Effects of Mixing Eucalyptus urophylla×E. grandis with Castanopsis hystrix on Understory Vegetation and Soil Properties

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.07.006

Ecology and Environment ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (7): 1340-1349.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.07.006

• Research Articles • Previous Articles Next Articles

Effects of Mixing Eucalyptus urophylla×E. grandis with Castanopsis hystrix on Understory Vegetation and Soil Properties

WANG Lei¹(), WEN Yuanguang¹^,²^,³, ZHOU Xiaoguo²^,^*(), ZHU Hongguang¹^,³, SUN Dongjing²

1. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation/College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China
2. Institute of Eco-Environmental Research, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, P. R. China
3. Guangxi Youyiguan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Pingxiang 532600, P. R. China

Received:2021-09-06 Online:2022-07-18 Published:2022-08-31
Contact: ZHOU Xiaoguo

尾巨桉与红锥混交对林下植被和土壤性质的影响

王磊¹(), 温远光¹^,²^,³, 周晓果²^,^*(), 朱宏光¹^,³, 孙冬婧²

1.广西大学林学院/广西森林生态与保育重点实验室,广西南宁 530004
2.广西科学院生态环境研究所,广西南宁 530007
3.广西友谊关森林生态系统定位观测研究站,广西凭祥 532600

通讯作者: 周晓果
作者简介:王磊（1985年生）,男,工程师,博士研究生,主要研究方向为森林生态。E-mail: 395457176@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31860171);国家自然科学基金项目(32160358);广西重点研发计划项目(2018AB40007);中国博士后科学基金项目(2019M663409);广西高等学校重大科研项目(201201ZD001);广西森林生态与保育重点实验室开放课题(QZKFKT2019-01);广西林业厅(桂林科字[2009]第八号)

Abstract

Abstract:

The effects of mixing E. urophylla×E. grandis with C. hystrix on understory species diversity, biomass, soil physicochemical properties and their correlations were studied in pure E. urophylla×E. grandis plantations (PEU), pure C. hystrix plantations (PCH) and mixed E. urophylla×E. grandis and C. hystrix plantations (MEC) under eco-silviculture regime. The results showed that (1) the understory species richness of MEC was significantly higher than that of the two pure forests. The species richness in shrub layer of MEC and PEU was significantly higher than that of PCH, while the species richness in herb layer of MEC and PCH was significantly higher than that of PEU. MEC significantly increased Shannon-Wiener index and Simpson index of the shrub layer. (2) The shrub aboveground biomass was significantly increased in PEU, while herb biomass was significantly decreased in PEU. The biomass of shrub layer was decreased and biomass of herb layer was increased in PCH. In addition, the relative balance of shrub and herb biomass and aboveground and underground biomass can be maintained at a high level in MEC. (3) The pH values of MEC in 0-20, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80 and 80-100 cm soil layer were significantly higher than that of the two pure forests. The soil bulk density of five soil layers in PEU was higher than that in MEC and PCH, and the significant difference was observed in 0-20 cm soil layer. The soil organic carbon of MEC and PCH was significantly higher than that of PEU. Except for some soil layers (60-80 cm), the total nitrogen and total potassium in MEC and PEU soil layers were significantly higher than those in PCH, but there was no significant difference in soil total phosphorus in all soil layers of the three stands. (4) The main factors affecting the species diversity of understory plant community were shrub belowground biomass (SBB), herb aboveground biomass (HAB), tree aboveground biomass (TAB), total nitrogen (TN), C/N ratio, N/P ratio and pH. Among them, TAB, SBB, TN, pH and N:P were significantly positively correlated with the species richness in understory plant community and shrub layer of PEU and MEC, while HAB, C:N were significantly positively correlated with the species richness in herb layer of PCH. In conclusion, mixing E. urophylla×E. grandis with C. hystrix can significantly improve understory species diversity, maintain shrub and herb biomass balance, improve soil quality, and effectively increase the growth and biomass both at tree species and stands level. Consequently, we recommend the promotion and application of mixed E. urophylla×E. grandis and C. hystrix plantations in the southern Subtropical region.

Key words: understory vegetation, biodiversity, biomass, mixed E. urophylla×E. grandis and C. hystrix plantations, soil physicochemical properties

摘要：

以尾巨桉（Eucalyptus urophylla×E. grandis）纯林（PEU）、红锥（Castanopsis hystrix）纯林（PCH）和尾巨桉-红锥混交林（MEC）为研究对象,探究在生态营林方式下尾巨桉与红锥混交对林下物种多样性、生物量、土壤理化性质的影响及其关联性。结果表明,（1）MEC林下植被群落的物种丰富度显著高于两种纯林,MEC和PEU灌木层的物种丰富度显著高于PCH,而MEC和PCH草本层的物种丰富度显著高于PEU;MEC显著提高灌木层的Shannon-Wiener指数和Simpson指数。（2）PEU显著提高灌木层的地上生物量,显著降低草本层生物量;PCH降低灌木层生物量,增加草本层生物量;而MEC则能在较高水平上维持灌草生物量和地上地下生物量的相对平衡。（3）MEC 0—20、20—40、40—60、60—80、80—100 cm土层的pH均显著高于两种纯林;PEU 5个土层的土壤容重均高于MEC和PCH,且0—20 cm土层达到显著差异;MEC和PCH各层次的土壤有机碳均显著高于PEU;除个别土层（60—80 cm）外,MEC和PEU各土层的全氮、全钾均显著高于PCH,3种林分各土层土壤全磷差异不显著。（4）影响林下植物群落物种多样性的主控因子为灌木层地下生物量（SBB）、草本层地上生物量（HAB）、乔木层地上生物量（TAB）、土壤全氮（TN）、土壤碳氮比（C:N）、土壤氮磷比（N:P）和pH;其中,TAB、SBB、TN、pH、N:P与PEU和MEC林下植物群落、灌木层的物种丰富度呈显著正相关,HAB、C:N与PCH草本层物种丰富度呈显著正相关。综上所述,尾巨桉与红锥混交能显著提高林下物种多样性,维持灌草生物量平衡,改良土壤质量,有效提升混交树种和混交林分的生长量和生物量,是一种较好的发展模式。

关键词: 林下植被, 生物多样性, 生物量, 尾巨桉-红锥混交林, 土壤理化性质

CLC Number:

WANG Lei, WEN Yuanguang, ZHOU Xiaoguo, ZHU Hongguang, SUN Dongjing. Effects of Mixing Eucalyptus urophylla×E. grandis with Castanopsis hystrix on Understory Vegetation and Soil Properties[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(7): 1340-1349.

王磊, 温远光, 周晓果, 朱宏光, 孙冬婧. 尾巨桉与红锥混交对林下植被和土壤性质的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(7): 1340-1349.

Figures/Tables 6

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林分类型 Stand type	海拔 Altitude/ m	坡度Slope/ (°)	郁闭度 Canopy density	胸径 DBH/cm	树高 Height/m	胸高断面积Basal area/ (m²∙hm^-2)	乔木生物量 Tree biomass/ (t∙hm^-2)
尾巨桉纯林 Pure Eucalyptus urophylla×E. grandis plantations	241	14	0.49±0.01c	13.61±0.20a	19.38±0.20a	18.35±0.59b	130.47±5.65b
红锥纯林 Pure Castanopsis hystrix plantations	281	16	0.75±0.02a	7.34±0.16c	9.52±0.14c	8.87±0.90c	35.79±4.20c
尾巨桉-红锥混交林 Mixed E. urophylla×E. grandis and C. hystrix plantations	245	14	0.68±0.02b	13.01±0.18b	18.39±0.29b	24.57±0.95a	175.80±8.68a
尾巨桉 E. urophylla×E. grandis				14.28±0.30	20.79±0.77	20.99±0.60*	159.45±6.68*
红锥 C. hystrix				9.49±1.12*	11.68±2.26*	3.58±0.45*	16.35±2.91*

林分类型 Stand type	海拔 Altitude/ m	坡度Slope/ (°)	郁闭度 Canopy density	胸径 DBH/cm	树高 Height/m	胸高断面积Basal area/ (m²∙hm^-2)	乔木生物量 Tree biomass/ (t∙hm^-2)
尾巨桉纯林 Pure Eucalyptus urophylla×E. grandis plantations	241	14	0.49±0.01c	13.61±0.20a	19.38±0.20a	18.35±0.59b	130.47±5.65b
红锥纯林 Pure Castanopsis hystrix plantations	281	16	0.75±0.02a	7.34±0.16c	9.52±0.14c	8.87±0.90c	35.79±4.20c
尾巨桉-红锥混交林 Mixed E. urophylla×E. grandis and C. hystrix plantations	245	14	0.68±0.02b	13.01±0.18b	18.39±0.29b	24.57±0.95a	175.80±8.68a
尾巨桉 E. urophylla×E. grandis				14.28±0.30	20.79±0.77	20.99±0.60*	159.45±6.68*
红锥 C. hystrix				9.49±1.12*	11.68±2.26*	3.58±0.45*	16.35±2.91*

林分类型 Stand type	土层深度 Soil depth/ cm	pH	土壤含水率 Soil moisture content/%	土壤容重 Soil bulk density/ (g∙cm^-3)	有机碳 w_{(organic carbon)}/ (g∙kg^-1)	全氮 w_{(total nitrogen)}/ (g∙kg^-1)	全钾 w_{(total potassium)}/ (g∙kg^-1)	全磷 w_{(total phosphorus)}/ (g∙kg^-1)	速效钾 w_{(available potassium)}/ (mg∙kg^-1)	有效磷 w_{(available phosphorus)}/ (mg∙kg^-1)
尾巨桉纯林Pure Eucalyptus urophylla×E. grandis plantations	0‒20	4.41±0.07Bb	24.42±2.32Ab	1.33±0.05Ca	19.97±1.99Ac	2.00±0.15Aa	10.12±3.33Ba	0.30±0.06Aa	44.06±2.03Aa	4.52±0.18Ac
	20‒40	4.62±0.28ABb	21.57±6.03ABa	1.59±0.22Ba	7.51±1.92Bb	1.53±0.27Ba	13.55±4.56ABa	0.25±0.05Aa	25.92±2.35Ba	1.43±0.30Bc
	40‒60	4.80±0.16Ab	20.82±6.67ABa	1.58±0.11Ba	6.57±1.29BCb	1.27±0.23BCa	16.90±4.15Aa	0.27±0.07Aa	25.92±3.11Ba	1.89±1.78Bb
	60‒80	4.69±0.38ABb	18.12±3.87ABb	1.69±0.09ABa	2.95±1.75Db	1.06±0.30Cab	15.75±6.41ABa	0.23±0.09Aa	23.06±4.12Ba	1.17±0.51Bc
	80‒100	4.91±0.18Ab	15.56±3.72Bb	1.78±0.12Aa	4.69±1.25CDb	1.17±0.08Ca	18.45±2.88Aa	0.25±0.08Aa	24.49±1.25Ba	0.85±0.27Bc
尾巨桉-红锥混交林Mixed E. urophylla× E. grandis and Castanopsis hystrix plantations	0‒20	5.00±0.13Ca	27.64±0.69Aa	1.25±0.02Cb	27.00±3.89Ab	2.08±0.36Aa	8.77±5.20Ba	0.29±0.09Aa	44.88±14.56Aa	7.87±0.60Aa
	20‒40	5.12±0.14BCa	25.12±2.66ABa	1.44±0.09Bab	15.81±2.52Ba	1.40±0.35Ba	10.13±4.6ABa	0.25±0.08Aa	27.96±8.5Ba	4.57±0.93Ba
	40‒60	5.27±0.14ABa	25.18±1.71ABa	1.50±0.03ABab	13.85±3.86BCa	1.28±0.32Ba	11.65±5.46ABa	0.27±0.08Aa	26.26±6.06Ba	3.88±0.15Ba
	60‒80	5.39±0.22Aa	24.99±3.01ABa	1.52±0.06ABb	11.66±3.47BCa	1.22±0.18Ba	13.13±4.6ABa	0.29±0.08Aa	25.10±4.83Ba	4.55±1.95Ba
	80‒100	5.41±0.18Aa	24.26±3.36Ba	1.56±0.08Ab	10.99±2.14Cab	1.24±0.25Ba	15.77±4.39Aa	0.24±0.04Aa	26.19±4.63Ba	4.08±1.06Ba
红锥纯林 Pure C. hystrix plantations	0‒20	4.55±0.10ABb	25.82±0.93Aab	1.22±0.05Cb	33.95±3.43Aa	2.29±0.09Aa	2.16±0.96Ab	0.31±0.06Aa	50.61±21.57Aa	5.31±0.70Ab
	20‒40	4.34±0.05Cc	23.12±2.54Aa	1.33±0.06BCb	18.90±3.05Ba	1.21±0.32Ba	2.73±1.22Ab	0.36±0.24Aa	22.86±15.83Ba	3.20±0.59Bb
	40‒60	4.47±0.10Bc	23.33±2.31Aa	1.40±0.07ABb	12.06±4.39Ca	0.83±0.14Cb	3.06±1.22Ab	0.25±0.01Aa	15.71±12.26Ba	2.97±0.56Bab
	60‒80	4.57±0.11ABb	23.61±3.12Aa	1.39±0.15ABb	8.98±2.71Ca	0.83±0.13Cb	3.19±1.23Ab	0.24±0.03Aa	13.06±10.54Bb	2.86±0.49Bb
	80‒100	4.60±0.09Ac	24.30±3.00Aa	1.47±0.07Ab	11.93±7.86Ca	0.79±0.15Cb	3.30±1.30Ab	0.25±0.05Aa	10.61±6.79Bb	2.75±0.72Bb

林分类型 Stand type	土层深度 Soil depth/ cm	pH	土壤含水率 Soil moisture content/%	土壤容重 Soil bulk density/ (g∙cm^-3)	有机碳 w_{(organic carbon)}/ (g∙kg^-1)	全氮 w_{(total nitrogen)}/ (g∙kg^-1)	全钾 w_{(total potassium)}/ (g∙kg^-1)	全磷 w_{(total phosphorus)}/ (g∙kg^-1)	速效钾 w_{(available potassium)}/ (mg∙kg^-1)	有效磷 w_{(available phosphorus)}/ (mg∙kg^-1)
尾巨桉纯林Pure Eucalyptus urophylla×E. grandis plantations	0‒20	4.41±0.07Bb	24.42±2.32Ab	1.33±0.05Ca	19.97±1.99Ac	2.00±0.15Aa	10.12±3.33Ba	0.30±0.06Aa	44.06±2.03Aa	4.52±0.18Ac
	20‒40	4.62±0.28ABb	21.57±6.03ABa	1.59±0.22Ba	7.51±1.92Bb	1.53±0.27Ba	13.55±4.56ABa	0.25±0.05Aa	25.92±2.35Ba	1.43±0.30Bc
	40‒60	4.80±0.16Ab	20.82±6.67ABa	1.58±0.11Ba	6.57±1.29BCb	1.27±0.23BCa	16.90±4.15Aa	0.27±0.07Aa	25.92±3.11Ba	1.89±1.78Bb
	60‒80	4.69±0.38ABb	18.12±3.87ABb	1.69±0.09ABa	2.95±1.75Db	1.06±0.30Cab	15.75±6.41ABa	0.23±0.09Aa	23.06±4.12Ba	1.17±0.51Bc
	80‒100	4.91±0.18Ab	15.56±3.72Bb	1.78±0.12Aa	4.69±1.25CDb	1.17±0.08Ca	18.45±2.88Aa	0.25±0.08Aa	24.49±1.25Ba	0.85±0.27Bc
尾巨桉-红锥混交林Mixed E. urophylla× E. grandis and Castanopsis hystrix plantations	0‒20	5.00±0.13Ca	27.64±0.69Aa	1.25±0.02Cb	27.00±3.89Ab	2.08±0.36Aa	8.77±5.20Ba	0.29±0.09Aa	44.88±14.56Aa	7.87±0.60Aa
	20‒40	5.12±0.14BCa	25.12±2.66ABa	1.44±0.09Bab	15.81±2.52Ba	1.40±0.35Ba	10.13±4.6ABa	0.25±0.08Aa	27.96±8.5Ba	4.57±0.93Ba
	40‒60	5.27±0.14ABa	25.18±1.71ABa	1.50±0.03ABab	13.85±3.86BCa	1.28±0.32Ba	11.65±5.46ABa	0.27±0.08Aa	26.26±6.06Ba	3.88±0.15Ba
	60‒80	5.39±0.22Aa	24.99±3.01ABa	1.52±0.06ABb	11.66±3.47BCa	1.22±0.18Ba	13.13±4.6ABa	0.29±0.08Aa	25.10±4.83Ba	4.55±1.95Ba
	80‒100	5.41±0.18Aa	24.26±3.36Ba	1.56±0.08Ab	10.99±2.14Cab	1.24±0.25Ba	15.77±4.39Aa	0.24±0.04Aa	26.19±4.63Ba	4.08±1.06Ba
红锥纯林 Pure C. hystrix plantations	0‒20	4.55±0.10ABb	25.82±0.93Aab	1.22±0.05Cb	33.95±3.43Aa	2.29±0.09Aa	2.16±0.96Ab	0.31±0.06Aa	50.61±21.57Aa	5.31±0.70Ab
	20‒40	4.34±0.05Cc	23.12±2.54Aa	1.33±0.06BCb	18.90±3.05Ba	1.21±0.32Ba	2.73±1.22Ab	0.36±0.24Aa	22.86±15.83Ba	3.20±0.59Bb
	40‒60	4.47±0.10Bc	23.33±2.31Aa	1.40±0.07ABb	12.06±4.39Ca	0.83±0.14Cb	3.06±1.22Ab	0.25±0.01Aa	15.71±12.26Ba	2.97±0.56Bab
	60‒80	4.57±0.11ABb	23.61±3.12Aa	1.39±0.15ABb	8.98±2.71Ca	0.83±0.13Cb	3.19±1.23Ab	0.24±0.03Aa	13.06±10.54Bb	2.86±0.49Bb
	80‒100	4.60±0.09Ac	24.30±3.00Aa	1.47±0.07Ab	11.93±7.86Ca	0.79±0.15Cb	3.30±1.30Ab	0.25±0.05Aa	10.61±6.79Bb	2.75±0.72Bb

变量 Variables	RDA1	RDA2	r²	P
灌木层地下部分生物量 Shrub belowground biomass	-0.756	0.655	0.715	0.001
草本层地上部分生物量 Herb aboveground biomass	0.992	-0.126	0.644	0.002
乔木层地上部分生物量 Tree aboveground biomass	-1.000	0.009	0.565	0.001
土壤碳氮比 Soil C:N ratio	0.779	-0.627	0.640	0.003
土壤全氮含量 Soil total nitrogen content	-0.988	0.153	0.534	0.014
土壤氮磷比 Soil N:P ratio	-0.922	0.388	0.412	0.039
土壤pH值 Soil pH	-0.905	-0.426	0.383	0.046
土壤速效钾含量 Soil available potassium content	-0.948	0.319	0.337	0.088

Effects of Mixing Eucalyptus urophylla×E. grandis with Castanopsis hystrix on Understory Vegetation and Soil Properties

尾巨桉与红锥混交对林下植被和土壤性质的影响

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