Abstract:

With the rapid development of modern industry and agriculture, environmental pollution is increasingly attracting public attention; for example, heavy metals, pesticides, veterinary residue, and gas pollution will endanger human health and ecological safety. In recent years, hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) have been characterized by their environmental friendliness, mild synthesis, high biocompatibility, good reusability, and regenerability, demonstrating great application potential for the detection and control of environmental pollution. First, this review summarizes the advances in the synthesis of HOFs by selecting suitable organic building blocks and adjusting their porosity and structure to synthesize functionalized HOFs. Second, this review summarizes the advances in HOFs structural stabilization approaches, considering the weaker hydrogen bonding interactions in HOFs, indicating that π-π stacking, electrostatic interactions, interpenetrating structures, and chemical cross-linking have been reported to enhance the structural stability of HOFs. Third, HOFs applications for the adsorption and detection of environmental pollutants such as heavy metals, pesticides, veterinary residues, gaseous pollutants, and greenhouse gases are summarized in this review. Owing to the high specific surface area and adjustable pores, HOFs were functionalized to achieve specific and efficient adsorption of environmental contaminants by modifying specific sites on the functional groups of HOFs. For pollutant detection, HOFs are frequently utilized as analyte enrichment materials, such as solid-phase extraction, to enhance instrumental analysis performance, and sensitive sensors have been fabricated to achieve diversified detection of pollutants based on the electrochemical luminescence (ECL) and fluorescence properties of HOFs. The potential applications of environmental pollutant adsorption and detection are discussed, and the synthesis simplicity, material stability, and identification specificity of HOFs should be investigated in the future.

Key words: hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks, environmental pollutants, adsorption, detection, heavy metals, organic pollutants, gaseous pollutants

摘要：

随着现代工农业的快速发展，环境污染问题正引起国际社会的广泛关注，其中重金属、农兽药残留、气体污染物等会对人体健康和生态安全造成潜在危害。近年来，氢键有机框架（HOFs）作为一种新兴材料，具有环境友好、合成条件温和、生物相容性高、重复性和再生性好等特性，在环境污染物检测与治理方面展现出巨大的应用潜力。该文首先综述了HOFs的合成方法，通过选择合适的有机构建块、调节孔隙度和结构合成功能化HOFs材料。其次，综述了HOFs的结构稳定策略，由于其氢键相互作用难以维持结构稳定性，相关研究通过π-π堆叠、静电相互作用、互穿结构和化学交联等策略，有效提高了HOFs结构的稳定性。此外，还综述了HOFs在重金属、农兽药残留、气体污染物和温室气体等环境污染物中吸附和检测的研究进展。在污染物吸附方面，HOFs具有比表面积大、可调节孔隙的特点，通过修饰HOFs框架中官能团的特异性位点，实现环境污染物的特异性高效吸附。在污染物检测方面，具有高效吸附能力的HOFs可用作分析物富集材料，通过固相萃取等技术提高分析仪器的检测能力；同时，利用HOFs自身的电化学发光（ECL）、荧光等特性，可构建高灵敏传感器，实现环境污染物的多元化检测。最后，对HOFs在环境污染物吸附和检测领域的未来应用进行了展望，特别是在HOFs的合成简便性、结构稳定性以及识别特异性等方面，仍需加强进一步探索和研究。

关键词: 氢键有机框架, 环境污染物, 吸附, 检测, 重金属, 有机污染物, 气体污染物