Risk Assessment and Safe Consumption Analysis of Heavy Metals under Different Planting Patterns of Biogas Slurry

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.08.016

Ecology and Environment ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (8): 1507-1515.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.08.016

• Research Article [Environmental Sciences] • Previous Articles Next Articles

Risk Assessment and Safe Consumption Analysis of Heavy Metals under Different Planting Patterns of Biogas Slurry

LIU Bingyu¹(), WANG Yipei¹, YAO Zuofang², YANG Gairen¹^,³^,^*(), XU Xiaonan¹, DENG Yusong¹^,³, HUANG Yuhan¹^,³

1. College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China
2. Scientific and Technological Innovation and Development Center, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
3. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation/College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China

Received:2023-02-21 Online:2023-08-18 Published:2023-11-08
Contact: YANG Gairen

沼液还田下不同种植模式的重金属风险评价及安全消纳量分析

刘炳妤¹(), 王一佩¹, 姚作芳², 杨钙仁¹^,³^,^*(), 徐晓楠¹, 邓羽松¹^,³, 黄钰涵¹^,³

1.广西大学林学院，广西南宁 530004
2.中国科学院科技创新发展中心，北京 100190
3.广西大学林学院/广西森林生态与保育重点实验室，广西南宁 530004

通讯作者: 杨钙仁
作者简介:刘炳妤（1998年生），女，硕士研究生，从事自然保护地管理与生态修复技术研究。E-mail: 549540424@qq.com
基金资助:
广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB22080103);广西创新驱动发展项目(桂科AA17204078-3);广西创新驱动发展项目(桂科AA17204087-8)

Abstract

Abstract:

This study investigates the impact of heavy metals present in biogas slurry on soil health and the secure cultivation of agricultural and forestry crops. By evaluating potential risks to soil and crop health due to biogas slurry utilization, we aim to suggest suitable quantities of biogas slurry for various planting methods. To this end, we selected 13 different types of cultivated lands, including vegetable farms, fruit orchards, grasslands, and timber forests, in primary pig farming regions of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. We measured the levels of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, and Cr in soil layers (0?20 cm and 20?40 cm) and in plant components such as roots, stems, leaves, and fruits. Next, we analyzed and evaluated soil and crop contamination levels and recommended a safe absorption capacity for biogas slurry in cultivated land. The findings revealed that the contamination proportions of Cu and Zn in both soil layers were identical, at 46.2% and 38.5%, respectively, surpassing Pb, Cd, and Cr. Notably, the pollution indices for Cu and Zn in both soil layers and the overall pollution index of the 0?20 cm soil layer were positively correlated with the total biogas slurry irrigation. Yet, there was no significant correlation with the average annual irrigation amount. In terms of the absorption capacity of biogas slurry in cultivated soil, the order was Cr>Pb>Zn>Cu>Cd. Among nine edible plant samples, Pb was the most prevalent heavy metal, followed by Cr, accounting for 66.7% and 44.4%, respectively. The contamination index of hybrid elephant grass (Pennisetum americanum×P. purpureum×P. purpureum schum, cv. Guimu No.1) was smaller, indicating lighter pollution. The most significant pollution risks from biogas slurry application to soil were Cu and Zn, primarily found in the 0?20 cm soil layer. The primary contamination risk for leaf vegetables and woody fruits was Pb, followed by Cr. Hybrid elephant grass exhibited a lower risk of heavy metal pollution when irrigated with biogas slurry. In conclusion, the capacity to consume biogas slurry varies across different types of cultivated land, with the order being: hybrid elephant grass > fast-growing timber tree > leafy vegetables>woody fruit tree.

Key words: returning biogas slurry to the field, heavy metals, soil pollution, contamination of agricultural and forestry crops, pollution assessment

摘要：

为探讨沼液中重金属对土壤质量、农林作物安全生产的影响，评价施用沼液对土壤环境与农林作物污染的风险，以及提出不同种植模式的沼液适宜用量，在广西壮族自治区主要生猪养殖区，选择蔬菜、果树、牧草、用材林等不同类型的耕地13个，采集0－20 cm和20－40 cm土层土壤样品以及部分植物的根系、茎秆、叶片、果实等，测定上述样品的Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr等元素的含量，分析和评价土壤、农林作物的污染状况。结果显示：13个样点中，0－20 cm和20－40 cm土壤的Cu、Zn污染样点比例相同，分别为46.2%和38.5%，高于Pb、Cd、Cr；0－20、20－40 cm土壤的Cu、Zn污染指数，以及0－20 cm土壤内梅罗综合污染指数与沼液浇灌总量呈显著正相关，而与年均浇灌量相关性不显著；耕地土壤5种元素的沼液消纳容量大小为Cr>Pb>Zn>Cu>Cd。9个可供食用的植物样点中，Pb含量超标的样点数最多，其次是Cr，占比分别为66.7%和44.4%；内梅罗综合污染指数处于污染的样点比例为88.9%。杂交象草（(Pennisetum americanum×P. purpureum)×P. durpureum schum cv. Guimu No.1）各项污染指数比较小，污染程度较轻。施用沼液对土壤的主要污染风险是Cu和Zn，主要位于0－20 cm土层；对叶类蔬菜和木本水果的主要污染风险是Pb，其次是Cr，浇灌沼液对杂交象草的重金属污染风险较小。不同耕地类型对沼液的消纳容量大小为杂交象草>速生用材树>叶类蔬菜>木本果树。

关键词: 沼液还田, 重金属, 土壤污染, 农林作物污染, 污染评价

CLC Number:

X53
X820.4

LIU Bingyu, WANG Yipei, YAO Zuofang, YANG Gairen, XU Xiaonan, DENG Yusong, HUANG Yuhan. Risk Assessment and Safe Consumption Analysis of Heavy Metals under Different Planting Patterns of Biogas Slurry[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(8): 1507-1515.

刘炳妤, 王一佩, 姚作芳, 杨钙仁, 徐晓楠, 邓羽松, 黄钰涵. 沼液还田下不同种植模式的重金属风险评价及安全消纳量分析[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(8): 1507-1515.

Figures/Tables 8

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样点编号	地点	浇灌时间/a	年浇灌量/ (m³∙hm^-2∙a^-1)	浇灌总量/ (m³∙hm^-2)	植被组成
1	贵港覃塘区覃塘镇甘碑村	3	225	6.75×10²	桉树Eucalyptus spp.
2	南宁市武鸣县双桥镇镇南村	4	90	3.60×10²	柑橘树Citrus reticulata Blanco
3	河池金城江区五圩镇三境村	2	240	4.80×10²	柚子树Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr. cv. Shatian Yu.
4	南宁市武鸣县双桥镇镇南村	4	450	1.80×10³	沙梨树Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm. f.) Nakai
5	南宁市武鸣县双桥镇镇南村	4	180	7.20×10²	花生Arachis hypogaea Linn.
6	贵港覃塘区覃塘镇甘碑村	3	338	1.01×103	巴西人参Hebanthe eriantha (Poir.)
7	南宁市武鸣县双桥镇镇南村	4	270	1.08×10³	南瓜苗Cucurbita moschata (Duch. ex Lam.) Duch. ex Poiret
8	玉林市容县杨村镇大军村	3	360	1.08×10³	空心菜Ipomoea aquatica Forssk.
9	贵港港南区瓦塘乡新城村	10	135	1.35×10³	空心菜Ipomoea aquatica Forssk.
10	南宁市武鸣县双桥镇镇南村	4	450	1.35×10³	空心菜Ipomoea aquatica Forssk.
11	贵港覃塘区覃塘镇甘碑村	1	563	5.63×10²	杂交象草 (Pennisetum americanum×P. purpureum)× P. durpureum schum cv. Guimu No.1
12	玉林市博白县浪平镇冲粟村	3	360	1.08×10³	杂交象草+团花树 (Pennisetum americanum×P. purpureum)× P. durpureum schum cv. Guimu No.1+Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser
13	玉林市博白县浪平镇冲粟村	5	450	2.25×10³	杂交象草+团花树 (Pennisetum americanum×P. purpureum)× P. durpureum schum cv. Guimu No.1+Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser

样点编号	地点	浇灌时间/a	年浇灌量/ (m³∙hm^-2∙a^-1)	浇灌总量/ (m³∙hm^-2)	植被组成
1	贵港覃塘区覃塘镇甘碑村	3	225	6.75×10²	桉树Eucalyptus spp.
2	南宁市武鸣县双桥镇镇南村	4	90	3.60×10²	柑橘树Citrus reticulata Blanco
3	河池金城江区五圩镇三境村	2	240	4.80×10²	柚子树Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr. cv. Shatian Yu.
4	南宁市武鸣县双桥镇镇南村	4	450	1.80×10³	沙梨树Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm. f.) Nakai
5	南宁市武鸣县双桥镇镇南村	4	180	7.20×10²	花生Arachis hypogaea Linn.
6	贵港覃塘区覃塘镇甘碑村	3	338	1.01×103	巴西人参Hebanthe eriantha (Poir.)
7	南宁市武鸣县双桥镇镇南村	4	270	1.08×10³	南瓜苗Cucurbita moschata (Duch. ex Lam.) Duch. ex Poiret
8	玉林市容县杨村镇大军村	3	360	1.08×10³	空心菜Ipomoea aquatica Forssk.
9	贵港港南区瓦塘乡新城村	10	135	1.35×10³	空心菜Ipomoea aquatica Forssk.
10	南宁市武鸣县双桥镇镇南村	4	450	1.35×10³	空心菜Ipomoea aquatica Forssk.
11	贵港覃塘区覃塘镇甘碑村	1	563	5.63×10²	杂交象草 (Pennisetum americanum×P. purpureum)× P. durpureum schum cv. Guimu No.1
12	玉林市博白县浪平镇冲粟村	3	360	1.08×10³	杂交象草+团花树 (Pennisetum americanum×P. purpureum)× P. durpureum schum cv. Guimu No.1+Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser
13	玉林市博白县浪平镇冲粟村	5	450	2.25×10³	杂交象草+团花树 (Pennisetum americanum×P. purpureum)× P. durpureum schum cv. Guimu No.1+Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser

等级	单因子污染指数I_p_i	内梅罗污染指数I_N	潜在生态危害系数E_rⁱ	潜在生态危害指数I_r
清洁	1	0.7	40
轻微	1-2	0.7-1.0	40-80	100-150
中等	2-3	1.0-2.0	80-160	150-300
重度	3-5	2.0-3.0	160-320	300-600
极重	>5	>3.0	>320	>600

等级	单因子污染指数I_p_i	内梅罗污染指数I_N	潜在生态危害系数E_rⁱ	潜在生态危害指数I_r
清洁	1	0.7	40
轻微	1-2	0.7-1.0	40-80	100-150
中等	2-3	1.0-2.0	80-160	150-300
重度	3-5	2.0-3.0	160-320	300-600
极重	>5	>3.0	>320	>600

类型	土层深度/ cm	单因子污染指数					I_N	I_r
类型	土层深度/ cm	Cu	Zn	Pb	Cd	Cr	I_N	I_r
浇灌总量	0-20	0.621* ¹⁾	0.675*	0.029	0.478	0.048	0.601*	0.516
浇灌总量	20-40	0.642*	0.602*	0.068	-0.049	0.084	0.217	0.122
年浇灌量	0-20	0.229	0.165	0.270	0.221	-0.156	0.178	0.234
年浇灌量	20-40	0.201	0.035	0.241	0.003	-0.089	0.005	0.070

Risk Assessment and Safe Consumption Analysis of Heavy Metals under Different Planting Patterns of Biogas Slurry

沼液还田下不同种植模式的重金属风险评价及安全消纳量分析

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重金属	w_s_i/ (mg∙kg^-1)	w_b_i/ (mg∙kg^-1)	ρ_bs_i/ (mg∙L^-1)	理论消纳容量	空心菜种植模式消纳容量		杂交象草种模式消纳容量
重金属	w_s_i/ (mg∙kg^-1)	w_b_i/ (mg∙kg^-1)	ρ_bs_i/ (mg∙L^-1)	Q_i/(m³∙hm^-2)	σ_p_i/(g∙hm^-2)	Q_i/(m³∙hm^-2)	σ_p_i/(g∙hm^-2)	Q_i/(m³∙hm^-2)
Cu	50	38.87	3.830	1.279×10⁴	43.00	1.280×10⁴	374.40	1.289×10⁴
Zn	200	104.44	13.520	3.110×10⁴	91.80	3.111×10⁴	5166.10	3.148×10⁴
Pb	70	41.92	0.610	2.026×10⁵	3.40	2.026×10⁵	21.10	2.026×10⁵
Cd	0.3	0.27	0.025	5.280×10³	0.11	5.284×10³	4.70	5.468×10³
Cr	150	57.71	0.211	1.925×10⁶	7.10	1.925×10⁶	323.00	1.926×10⁶

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