇效应。从表层土壤的碳氮平均蓄积速率来看,林地在退耕中期和长期,均表现出较高的平均碳氮蓄积速率,而灌木地在退耕早期(<20 a),其表层土壤平均碳氮蓄积速率最快,之后,随恢复年限的增加,逐步降低,最终转变为负值(>50 a);而草地仅在退耕21—35 a,土壤碳氮蓄积速率表现为正值,其余阶段均为负值。退耕还林(草)后的表层SOC含量与STN含量、C/N和土壤含水量呈明显的正相关,与土壤容重之间呈显著的负相关。土壤C/N受SOC的影响较大;土壤水分条件的改善可促进SOC和STN的积累,其对表层STN的影响程度甚至高于SOC。随着表层SOC含量的增加,会改变土壤颗粒的胶结状况,从而导致土壤容重的降低。
中图分类号:
史利江, 高杉, 姚晓军, 张晓龙, 李文刚, 高峰. 晋西北黄土丘陵区不同植被恢复下的土壤碳氮累积特征[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(9): 1787-1796.
SHI Lijiang, GAO Shan, YAO Xiaojun, ZHANG Xiaolong, LI Wengang, GAO Feng. Characteristics of Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Accumulation under Different Vegetation Restoration in the Loess Hilly Region of Northwest Shanxi Province[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2021, 30(9): 1787-1796.
土地利用类型 Land use | 恢复年限 Restoration ages/a | 样地数 Sample Number | 海拔 Altitude/m | 坡度 Slope/(°) | 坡向 Aspect | 优势种 Dominant species |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
农田 Farmland | 0 | 19 | 1266—1394 | 3—21 | SH5, SSH4, SU7, SSU3 | 玉米 Zea mays; 马铃薯 Solanum tuberosum |
林地 Woodland | 10, 18, 25, 32, 35, 40, 43, 50, 52, 63 | 25 | 1272—1487 | 2—21 | SH6, SSH9, SU4, SSU6 | 小叶杨 Populus simonii; 油松 Pinus tabuliformis和华北落叶松 Larix principis-rupprechtii |
灌木林地 Shrubland | 12, 18, 22, 35, 42, 50, 55, 63 | 18 | 1272—1475 | 3—17 | SH2, SSH6, SU4, SSU6 | 沙棘 Hippophae rhamnoides |
草地 Grassland | 8, 14, 21, 25, 33, 35, 42, 50, 53 | 22 | 1269—1461 | 2—17 | SH5, SSH9, SU3, SSU5 | 白莲蒿 Artemisia sacrorum; 蒙古蒿 Artemisia mongolica; 达乌里秦艽 Gentiana dahurica 等 |
表1 研究区样地基本情况表
Table 1 Characteristics of studied sites
土地利用类型 Land use | 恢复年限 Restoration ages/a | 样地数 Sample Number | 海拔 Altitude/m | 坡度 Slope/(°) | 坡向 Aspect | 优势种 Dominant species |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
农田 Farmland | 0 | 19 | 1266—1394 | 3—21 | SH5, SSH4, SU7, SSU3 | 玉米 Zea mays; 马铃薯 Solanum tuberosum |
林地 Woodland | 10, 18, 25, 32, 35, 40, 43, 50, 52, 63 | 25 | 1272—1487 | 2—21 | SH6, SSH9, SU4, SSU6 | 小叶杨 Populus simonii; 油松 Pinus tabuliformis和华北落叶松 Larix principis-rupprechtii |
灌木林地 Shrubland | 12, 18, 22, 35, 42, 50, 55, 63 | 18 | 1272—1475 | 3—17 | SH2, SSH6, SU4, SSU6 | 沙棘 Hippophae rhamnoides |
草地 Grassland | 8, 14, 21, 25, 33, 35, 42, 50, 53 | 22 | 1269—1461 | 2—17 | SH5, SSH9, SU3, SSU5 | 白莲蒿 Artemisia sacrorum; 蒙古蒿 Artemisia mongolica; 达乌里秦艽 Gentiana dahurica 等 |
图1 不同植被类型及不同恢复年限下的表层(0—20 cm)土壤有机碳的变化特征 大写字母表示不同植被同一恢复年限间SOC的显著性差异,小写字母代表同一植被不同恢复年限间SOC的显著性差异(P<0.05,LSD)
Fig. 1 Variation characteristics of soil organic carbon in surface layer (0—20 cm) under different vegetation types and different restoration years Different letters represent the significant differences in the SOC of the same vegetation type in different restoration periods and different vegetation types in the same restoration period (P<0.05, LSD)
图2 不同植被类型及不同恢复年限下的表层(0—20 cm)土壤全氮的变化特征 大写字母表示不同植被类型在同一恢复年限间STN的显著性差异,小写字母代表同一植被类型在不同恢复年限间STN的显著性差异(P<0.05,LSD)
Fig. 2 Variation characteristics of soil total nitrogen in the surface layer (0-20 cm) under different vegetation types and different restoration years Different letters represent the significant difference in STN of the same vegetation type in different restoration periods and different vegetation types in the same restoration period (P<0.05, LSD)
指标 Index | SOC | STN | C/N | Soil moisture | Soil bulk density |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SOC | 1 | 0.787** | 0.772** | 0.526** | -0.514** |
STN | 1 | 0.255 | 0.688** | -0.322* | |
C/N | 1 | 0.128 | -0.489** | ||
Soil moisture | 1 | -0.035 | |||
Soil bulk density | 1 |
表2 土壤有机碳与总氮、碳氮比、土壤含水量以及土壤容重的相关分析表
Table 2 Correlation analysis between SOC content and STN content, C/N, soil moisture and soil bulk density
指标 Index | SOC | STN | C/N | Soil moisture | Soil bulk density |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SOC | 1 | 0.787** | 0.772** | 0.526** | -0.514** |
STN | 1 | 0.255 | 0.688** | -0.322* | |
C/N | 1 | 0.128 | -0.489** | ||
Soil moisture | 1 | -0.035 | |||
Soil bulk density | 1 |
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