Abstract:

In this study, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of a bio-organic fertilizer on squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) yield and soil quality. Three treatments with different fertilizer applications were set up: bio-organic fertilizer (BOF), local fertilization practice (LFP), and inorganic fertilizers (IOF). Soil fertility, enzyme activities, and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) were monitored at different growth stages of squash. The results showed that (1) at the mature stage, BOF increased soil pH, bioavailable N, P, and K by 16.9%, 64.4%, 88.2%, and 9.82%, respectively, compared with LFP, and by 6.39%, 15.4%, 44.0%, and 9.82%, respectively, compared with IOF. (2) At the seedling stage, BOF increased soil MBC by 67.0% and 91.8%, respectively, compared with LFP and IOF. At the vine elongation stage, BOF increased MBC, sucrase activities, and acid phosphatase activities by 11.8%-33.2% and 13.1%-37.4%, respectively, compared with LFP and IOF. At the fruiting stage, BOF increased MBC, catalase activities, and acid phosphatase activities by 12.1%-22.7% and 19.3%-28.4%, respectively, compared with LFP and IOF. At the mature stage, BOF increased catalase and acid phosphatase activities by 8.02%-33.5% and 20.1%-27.7%, respectively, compared with LFP and IOF. Therefore, the bio-organic fertilizer had different effects on soil microbial activities at different growth stages of squash. (3) The yield-increasing effect of BOF was significant at the early fruiting stage but insignificant at the late fruiting stage of squash. In conclusion, the bio-organic fertilizer is beneficial for squash production.

Key words: Bio-organic fertilizer, soil fertility, microbial biomass, enzyme activities

摘要：

为了探讨生物有机肥对菜地土壤质量及蔬菜产量的影响,采用田间小区试验,以华南地区代表性瓜类蔬菜白瓜（Cucurbita pepo L.）为试验作物,配施生物有机肥研究了白瓜不同生育期土壤肥力、酶活性、微生物生物量及产量。结果表明,（1）施用生物有机肥能够提高土壤的pH值、碱解氮、速效钾和有效磷的含量。在白瓜清藤期,配施生物有机肥的土壤其pH值、碱解氮、速效钾和有效磷的含量均比农户习惯施肥和无机肥处理均增加10%以上。（2）施用生物有机肥对土壤的酶活性和微生物生物量的含量影响不同。在白瓜苗期,生物有机肥可提高土壤微生物生物量碳含量,与农户习惯施肥和无机肥处理相比分别增加了67.0%和91.8%;在白瓜伸蔓期,生物有机肥可提高微生物量碳含量、蔗糖酶和酸性磷酸酶活性,与农户习惯施肥和无机肥处理相比分别增加了11.8%—33.2%和13.1%—37.4%;在白瓜盛瓜期,生物有机肥可提高微生物生物量碳含量、过氧化氢酶和酸性磷酸酶活性,与农户习惯施肥和无机肥处理相比,分别增加了12.1%—22.7%和19.3%—28.4%;在白瓜清藤期,生物有机肥可增强过氧化氢酶和酸性磷酸酶活性,与农户习惯施肥和无机肥处理相比,分别增加了8.02%—33.5%和20.1%—27.7%。因此,配施生物有机肥对白瓜不同生育期的微生物活性影响不同。（3）生物有机肥对白瓜的增产作用发生在盛瓜期前期,对盛瓜期后期影响很小。综上所述,生物有机肥可提高土壤肥力,增强微生物生物量和酶活性,改良土壤环境,提高白瓜产量。

关键词: 生物有机肥, 土壤肥力, 微生物生物量, 酶活性