Ecology and Environment ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (10): 1732-1740.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.10.002
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ZHAO Man1,2(), ZHANG Xiaoman1,*(
), YANG Mingjie1
Received:
2022-12-05
Online:
2023-10-18
Published:
2024-01-16
Contact:
ZHANG Xiaoman
通讯作者:
张晓曼
作者简介:
赵蔓(1995年生),女,博士研究生,主要从事园林植物培育与环境生态学方面的研究工作。E-mail: sxyqpdzm@163.com
基金资助:
CLC Number:
ZHAO Man, ZHANG Xiaoman, YANG Mingjie. Effects of Forest Fire Disturbance on Species Diversity and Soil Physicochemical Properties of Quercus variabilis and Quercus wutaishansea Mixed Forests[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(10): 1732-1740.
赵蔓, 张晓曼, 杨明洁. 林火干扰对栓皮栎-辽东栎混交林植物多样性与土壤理化性质的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(10): 1732-1740.
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URL: https://www.jeesci.com/EN/10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.10.002
林火程度 | 对照 (CK) | 中度 | 重度 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
火烧特征 | 树木完好, 地表无火烧痕迹 | 30%<乔木死亡率≤70% | 乔木死亡率>70%, 树皮烧焦, 树根被烧 | ||||||
样本量 | 3 | 3 | 3 | ||||||
平均海拔/m | 1025.86 | 1074.79 | 1075.11 | ||||||
乔木平均胸径/cm | 14.6±0.94a 1) | 13.57±1.41a | 14.32±1.55a | ||||||
乔木平均高度/m | 11.28±0.59b | 9.28±0.61a | 12.48±0.33c | ||||||
郁闭度 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.2 |
坡度/(°) | 34 | 20 | 25 | 38 | 45 | 30 | 35 | 32 | 27 |
坡向 | 西 | 西南 | 西南 | 南 | 东 | 东北 | 东南 | 东南 | 东南 |
Table 1 Basic characteristics of the sampling plots
林火程度 | 对照 (CK) | 中度 | 重度 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
火烧特征 | 树木完好, 地表无火烧痕迹 | 30%<乔木死亡率≤70% | 乔木死亡率>70%, 树皮烧焦, 树根被烧 | ||||||
样本量 | 3 | 3 | 3 | ||||||
平均海拔/m | 1025.86 | 1074.79 | 1075.11 | ||||||
乔木平均胸径/cm | 14.6±0.94a 1) | 13.57±1.41a | 14.32±1.55a | ||||||
乔木平均高度/m | 11.28±0.59b | 9.28±0.61a | 12.48±0.33c | ||||||
郁闭度 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.2 |
坡度/(°) | 34 | 20 | 25 | 38 | 45 | 30 | 35 | 32 | 27 |
坡向 | 西 | 西南 | 西南 | 南 | 东 | 东北 | 东南 | 东南 | 东南 |
层次 | 物种 | 科 | 属 | 重要值 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
对照 (CK) | 中度 | 重度 | ||||
乔木层 | 辽东栎 Quercus wutaishansea Mary | 壳斗科 | 栎属 | 0.53 | 0.44 | 0.38 |
栓皮栎 Quercus variabilis Bl. | 壳斗科 | 栎属 | 0.39 | 0.40 | 0.49 | |
垂枝榆 Ulmus pumila L. cv. Tenue | 榆科 | 榆属 | 0.08 | - | 0.13 | |
油松 Pinus tabuliformis Carrière | 松科 | 松属 | - | 0.16 | - | |
灌木层 | 紫穗槐 Amorpha L. | 豆科 | 紫穗槐属 | 0.11 | - | - |
垂枝榆 Ulmus pumila L. cv. Tenue | 榆科 | 榆属 | - | 0.08 | 0.12 | |
田菁 Sesbania cannabina (Retz.) Poir. | 豆科 | 田菁属 | 0.08 | - | - | |
蛇葡萄 Ampelopsis sinica (Mig.) W. T. Wang. | 蛇葡萄科 | 蛇葡萄属 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.10 | |
桑 Morus alba L. | 桑科 | 桑属 | 0.07 | - | - | |
牛至 Origanum vulgare L. | 唇形科 | 牛至属 | 0.05 | - | 0.12 | |
曼陀罗 Datura stramonium L. | 茄科 | 曼陀罗属 | - | - | 0.07 | |
马兜铃 Aristolochia debilis Sieb. et Zucc | 马兜铃科 | 马兜铃属 | 0.07 | - | - | |
栓皮栎 Quercus variabilis Bl. | 壳斗科 | 栎属 | 0.30 | 0.42 | 0.25 | |
荆条 Vitex negundo.var. Heterophylla (Franch.) Rehd. | 马鞭草科 | 牡荆属 | - | 0.05 | 0.13 | |
锦鸡儿 Caragana sinica (Buc'hoz) Rehd. | 豆科 | 锦鸡儿属 | 0.08 | - | - | |
黄栌 Cotinus coggygria Scop. | 漆树科 | 黄栌属 | 0.10 | 0.15 | 0.11 | |
槲树 Quercus dentata Thunb. | 壳斗科 | 栎属 | - | 0.07 | - | |
白首乌 Cynanchum bungei Decne. | 萝藦科 | 鹅绒藤属 | - | 0.06 | - | |
艾草 Artemisia argyi Lévl. et Van. | 菊科 | 蒿属 | 0.05 | - | - | |
沿阶草 Ophiopogon bodinieri Levl. | 百合科 | 沿阶草属 | - | 0.06 | - | |
小红菊 Chrysanthemum chanetii H. Léveillé | 菊科 | 菊属 | - | 0.04 | 0.14 | |
委陵菜 Potentilla chinensis Ser. | 蔷薇科 | 委陵菜属 | 0.05 | - | - | |
天门冬 Asparagus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. | 百合科 | 天门冬属 | 0.10 | 0.03 | - | |
牛筋草 Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. | 禾本科 | 穇属 | - | - | 0.14 | |
草本层 | 茅梅 Rubus parvifolius Linn. | 蔷薇科 | 悬钩子属 | - | 0.08 | - |
葎草 Humulus scandens (Lour.) Merr. | 桑科 | 葎草属 | 0.09 | - | - | |
藜 Chenopodium album L. | 藜科 | 藜属 | 0.07 | - | - | |
堇菜 Viola verecumda A.Gray | 堇菜科 | 堇菜属 | - | 0.15 | 0.09 | |
鸡眼草 Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Schindl. | 豆科 | 鸡眼草属 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.16 | |
黄栌 Cotinus coggygria Scop. | 漆树科 | 黄栌属 | - | 0.07 | - | |
黄刺玫 Rosa xanthina Lindl. | 蔷薇科 | 蔷薇属 | 0.03 | 0.10 | 0.02 | |
胡枝子 Lespedeza bicolor Turcz. | 豆科 | 胡枝子属 | - | 0.10 | - | |
厚皮菜 Beta vulgaris var. Cicla L. | 藜科 | 甜菜属 | - | 0.04 | 0.26 | |
枸杞 Lycium chinense Miller | 茄科 | 枸杞属 | - | - | 0.08 | |
狗尾草 Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. | 禾本科 | 狗尾草属 | 0.13 | 0.12 | 0.07 | |
狭叶柴胡 Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd. | 伞形科 | 柴胡属 | 0.05 | - | - | |
草木犀 Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall. | 豆科 | 草木犀属 | 0.08 | - | 0.03 | |
艾草 Artemisia argyi Lévl. et Van. | 菊科 | 蒿属 | 0.09 | - | - |
Table 2 Species composition and importance values of vegetation communities in different degree of burning in woodland
层次 | 物种 | 科 | 属 | 重要值 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
对照 (CK) | 中度 | 重度 | ||||
乔木层 | 辽东栎 Quercus wutaishansea Mary | 壳斗科 | 栎属 | 0.53 | 0.44 | 0.38 |
栓皮栎 Quercus variabilis Bl. | 壳斗科 | 栎属 | 0.39 | 0.40 | 0.49 | |
垂枝榆 Ulmus pumila L. cv. Tenue | 榆科 | 榆属 | 0.08 | - | 0.13 | |
油松 Pinus tabuliformis Carrière | 松科 | 松属 | - | 0.16 | - | |
灌木层 | 紫穗槐 Amorpha L. | 豆科 | 紫穗槐属 | 0.11 | - | - |
垂枝榆 Ulmus pumila L. cv. Tenue | 榆科 | 榆属 | - | 0.08 | 0.12 | |
田菁 Sesbania cannabina (Retz.) Poir. | 豆科 | 田菁属 | 0.08 | - | - | |
蛇葡萄 Ampelopsis sinica (Mig.) W. T. Wang. | 蛇葡萄科 | 蛇葡萄属 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.10 | |
桑 Morus alba L. | 桑科 | 桑属 | 0.07 | - | - | |
牛至 Origanum vulgare L. | 唇形科 | 牛至属 | 0.05 | - | 0.12 | |
曼陀罗 Datura stramonium L. | 茄科 | 曼陀罗属 | - | - | 0.07 | |
马兜铃 Aristolochia debilis Sieb. et Zucc | 马兜铃科 | 马兜铃属 | 0.07 | - | - | |
栓皮栎 Quercus variabilis Bl. | 壳斗科 | 栎属 | 0.30 | 0.42 | 0.25 | |
荆条 Vitex negundo.var. Heterophylla (Franch.) Rehd. | 马鞭草科 | 牡荆属 | - | 0.05 | 0.13 | |
锦鸡儿 Caragana sinica (Buc'hoz) Rehd. | 豆科 | 锦鸡儿属 | 0.08 | - | - | |
黄栌 Cotinus coggygria Scop. | 漆树科 | 黄栌属 | 0.10 | 0.15 | 0.11 | |
槲树 Quercus dentata Thunb. | 壳斗科 | 栎属 | - | 0.07 | - | |
白首乌 Cynanchum bungei Decne. | 萝藦科 | 鹅绒藤属 | - | 0.06 | - | |
艾草 Artemisia argyi Lévl. et Van. | 菊科 | 蒿属 | 0.05 | - | - | |
沿阶草 Ophiopogon bodinieri Levl. | 百合科 | 沿阶草属 | - | 0.06 | - | |
小红菊 Chrysanthemum chanetii H. Léveillé | 菊科 | 菊属 | - | 0.04 | 0.14 | |
委陵菜 Potentilla chinensis Ser. | 蔷薇科 | 委陵菜属 | 0.05 | - | - | |
天门冬 Asparagus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. | 百合科 | 天门冬属 | 0.10 | 0.03 | - | |
牛筋草 Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. | 禾本科 | 穇属 | - | - | 0.14 | |
草本层 | 茅梅 Rubus parvifolius Linn. | 蔷薇科 | 悬钩子属 | - | 0.08 | - |
葎草 Humulus scandens (Lour.) Merr. | 桑科 | 葎草属 | 0.09 | - | - | |
藜 Chenopodium album L. | 藜科 | 藜属 | 0.07 | - | - | |
堇菜 Viola verecumda A.Gray | 堇菜科 | 堇菜属 | - | 0.15 | 0.09 | |
鸡眼草 Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Schindl. | 豆科 | 鸡眼草属 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.16 | |
黄栌 Cotinus coggygria Scop. | 漆树科 | 黄栌属 | - | 0.07 | - | |
黄刺玫 Rosa xanthina Lindl. | 蔷薇科 | 蔷薇属 | 0.03 | 0.10 | 0.02 | |
胡枝子 Lespedeza bicolor Turcz. | 豆科 | 胡枝子属 | - | 0.10 | - | |
厚皮菜 Beta vulgaris var. Cicla L. | 藜科 | 甜菜属 | - | 0.04 | 0.26 | |
枸杞 Lycium chinense Miller | 茄科 | 枸杞属 | - | - | 0.08 | |
狗尾草 Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. | 禾本科 | 狗尾草属 | 0.13 | 0.12 | 0.07 | |
狭叶柴胡 Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd. | 伞形科 | 柴胡属 | 0.05 | - | - | |
草木犀 Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall. | 豆科 | 草木犀属 | 0.08 | - | 0.03 | |
艾草 Artemisia argyi Lévl. et Van. | 菊科 | 蒿属 | 0.09 | - | - |
土壤因子 | 土层深度/cm | 林火程度 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
对照 (CK) | 中度 | 重度 | ||
w(SWC)/ % | 0-10 | 19.57±3.38Aa | 19.77±0.97Aa | 18.95±3.78Aa |
10-20 | 12.87±2.49Ab | 16.76±0.62Aab | 20.30±2.72Aa | |
pH | 0-10 | 6.58±0.09Aa | 6.33±0.33Aa | 5.24±0.32Ab |
10-20 | 6.62±0.12Aa | 6.60±0.71Aa | 6.93±0.05Aa | |
w(OM)/ (g∙kg−1) | 0-10 | 42.58±8.77Ac | 76.93±8.20Ab | 118.80±3.30Aa |
10-20 | 17.60±1.91Ac | 45.10±8.30Ab | 64.90±6.87Aa | |
w(TN)/ (g∙kg−1) | 0-10 | 0.14±0.00Ab | 0.16±0.02Aab | 0.18±0.02Aa |
10-20 | 0.25±0.01Bb | 0.37±0.06Aa | 0.16±0.02Ac | |
w(TP)/ (g∙kg−1) | 0-10 | 0.57±0.08Aa | 0.44±0.09Aa | 0.49±0.06Aa |
10-20 | 0.54±0.05Aa | 0.37±0.08Ab | 0.41±0.02Ab | |
w(TK)/ (g∙kg−1) | 0-10 | 532.08±17.09Aa | 507.72±19.74Aab | 490.46±20.99Ac |
10-20 | 482.91±23.62Ab | 555.55±8.33Aa | 482.63±12.57Ab | |
w(AN)/ (g∙kg−1) | 0-10 | 23.92±8.81Ab | 56.42±7.49Aa | 50.25±6.54Aa |
10-20 | 8.92±0.29Ac | 23.75±2.18Ab | 40.25±3.50Aa | |
w(AP)/ (g∙kg−1) | 0-10 | 26.19±7.22Aa | 11.83±3.27Ab | 21.8±1.82Aa |
10-20 | 6.68±1.30Bab | 5.02±0.53Bb | 8.48±1.50Aa | |
w(AK)/ (g∙kg−1) | 0-10 | 230.91±6.10Aa | 193.44±5.94Ab | 217.31±18.26Aa |
10-20 | 197.83±7.79Aa | 178.51±5.86Ab | 193.75±3.06Aa |
Table 3 Effects of forest fire disturbance on physical and chemical properties of soil under forest
土壤因子 | 土层深度/cm | 林火程度 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
对照 (CK) | 中度 | 重度 | ||
w(SWC)/ % | 0-10 | 19.57±3.38Aa | 19.77±0.97Aa | 18.95±3.78Aa |
10-20 | 12.87±2.49Ab | 16.76±0.62Aab | 20.30±2.72Aa | |
pH | 0-10 | 6.58±0.09Aa | 6.33±0.33Aa | 5.24±0.32Ab |
10-20 | 6.62±0.12Aa | 6.60±0.71Aa | 6.93±0.05Aa | |
w(OM)/ (g∙kg−1) | 0-10 | 42.58±8.77Ac | 76.93±8.20Ab | 118.80±3.30Aa |
10-20 | 17.60±1.91Ac | 45.10±8.30Ab | 64.90±6.87Aa | |
w(TN)/ (g∙kg−1) | 0-10 | 0.14±0.00Ab | 0.16±0.02Aab | 0.18±0.02Aa |
10-20 | 0.25±0.01Bb | 0.37±0.06Aa | 0.16±0.02Ac | |
w(TP)/ (g∙kg−1) | 0-10 | 0.57±0.08Aa | 0.44±0.09Aa | 0.49±0.06Aa |
10-20 | 0.54±0.05Aa | 0.37±0.08Ab | 0.41±0.02Ab | |
w(TK)/ (g∙kg−1) | 0-10 | 532.08±17.09Aa | 507.72±19.74Aab | 490.46±20.99Ac |
10-20 | 482.91±23.62Ab | 555.55±8.33Aa | 482.63±12.57Ab | |
w(AN)/ (g∙kg−1) | 0-10 | 23.92±8.81Ab | 56.42±7.49Aa | 50.25±6.54Aa |
10-20 | 8.92±0.29Ac | 23.75±2.18Ab | 40.25±3.50Aa | |
w(AP)/ (g∙kg−1) | 0-10 | 26.19±7.22Aa | 11.83±3.27Ab | 21.8±1.82Aa |
10-20 | 6.68±1.30Bab | 5.02±0.53Bb | 8.48±1.50Aa | |
w(AK)/ (g∙kg−1) | 0-10 | 230.91±6.10Aa | 193.44±5.94Ab | 217.31±18.26Aa |
10-20 | 197.83±7.79Aa | 178.51±5.86Ab | 193.75±3.06Aa |
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