广州城市森林及不同地表垫面对暴雨径流与PAHs、TOC的影响

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.09.011

生态环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (9): 1865-1878.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.09.011

广州城市森林及不同地表垫面对暴雨径流与PAHs、TOC的影响

陈步峰(), 王莘仪, 肖以华, 吴巧花

中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所,广东广州 510520

收稿日期:2021-08-29 出版日期:2021-09-18 发布日期:2021-12-08
作者简介:陈步峰（1958年生）,男,研究员,研究方向为森林生态系统生态学、生态水文学。E-mail: zsjcsdwcbf@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31770492);国家林业局科技创心平台运行补助(2018LYPT-DW-135);广州市林业与园林局“广州城市森林生态效益监测与分析、研究(2017-2019)

Impact on Rainstorm Surface Runoff and PAHs as well as TOC for the Forest and Different Lower Cushion Surface in Guangzhou, China

CHEN Bufeng(), WANG Xinyi, XIAO Yihua, WU Qiaohua

Research Institute of Tropical Forest, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China

Received:2021-08-29 Online:2021-09-18 Published:2021-12-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了系统地计量城市不同地表垫面暴雨产流及有机毒性物负荷,连续3年在广州市帽峰山林区开展了森林及不同地表垫面的暴雨径流及PAHs、TOC质量浓度和水文通量的定位对比观测研究。结果反映出：22次暴雨水泥地表的平均产流率达 (90.0%±3.2%),分别是草被及针阔叶混交林、常绿阔叶林地表相应的13.9、24.5、27.2倍;年均90.8%的暴雨量在水泥地表形成为径流,草被、森林的年暴雨地表径流量则相对水泥地表相应平均减小分别为92.5%、95.8%。水泥地表应对暴雨的径流响应关系为极显著的线性关系（R²=0.998）,而草被及针阔混交林、常绿阔叶林地表相应的均呈极显著的对数关系（R²=0.90、0.94、0.93）;草被覆盖度增长与其地表暴雨产流率负相关性显著。暴雨及各地表垫面径流PAHs质量浓度20次检测结果对比统计,相对于沥青地表暴雨径流∑16PAHs总的质量浓度 (154.4±52.2) ng∙L^-1,相应的草被、针阔混交林及常绿阔叶林的地表径流中净减少在42.0%—31.7%之间、地表径流6种PAHs（FLA、BbF、BkF、BaP、IcdP、BghiP）的每种质量浓度的减小率平均在55.9%—47.9%之间;相对暴雨中∑16PAHs及6组代表物的质量浓度,草被及2类森林的地表径流相应减小分别在12.1%—23.5%和17.6%—6.2%之间,且对暴雨中10种PAHs组分中依次有7、6、6种组分的质量浓度均产生更显著的去除效应。暴雨—地表径流中TOC的质量浓度17次检测结果的对比,草被、2类森林相对水泥地表径流中TOC质量浓度的增加范围在61.9%—75.7%间,而相对于暴雨中TOC质量浓度则增加在1.58—1.80倍间。依据2年暴雨径流统计,草被及森林地表垫面净储存年暴雨中∑16PAHs、TOC通量的平均范围分别在94.2%—97.0%和82.4%—90.2%间,而相对水泥地表则年径流中∑16PAHs通量净减少范围在92.3%—96.4%间、TOC通量净减少在87.9%—93.3%间;同时,其相对于年暴雨、水泥地表径流中PAHs各组分通量的储滤率均值分别大于93.0%、95.0%、96.0%。由此解析出,草被及森林地表垫面应对暴雨可显著减小地表产流及有机污染物流失,尤其是森林的冠层截留及土壤水持续下渗生态性能,更有效地消减暴雨径流量、储滤PAHs及TOC,而相比于地表硬质垫面则消减储滤影响效应更为显著;这对于城市区域的极端暴雨水患及水质毒性物危害的防治具有不可替代的生态环境效益。

关键词: 城市森林不同下垫面, 暴雨地表径流及PAHs、TOC, 径流消减, PAHs及TOC储滤

Abstract:

Using the method of comparative observation at positioning, the ecohydrological influences on rainstorm-surface runoff as well as its PAHs, TOC concentration and flux had been researched by different ground surface cushion and forest in the forest area of Maofeng mountain of Guangzhou for 3 consecutive years. And main purpose of the study is to reveal systematically the effects of different urban surface mats on the rainstorm-runoff and organic pollutant loads. The results show that average runoff yield of cement surface in 22 rainstorms was 90.0% that was 13.9, 24.5 and 27.2 times as much as the surface runoff in the grass and the coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest as well as the evergreen broad-leaved forest respectively. 90.8% of the annual storm rainfall was to became the runoff of cement surface. And the annual rainstorm surface runoff of grass quivers and forests decreased by 92.5% and 95.8% respectively compared with that of cement surface. There is a very significant linear regression relation (R²=0.998) between the storm rainfall and the surface runoff on cement. However, their relationship on the grass cover ground, coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest and evergreen broad-leaved forest cushion surface is all very significant logarithm regression (R²=0.90, 0.94, 0.95). Furthermore, with the increasing community coverage of grass, the average rainstorm-runoff rate of rainstorm on its surface ground decreased significantly. In addition, the observations indicated that a significant decline range from 31.7% to 42.0% in terms of the total mass concentration of ∑16PAHs in rainstorm-surface runoff for the grass cover ground, coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest and evergreen broad-leaved forest relative to the asphalt cushion surface. In particular, the average net reduction rate of mass concentrations for per representational PAHs (e.g., FLA, BbF, BkF, BaP, IcdP, BghiP) in rainstorm-surface runoff of the grass cover ground and forest was from 55.9 to 47.9 percent relative to the asphalt cushion surface. Compared with the mass concentration of Σ16PAHs and 6 groups of representatives in the rainstorm, that of the surface runoff of grass and 2 types forests decreased correspondingly between 12.1—23.5 percent and 17.6—6.2 percent respectively. While in the 10 PAHs components of the rainstorm, the mass concentration of 7, 6 and 6 components were reduced. Of note, compared with the cement surface, the TOC mass concentration in rainstorm-surface runoff of the grass cover ground, coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest and evergreen broad-leaved forest was increased by 61.9% to 75.7%, respectively. While that relative to the TOC mass concentration in rainstorm increased by 1.58 to 1.80 times. The abundant organic matter capacity of surface vegetation groups is the main reason leading to the high content of surface runoff TOC in rainstorm. Due to the significant decrease of the rainstorm-surface runoff on the grass cover ground and forest, the annual flux of PAHs and TOC in its surface runoff caused by the rainstorm was decreased significantly. According to the flux comparison in rainstorm-runoff for 2 years, annual Σ16PAHs and TOC flux in rainstorm was stored between 94.2%—97.0% and 82.4%—90.2% by the grass and the forest system. And annual Σ16PAHs and TOC flux in surface runoff of the grass and the forest net reduced between 92.3%—96.4% and 87.9%—93.3% relative to that of the cement surface runoff. At the same time, storage rate in each PAHs component of the grass and the coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest as well as the evergreen broad-leaved forest relative to the annual rainstorm and cement surface runoff was greater than 93.0%, 95.0% and 96.0%, respectively. The novelty of this study provides a better understanding of the urban forest ecosystem, with its eco-hydrological effects at the multi-layer interface, can significantly reduce rainstorm-surface runoff and store and filter water quality PAHs and TOC, which has irreplaceable ecological and environmental benefits to prevent the rainstorm floods as well as endangers of runoff toxic substances in urban areas.

Key words: urban forest and different underlying surface, rainstorm-runoff and PAHs,TOC, runoff abatement, TOC and PAHS storage and filtration

中图分类号:

X143
X171.1

陈步峰, 王莘仪, 肖以华, 吴巧花. 广州城市森林及不同地表垫面对暴雨径流与PAHs、TOC的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(9): 1865-1878.

CHEN Bufeng, WANG Xinyi, XIAO Yihua, WU Qiaohua. Impact on Rainstorm Surface Runoff and PAHs as well as TOC for the Forest and Different Lower Cushion Surface in Guangzhou, China[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2021, 30(9): 1865-1878.

图/表 16

图1 帽峰山天湖降雨、地表径流观测实验场示意图

Fig. 1 The experimental observation field for rainfall, surface runoff in the Tianhu of Maofeng Mountain

图2 实验区暴雨与森林及不同地表垫面的地表径流中∑16PAHs浓度图中：RS——暴雨（n=20）;Ce. R——水泥地表径流（n=20）;Asp. R——沥青地表径流（n=15）;Gr. R—草被地表径流（n=19）;CBF R——针阔叶混交林地表径流（n=19）;BF R——常绿阔叶林地表径流（n=19）。以下图中类推

Fig. 2 Mass concentration of ∑16PAHs in rainstorm, surface runoff for forest and different surface cushion in test region In the picture: RS——Rainstorm; Ce. R——Runoff on the cement surface; Asp. R——Runoff on the asphalt surface; Gr. R——Surface runoff of grass cover; CBF R——Surface runoff of the conifer broad-leaved mixed forest; BF R——Surface runoff of the everygreen broad-leaved forest. n-Water simple size. That of the following figure is the same

图3 实验区暴雨及森林与不同地表垫面地表径流中TOC质量浓度（a）及∑16PAHs/TOC质量浓度比（b）水样 Water sample n=17

Fig. 3 TOC mass concentration and ∑16PAHs/TOC in the rainstorm and surface runoff of different surface cushion in test region

图4 实验区暴雨及水森林及不同地表垫面的地表径流中PAHs代表物质量浓度比较 PAHs代表物 Representational PAHs

Fig. 4 Mass concentration of PAHs in the rainstorm and surface runoff of different surface cushion in test region

图5 不同地表径流中6种PAHs的质量浓度相比沥青地表径流、暴雨中相应的净增减

Fig. 5 Change of 6 kinds PAHs in surface runoff of different surface cushion relative to Asp. R (a) or RS (b) in test area

图6 实验区暴雨与森林及不同地表垫面地表径流中10种PAHs组分质量浓度

Fig. 6 Mass concentration of 10 kinds PAHs in the rainstorms and surface runoff of different surface cushion in test area

图7 实验区草被和森林地表径流相比暴雨（a）与沥青地表径流（b）中10种PAHs质量浓度的净增减

Fig. 7 Net change in 10 kinds PAHs in surface runoff of the forest and Gr.R relative to RS (a) and Asp.R (b) in test area

图8 实验区3年的暴雨量与水泥地表径流量（a）及其两者间的关系（b）

Fig. 8 RS volume and Ce.R for 3 years (a) and the relationship between both (b)

图9 草被地表径流量与暴雨量间的关系（a）及暴雨径流率随草被覆盖度的变化（b）

Fig. 9 Relationship between Gr.R and RS (a) and the change of runoff rate with surface coverage of grass (b)

图10 两种森林类型的暴雨量与相应的林冠层截留率间的关系

Fig. 10 The relationship between rainstorm and interception rate by the forest crown for the two types of forest area

图11 针阔混交林（a）、常绿阔叶林（b）的地表产流量与相应的暴雨量的关系

Fig. 11 The relationship between rainstorm and CBFR (a), BFR (b) in experimental area

图12 实验区不同地表垫面的地表暴雨产流率比较 Ce.——水泥地表 Cement surface;Gr.——草被地表 Asphalt surface;CBF——针阔叶混交林地表垫面 Ground surface of coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest;BF——常绿阔叶林地表垫面 Ground surface of evergreen broad-leaved forest

Fig. 12 Rainstorm runoff rate on the different surface cushion in experimental forest area

图13 实验区年暴雨量与不同地表垫面年地表径流量及∑16PAHs通量（a、b）

Fig. 13 Annual rainstorm and runoff flux, ∑16PAHs flux for the different surface cushion in test area (a, b)

图14 年暴雨及不同地表垫面地表径流TOC通量（a）及相对贮存率（b、c）

Fig. 14 Annual TOC flux (a) and relative decrease by rainstorm and surface runoff on different surface cushion in test area

图15 相对年暴雨及水泥地表径流中PAHs代表物通量、森林及草被地表径流中的净减率（a、b）

Fig. 15 Relative to annual PAHs representative flux in RS (a) and Ce.R (b), net decrease in Gr.R and BF R of test area

图16 相对于年暴雨量及水泥地表径流中10种PAHs通量（a、b）,草被、森林相应的年净减率

Fig. 16 Relative to annual flux of 10 kinds PAHs in RS (a) and Ce.R (b), the decrease of the Gr.R and BF R in test area

参考文献 17

[1]	CHEN B F, PEI N C, HUANG J B, et al., 2015. Removal of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Precipitation in an Urban Forest of Guangzhou, South China[J]. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 95(2): 240-245. DOI URL
[2]	DIBLASI C J, LI H, DAVIS A P, et al., 2009. Removal and fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollutants in an urban stormwater bioretention facility[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 43(2): 494-502. DOI URL
[3]	NGABE B, BIDLEMAN T F, SCOTT G I, 2000. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in storm runoff from urban and coastal south Carolina[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 255(1): 1-9. DOI URL
[4]	SMITH J A, SIEVERS M, HUANG S, et al., 2000. Occurrence and phase distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban storm-water runoff[J]. Water Science and Technology, 42(3-4): 383-388.
[5]	边璐, 李田, 侯娟, 2013. PMF和PCA/MLR法解析上海市高架道路地表径流中多环芳烃的来源[J]. 环境科学, 34(10): 3840-3846.
	BIAN L, LI T, HOU J, et al., 2013. Source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using two mathematical models for runoff of the Shanghai elevated inner highway, China[J]. Environmental Science, 34(10): 3841-3846.
[6]	车丽娜, 刘硕, 于益, 等, 2019. 哈尔滨市融雪径流中多环芳烃污染生态风险评价[J]. 环境科学学报, 39(10): 3508-3515.
	CHE L N, LIU S, YU Y, et al., 2019. Ecological risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pollution in snowmelt runoff in Harbin[J]. Acta Scientiac Circumstantiae, 39(10): 3508-3515.
[7]	陈步峰, 陈勇, 尹光天, 等, 2004. 珠江三角洲城市森林植被生态系统水质效应研究[J]. 林业科学研究, 17(4): 453-46.
	CHEN B F, CHEN Y, YIN G T, et al., 2004. Study on effect of the water quality in urban forest ecosystem of Zhujiang delta, China[J]. Forest Research, 17(4): 453-460.
[8]	陈步峰, 林明献, 周光益, 等, 1998. 热带雨林生态系统的暴雨水文效应特征的研究[J]. 生态学杂志, 17(Z): 20-25.
	CHEN B F, LIN M X, ZHOU G Y, et al., 1998. Characters of the rainstorm hydro-effect in tropical mountain rainforest[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology. 17(Z): 20-25.
[9]	陈步峰, 粟娟, 肖以华, 等, 2011. 广州市帽峰山常绿阔叶林生态系统的暴雨水文特征[J]. 生态环境学报, 20(5): 829-833.
	CHEN B F, SU J, XIAO Y H, et al., 2011. The runoff character of rainstorm in Maofeng Mountain evergreen broad-leaved forest ecosystem in Guangzhou[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 20(5): 829-833.
[10]	陈步峰, 周光益, 曾庆波, 等, 1997. 热带山地雨林生态系统的水分生态效应--冠层对暴雨势能的消减、暴雨养分贮存[J]. 生态学报, 17(6): 627-635.
	CHEN B F, ZHOU G Y, ZENG Q B, et al., 1997. Hydro-ecological effect tropical mountain rainforest ecosystem: Potential energy of storm decreased by canopy and nutrients of storm stored in the system[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 17(6): 627-635.
[11]	李军, 张干, 祁士华, 2004. 广州市大气中多环芳烃分布特征、季节变化及其影响因素[J]. 环境科学, 25(3): 7-13.
	LI J, ZHANG G, QI S H, 2004. Characteristics and Seasonal Variations and Influence Factors on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Guangzhou City[J]. Environmental Science, 25(3): 7-13.
[12]	吴巧花, 陈步峰, 裴男才, 等, 2018. 广州不同地表下垫面对暴雨径流PAHs含量的影响特征[J]. 生态环境学报, 27(4): 736-743.
	WU Q H, CHEN B F, PEI N C, et al., 2018. The influence characteristics of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) content of rainstorm runoff in different surface in Guangzhou city[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 27(4): 736-743.
[13]	武子澜, 杨毅, 刘敏, 等, 2014. 城市不同下垫面降雨径流多环芳烃 (PAHs) 分布及源解析[J]. 环境科学, 35(11): 4148-4156.
	WU Z L, YANG Y, LIU M, et al., 2014. Distribution and Source Apportionment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Urban Rainfall Runoff[J]. Environmental Science, 35(11): 4148-4156.
[14]	谢继峰, 李静静, 窦月芹, 等, 2015. 不同下垫面类型对地表径流中PAHs污染特征的影响分析[J]. 环境化学, 34(4): 733-740.
	XIE J F, LI J J, DOU Y Q, et al., 2015. Pollution characteristics of PAHs in urban runoffs on different types of underlying surfaces[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 34(4): 733-740.
[15]	张娜, 陈步峰, 粟娟, 等, 2010. 广州市帽峰山常绿阔叶林生态系统对降水PAHs的生态效应[J]. 东北林业大学学报, 38(4): 22-24.
	ZHANG N, CHEN B F, SU J, et al., 2010. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in rainfall in the evergreen broad-leved forest in Maofeng mountain Guangzhou[J]. Journal of Northeast Forestry University, 38(4): 22-24.
[16]	张巍, 张树才, 万超, 等, 2008. 北京城市道路地表径流及相关介质中PAHs的源解析[J]. 环境科学, 29(6): 1478-1483.
	ZHANG W, ZHANG S C, WAN C, et al., 2008. PAHs sources in road runoff system in Beijing[J]. Environmental Science, 29(6): 1478-1483.
[17]	邹志谨, 陈步峰, 2017. 广州市帽峰山两种主要林型的暴雨水文特征[J]. 生态环境学报, 26(5): 770-777.
	ZHOU Z J, CHEN B F, 2017. Hydrological features of rainstorms in two forest types in Maofeng Mountain of Guangzhou[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 26(5): 770-777.

广州城市森林及不同地表垫面对暴雨径流与PAHs、TOC的影响

Impact on Rainstorm Surface Runoff and PAHs as well as TOC for the Forest and Different Lower Cushion Surface in Guangzhou, China

RichHTML

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 16

参考文献 17

相关文章 3

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	郝金虎, 韦玮, 李胜男, 马牧源, 李肖夏, 杨洪国, 姜琦宇, 柴沛东. 基于GEE平台的京津冀长时序水体时空格局及其影响因素[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(3): 556-566.
[2]	陈步峰, 肖以华, 吴巧花. 广州市内与近郊林区暴雨及硬质地表径流PAHs质量负荷的差异特征[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(9): 1879-1887.
[3]	周丹, 张娟, 罗静, 郭广, 李宝华. 青海湖水位变化成因分析及其未来趋势预估研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(7): 1482-1491.