土壤-油用牡丹系统重金属含量及生态健康风险分析

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.06.020

生态环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (6): 1286-1292.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.06.020

土壤-油用牡丹系统重金属含量及生态健康风险分析

强承魁¹^,²(), 曹丹¹^,², 赵虎¹, 张明¹, 丁永辉¹, 关滢¹, 张光琴¹, 沈文妍¹, 秦越华¹^,^*()

1.徐州生物工程职业技术学院/徐州市现代农业生物技术重点实验室,江苏徐州 221006
2.徐州市生态健康学会,江苏徐州 221116

收稿日期:2021-02-19 出版日期:2021-06-18 发布日期:2021-09-10
通讯作者: * 秦越华（1965年生）,男,副教授,硕士,主要从事现代农业生物技术和职教管理研究。E-mail: yuehua5855@sina.com
作者简介:强承魁（1978年生）,男,教授,博士,主要从事农产品安全与质量控制技术研究。E-mail: bioqck@163.com
基金资助:
江苏现代农业产业技术体系建设项目[JATS(2020);江苏高校青蓝工程项目(JSQL201812)

Contents and Ecological Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soil-Oil Peony System

QIANG Chengkui¹^,²(), CAO Dan¹^,², ZHAO Hu¹, ZHANG Ming¹, DING Yonghui¹, GUAN Ying¹, ZHANG Guanqin¹, SHEN Wenyan¹, QIN Yuehua¹^,^*()

1. Xuzhou City Key Laboratory of Modern AgroBiotechnology, Xuzhou Vocational College of Bioengineering, Xuzhou 221006, China
2. Xuzhou City Society of Ecological Health, Xuzhou 221116, China

Received:2021-02-19 Online:2021-06-18 Published:2021-09-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

油用牡丹产区土壤重金属污染状况直接关系到其产品安全和人体健康。为了解研究区土壤-油用牡丹系统中重金属含量及生态健康风险,分别测定了土壤和籽粒中Pb、Cd、Hg、As、Cu、Cr元素含量,并对其污染状况进行分析。结果表明,土壤中仅Cd、Cu和Cr平均含量分别超中国土壤元素背景值0.27、0.06和0.21倍,其他3种元素均低于背景值。所测元素含量均低于《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准》（GB 15618—2018）中的风险筛选值,其中Cd、Hg为强变异。单因子污染指数、内梅罗综合污染指数分别显示土壤中所测元素污染等级为无污染,地累积指数评价污染等级为0级,潜在生态风险评价有33.33%的土壤样本为中等生态风险并以Cd为主要贡献因子。基于《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》（GB 2762—2017）中指标,油用牡丹籽粒中仅见Pb超标率达100%,超标倍数介于1.4—2.45倍。该土壤-油用牡丹系统中Pb、Cu的来源相似性较大,呈现相互伴随的复合污染现象,应引起足够重视。

关键词: 重金属, 生态健康风险, 污染特征, 土壤, 油用牡丹, 地累积指数

Abstract:

The pollution of heavy meals in soils from growing region for oil peony will directly affect producty safety and human health. To understand the contents and ecological health risk of heavy metal in soil-oil peony system, the contents of Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Cu and Cr in soils and grains were determined, respectively. Then the pollution state of each heavy metal was evaluated. The results showed that the average contents of Cd, Cu, Cr in soils were about 0.27, 0.06, 0.21 times, respectively, higher compared with national background values of corresponding soil elements. The contents of the other 3 heavy metals were lower than the corresponding values. The contents of 6 heavy metals in soils from all tested regions were lower than the risk screening values in soil environmental quality-risk control standards for soil contamination of agricultural land (GB 15618—2018). The variability of Cd and Hg was strong. Single pollution index and Nemero comprehensive pollution indices indicated that pollution grade of 6 heavy metals in soils was pollution-free. 0 level of pollution was found by Geoaccumulation index. About 33.33% of the total samples reached medium level of the potential ecological risk of heavy metals by potential ecological risk assessment, and Cd as the main pollution factor was found. According to the limits of pollutants in food safety national standard (GB 2762—2017), there were 100% grain samples with Cd contents exceeding the limit. Meanwhile, the exceeding multiple was between 1.4 times and 2.45 times. The sources of Pb and Cu in soil-oil peony system were relatively similar. Meanwhile, combined pollution phenomenon of these two elements was found and must arouse enough attention.

Key words: heavy metals, ecological health risk, pollution characteristics, soil, oil peony, Geoaccumulation index

中图分类号:

X53
X820.4

强承魁, 曹丹, 赵虎, 张明, 丁永辉, 关滢, 张光琴, 沈文妍, 秦越华. 土壤-油用牡丹系统重金属含量及生态健康风险分析[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(6): 1286-1292.

QIANG Chengkui, CAO Dan, ZHAO Hu, ZHANG Ming, DING Yonghui, GUAN Ying, ZHANG Guanqin, SHEN Wenyan, QIN Yuehua. Contents and Ecological Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soil-Oil Peony System[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2021, 30(6): 1286-1292.

图/表 8

表1 地累积指数分级标准

Table 1 Graduation standard of Igeo

I_geo	污染等级 Level of pollution	污染程度 Degree of pollution
I_geo≤0	0	无污染 Pollution-free
0<I_geo≤1	1	轻度污染 Slight pollution
1<I_geo≤2	2	偏中度污染 Bias moderate pllution
2<I_geo≤3	3	中度污染 Moderate pllution
3<I_geo≤4	4	偏重污染 Bias heavy pollution
4<I_geo≤5	5	重污染 Heavy pollution
I_geo>5	6	严重污染 Severe pollution

表2 Hakanson潜在生态风险分级标准

Table 2 Graduation standard of Hakanson potential ecological risk

RI	生态风险 Ecological risk	$E_{\mathrm{r}}^{i}$	生态风险 Ecological risk
RI<110	低 Low	$E_{\mathrm{r}}^{i}$<40	低 Low
110≤RI<220	中等 Moderate	40≤$E_{\mathrm{r}}^{i}$<80	中等 Moderate
220≤RI<440	强 Strong	80≤$E_{\mathrm{r}}^{i}$<160	强 Strong
220≤RI<440	强 Strong	160≤$E_{\mathrm{r}}^{i}$<320	很强 Very
RI≥440	极强 Extremely strong	$E_{\mathrm{r}}^{i}$≥320	极强 Extremely strong

表3 研究区土壤重金属含量的描述性统计

Table 3 Summary statistics of heavy metal contents in soils from study area mg∙kg-1

元素 Element	平均值 Mean	最大值 Maximum	最小值 Minimum	标准差 Standard deviation	变异系数 Coefficient of variance/%	背景值^* Background value	风险筛选值^** Screening value
Pb	24.92	28.70	20.42	3.52	14.13	26.0	170
Cd	0.123	0.231	0.043	0.061	49.59	0.097	0.6
Hg	0.028	0.052	0.017	0.012	42.86	0.065	3.4
As	7.08	9.03	5.72	1.35	19.07	11.2	25
Cu	23.94	28.01	20.18	2.98	12.45	22.6	100
Cr	74.00	85.37	63.91	9.18	12.41	61	250

表4 研究区土壤重金属的 P i和 P值

Table 4 Pi and P values of heavy metal in soils from study area

统计值 Statistic	P_i						$P$
统计值 Statistic	Pb	Cd	Hg	As	Cu	Cr	$P$
平均值 Mean	0.15	0.21	0.01	0.28	0.24	0.30	0.25
最大值 Maximum	0.17	0.39	0.02	0.36	0.28	0.34	0.33
最小值 Minimum	0.12	0.07	0.01	0.23	0.20	0.26	0.21

表4 研究区土壤重金属的 P i和 P值

Table 4 Pi and P values of heavy metal in soils from study area

统计值 Statistic	P_i						$P$
统计值 Statistic	Pb	Cd	Hg	As	Cu	Cr	$P$
平均值 Mean	0.15	0.21	0.01	0.28	0.24	0.30	0.25
最大值 Maximum	0.17	0.39	0.02	0.36	0.28	0.34	0.33
最小值 Minimum	0.12	0.07	0.01	0.23	0.20	0.26	0.21

表5 研究区土壤重金属的Igeo及累积等级

Table 5 Igeo and accumulation levels (L) of heavy metals in soils from study area

统计值 Statistic	Pb		Cd		Hg		As		Cu		Cr
统计值 Statistic	I_geo	L	I_geo	L	I_geo	L	I_geo	L	I_geo	L	I_geo	L
平均值 Mean	-0.65	0	-0.24	0	-1.80	0	-1.25	0	-0.50	0	-0.31	0
最大值 Maximum	-0.44	0	-0.67	0	-0.91	0	-0.90	0	-0.28	0	-0.10	0
最小值 Minimum	-0.93	0	-1.76	0	-2.52	0	-1.55	0	-0.75	0	-0.52	0

表6 研究区土壤重金属的$E_{\mathrm{r}}^{i}$和RI值

Table6 $E_{\mathrm{r}}^{i}$ and RI values of heavy metal in soils from study area

统计值 Statistic		$E_{\mathrm{r}}^{i}$						RI
统计值 Statistic		Pb	Cd	Hg	As	Cu	Cr	RI
平均值 Mean		4.79	38.04	17.23	6.32	5.30	2.43	74.11
最大值 Maximum		5.52	71.44	32.00	8.06	6.20	2.80	126.02
最小值 Minimum		3.93	13.30	10.46	5.11	4.46	2.10	39.35
样品污染点个数 Pollution points of sample	低 Low	6	4	6	6	6	6	4
样品污染点个数 Pollution points of sample	中等 Moderate	0	2	0	0	0	0	2

表7 研究区油用牡丹籽粒重金属含量的描述性统计

Table 7 Summary statistics of heavy metal contents in oil peony grains from study area mg∙kg-1

元素 Element	平均值 Mean	最大值 Maximum	最小值 Minimum	标准差 Standard deviation	变异系数 Coefficient of variance/%	标准值 Background value	超标率 Over-limit ratio/%
Pb	0.59	0.69	0.48	0.09	15.25	0.2^*	100
Cd	0.059	0.073	0.043	0.011	18.64	0.1^**	0
Hg	‒	‒	‒	‒	‒	0.02^**	0
As	‒	‒	‒	‒	‒	0.5^**	0
Cu	14.60	16.01	13.18	1.13	7.74	20^***	0
Cr	0.30	0.34	0.26	0.03	10.00	1.0^***	0

表8 研究区土壤与油用牡丹籽粒中重金属含量的Spearman相关系数矩阵

Table 8 Correlation matrix between heavy metal contents in soils and oil peony grains from study area

元素 Element	S-Pb	S-Cd	S-Cu	S-Cr	G-Pb	G-Cd	G-Cu	G-Cr
S-Pb	1.000
S-Cd	0.486	1.000
S-Cu	0.257	-0.600	1.000
S-Cr	-0.086	0.086	-0.371	1.000
G-Pb	0.371	-0.486	0.943^**	-0.257	1.000
G-Cd	-0.600	-0.086	-0.143	-0.657	-0.314	1.000
G-Cu	0.486	-0.371	0.943^**	-0.257	0.886^*	-0.314	1.000
G-Cr	-0.771	-0.600	-0.029	-0.371	-0.257	0.714	-0.257	1.000

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土壤-油用牡丹系统重金属含量及生态健康风险分析

Contents and Ecological Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soil-Oil Peony System

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