北京西山国家森林公园空气负离子与NOx浓度动态特征分析

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.08.012

生态环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (8): 1654-1661.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.08.012

北京西山国家森林公园空气负离子与NO_x浓度动态特征分析

李少宁¹^,²(), 赵旭¹^,², 王君怡¹^,², 鲁绍伟¹^,²^,^*(), 赵娜¹, 徐晓天¹

1.北京市农林科学院林业果树研究所,北京 100093
2.沈阳农业大学,辽宁沈阳 110866

收稿日期:2021-01-11 出版日期:2021-08-18 发布日期:2021-11-03
通讯作者: * 鲁绍伟（1969年生）,男,研究员,博士,主要从事水土保持、森林生态服务功能研究。E-mail: hblsw8@163.com
作者简介:李少宁（1975年生）,男,副研究员,博士,主要研究方向为城市森林生态功能研究。E-mail: lishaoning@126.com
基金资助:
北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设资助项目(KJCX20200801);北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设资助项目(KJCX20190301);北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设资助项目(KJCX20200602);北京市自然科学基金项目(8212044);北京市自然科学基金项目(5202028)

Dynamic Characteristic Analysis of Negative Air Ion and NO_x Concentration in Beijing Xishan National Forest Park

LI Shaoning¹^,²(), ZHAO Xu¹^,², WANG Junyi¹^,², LU Shaowei¹^,²^,^*(), ZHAO Na¹, XU Xiaotian¹

1. Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
2. Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China

Received:2021-01-11 Online:2021-08-18 Published:2021-11-03

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

空气负离子能直观地反映空气质量,可以增加空气的舒适性且对人体生理功能有积极影响。利用位于北京西山国家级森林公园的城市森林生态环境监测站长期定位观测数据,包括空气负离子浓度（NAIC）、氮氧化物（NO_x）浓度和气象因子等,探究其时空动态变化及彼此相关性特征,为城市森林康养规划及大气治理措施提供参考。研究结果表明,（1）NAIC和NO_x质量浓度季节差异显著,NAIC表现为夏季[(2272.24±250.57) ion∙cm^-3]>春季[(1777.28±60.06) ion∙cm^-3]>秋季[(1628.72±248.61) ion∙cm^-3]>冬季[(1240.86±169.49) ion∙cm^-3];NO_x质量浓度表现为冬季[(132.89±37.57) μg∙m^-3]>秋季[(71.58±8.66) μg∙m^-3]>春季[(34.41±8.89) μg∙m^-3]>夏季[(9.74±5.850) μg∙m^-3];两者在春、冬两季呈负相关关系（R²= -0.671,R²= -0.420）。（2）晴天条件下,NAIC通常于下午14:00左右达到峰值[(1899.79±14.39) ion∙cm^-3];NO_x质量浓度白天低于夜间。（3）降水条件下,NAIC呈单峰曲线,表现为大雨[(2593.95±760.34) ion∙cm^-3]>小雨[(1817.15±149.29) ion∙cm^-3]>无雨[(1785.22±141.72) ion∙cm^-3];在雨天NO_x质量浓度基本一致,为平缓曲线,无雨条件下为双峰曲线,具体表现为无雨[(30.38±16.11) μg∙m^-3]>小雨[(12.04±2.26) μg∙m^-3]>大雨[(10.08±6.36) μg∙m^-3]。（4）起风条件下,NAIC随风速增加而增大,表现为和风 (2069.99 ion∙cm^-3, 6.2 m∙s^-1)>微风 (2022.63 ion∙cm^-3, 4.8 m∙s^-1)>轻风 (1928.51 ion∙cm^-3, 2.9 m∙s^-1);NO_x浓度则受风力抑制,浓度降低。综上所述,城市森林通过对NO_x的净化作用,可改善森林绿地结构、提高NAIC,从而影响二者的相关性。

关键词: 北京西山国家森林公园, 城市森林, 空气负离子, NO_x, 典型天气, 相关性

Abstract:

In recent years, negative air ions have received wide attention due to the effects of directly reflecting air quality, increasing air comfort and improving human physiological function. In this study, the long-term observation data of negative air ion concentration (NAIC), Nitrogen oxide (NO_x) concentration and meteorological factors were collected from an urban forest ecological environment monitoring station located in Xishan National Forest Park in Beijing. We are aiming to explore the temporal and spatial dynamic changes and correlations among these parameters, and further provide reference for forest health planning and air control measures. The results show that: (1) NAIC and NO_x concentrations were significantly different in different seasons. NAIC was as follows: summer [(2272.24±250.57) ion∙cm^-3]>spring [(1777.28±60.06) ion∙cm^-3]>autumn [(1628.72±248.61) ion∙cm^-3]>winter [(1240.86±169.49) ion∙cm^-3]. The concentration of NO_x was as follows: winter [(132.89±37.57) μg∙m^-3]>autumn [(71.58±8.66) μg∙m^-3]>spring [(34.41±8.89) μg∙m^-3]>summer [(9.74±5.85) μg∙m^-3]. In spring and winter, they presented negative correlations between each other (R²= -0.671, R²= -0.420). (2) Under sunshine condition, NAIC usually peaks around 14:00 [(1899.79±14.39) ion∙cm^-3], while NO_x concentration was lower in daytime than nighttime. (3) Under rainy condition, NAIC showed a trend of unimodal curve, with heavy rain [(2593.95±760.34) ion∙cm^-3]>light rain [(1817.15±149.29) ion∙cm^-3]>no rain [(1785.22±141.72) ion∙cm^-3]. NO_x concentrations remained unchanged with a smooth curve under rainy condition, but showed a trend of bimodal curve under no rain condition, with concentrations as follows: no rain [(30.38±16.11) μg∙m^-3]>light rain [(12.04±2.26) μg∙m^-3]>heavy rain [(10.08±6.36) μg∙m^-3]. (4) Under windy condition, NAIC increased with wind speed, with moderate breeze (2069.99 ion∙cm^-3, 6.2 m∙s^-1)>gentle breeze (2022.63 ion∙cm^-3, 4.8 m∙s^-1)>light breeze (1928.51 ion∙cm^-3, 2.9 m∙s^-1); The concentrations of NO_x decreased with the increased of the wind speed. In conclusion, urban forest can improve the structure of forest green space and increase NAIC through the purification effect of NO_x to affect the correlation between these two air quality indicators.

Key words: Beijing Xishan National Forest Park, urban forest, negative air ion, NO_x, typical weather conditions, correlation

中图分类号:

李少宁, 赵旭, 王君怡, 鲁绍伟, 赵娜, 徐晓天. 北京西山国家森林公园空气负离子与NO_x浓度动态特征分析[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(8): 1654-1661.

LI Shaoning, ZHAO Xu, WANG Junyi, LU Shaowei, ZHAO Na, XU Xiaotian. Dynamic Characteristic Analysis of Negative Air Ion and NO_x Concentration in Beijing Xishan National Forest Park[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2021, 30(8): 1654-1661.

图/表 8

图1 不同季节NAIC与NOx质量浓度的季节变动特征

Fig. 1 Seasonal variation characteristics of NAIC and NOx mass concentration in different seasons

图2 晴天条件下空气负离子、NOx质量浓度日变化对比

Fig. 2 Comparison of diurnal changes of air anion and NOx mass concentration under sunny conditions

图3 雨天条件下NAIC与NOx质量浓度的变化

Fig. 3 Changes of NAIC and NOx mass concentration in rainy days

图4 起风条件下NAIC与NOx质量浓度的变化

Fig. 4 Variation of NAIC and NOx mass concentrations in windy conditions ion∙cm-3

表1 不同季节的NAIC与NOx质量浓度及气象因子的相关性分析

Table 1 Correlation analysis of NAIC, NOx mass concentration and meteorological factors in different seasons

季节 season	NO_x质量浓度 NO_x mass concentration	温度 Tmperature	湿度 Humidity	风速 Wind speed	气压 Air pressure
春 Spring	-0.671**	0.241	-0.265	0.329*	0.244**
夏 Summer	-0.167	-0.158*	0.122	-0.351	-0.011
秋 Autumn	-0.272	-0.320*	-0.144	0.242	0.050
冬 Winter	-0.420*	0.219**	-0.214*	0.213*	0.208**

表2 不同季节的NAIC与NOx浓度及气象因子的多元回归分析

Table 2 Multiple regression analysis of NAIC, NOx mass concentration and meteorological factors in different seasons

季节 season	回归方程 The regression equation	显著性 Significance
春季 Spring	Y_NAIC= -0.098x₁+209.006 Y_NAIC= -0.078x₁-9.434x₂+181.027	0.000 0.000
冬季 Winter	Y_NAIC= -0.094x₁+250.932	0.000

表3 不同季节的NOx质量浓度与NAIC及气象因子的相关性分析

Table 3 Correlation analysis of NOx mass concentration, NAIC and meteorological factors in different seasons

季节 season	负离子浓度 NAIC	温度 Tmperature	湿度 Humidity	风速 Wind speed	气压 Air pressure
春 Spring	-0.671**	0.086	0.431*	-0.536**	-0.155
夏 Summer	-0.167	0.192	-0.038	-0.213	-0.149
秋 Autumn	-0.272	0.093	0.414*	-0.431*	-0.420*
冬 Winter	-0.420*	0.257*	-0.257	-0.402*	-0.271

表4 不同季节的NOx质量浓度与NAIC及气象因子的多元回归分析

Table 4 Multiple regression analysis of NOx mass concentration, NAIC and meteorological factors in different seasons

季节 season	回归方程 The regression equation	显著性 Significance
春季 Spring	Y_NO_x= -4.587x_NAIC+1935.139	0.000
冬季 Winter	Y_NO_x= -1.672x_NAIC+1455.227	0.000

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北京西山国家森林公园空气负离子与NO_x浓度动态特征分析

Dynamic Characteristic Analysis of Negative Air Ion and NO_x Concentration in Beijing Xishan National Forest Park

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北京西山国家森林公园空气负离子与NOx浓度动态特征分析

Dynamic Characteristic Analysis of Negative Air Ion and NOx Concentration in Beijing Xishan National Forest Park

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北京西山国家森林公园空气负离子与NO_x浓度动态特征分析

Dynamic Characteristic Analysis of Negative Air Ion and NO_x Concentration in Beijing Xishan National Forest Park