A Meta-analysis of the Effects of Freezing and Thawing on Soil Dissolved Carbon and Nitrogen and Microbial Biomass Carbon and Nitrogen Contents

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.08.022

Ecology and Environment ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (8): 1700-1712.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.08.022

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A Meta-analysis of the Effects of Freezing and Thawing on Soil Dissolved Carbon and Nitrogen and Microbial Biomass Carbon and Nitrogen Contents

CUI Qiao¹^,²(), LI Zongxing¹^,^*(), ZHANG Baijuan¹^,², ZHAO Yue¹^,², NAN Fusen¹

1. Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin/Gansu Province Qilian Mountain Eco-environmental Research Center/Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resources, Chinese Academy Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China

Received:2022-03-09 Online:2022-08-18 Published:2022-10-10
Contact: LI Zongxing

冻融作用对土壤可溶性碳氮和微生物量碳氮含量影响的荟萃分析

崔乔¹^,²(), 李宗省¹^,^*(), 张百娟¹^,², 赵越¹^,², 南富森¹

1.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院/内陆河流域生态水文重点实验室/甘肃省祁连山生态研究中心,甘肃兰州 730000
2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049

通讯作者: 李宗省
作者简介:崔乔（1995年生）,女,博士研究生,主要从事高寒区土壤碳氮循环研究。E-mail: cuiqiao268@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(SQ2019YFC050024-01);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0405);甘肃省创新群体项目(2021274);陇原青年创新创业团队项目(2021012)

Abstract

Abstract:

As important parts of soil carbon and nitrogen pool, activated carbon and nitrogen in the soil are important elements in the process of the ecosystem carbon and nitrogen cycle. Freeze-thaw has a profound impact on soil-activated carbon and nitrogen content in ecosystems at high latitudes and high altitudes. Climate change increases the risk of soil carbon and nitrogen loss under freeze-thaw, but there is still a lack of research on this aspect. To reveal the mechanism of the effect of freeze-thaw on the content of activated carbon and nitrogen in soil under the background of climate change, a data meta-analysis was carried out using the existing related research results. The effects of freezing and thawing on activated carbon and nitrogen in soil under changes of precipitation and temperature were reviewed. The main results were as follows. (1) Freezing and thawing increased dissolved organic carbon, dissolved organic nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen content, and microbial biomass carbon-nitrogen ratio, and decreased nitrate nitrogen and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content in soil. (2) The effect of freezing and thawing on dissolved carbon and nitrogen and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen ratio in soil increased with the increase of precipitation and temperature, while the effect on microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content decreased with the increase of precipitation and temperature. The results showed that freezing and thawing affected soil dissolved carbon and nitrogen content and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content. The increase in precipitation and temperature enhanced the effects of freeze-thaw on dissolved carbon and nitrogen in soils at high latitudes and high altitudes, but was not conducive to the storage of microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen. Soil-activated carbon and nitrogen play an important role in maintaining ecosystem stability. Studying the effect of freezing and thawing on soil-activated carbon and nitrogen content in high latitudes and high altitudes can explore the response of ecosystems to climate change, develop strategies to reduce soil greenhouse gas emissions, and further assess the carbon and nitrogen balance of the region.

Key words: freezing and thawing, soil dissolved carbon and nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, precipitation, temperature

摘要：

土壤中的活性碳氮作为土壤碳氮库的重要组成部分,是生态系统碳氮循环过程中的重要元素。冻融作用对高纬度和高海拔地区生态系统的土壤活性碳氮含量影响深刻,且气候变化将调控冻融作用对土壤碳氮的影响。然而,针对冻融作用对气候变化的响应机制的研究较少。为揭示气候变化背景下冻融作用对土壤中活性碳氮含量的影响机制,运用已有的相关研究结果进行数据整合分析,综述了在降水量和温度变化下冻融作用对土壤中活性碳氮的影响。得出以下主要结果,（1）冻融作用提高了土壤中的可溶性有机碳、可溶性有机氮、铵态氮含量和微生物量碳氮比,降低了硝态氮和微生物量碳氮含量。（2）冻融作用对土壤中可溶性碳氮和微生物量碳氮比的影响效应随着降水量和温度的增加而增强,而对微生物量碳氮的影响效应随着降水量和温度的增加而减弱。结果表明,冻融作用影响了土壤可溶性碳氮含量和微生物量碳氮含量。降水量和温度的增加增强了冻融作用对高纬度和高海拔区土壤中可溶性碳氮的影响,却不利于微生物量碳氮的储存。土壤活性碳氮对维持生态系统稳定性具有重要作用,研究高纬度和高海拔地区冻融作用对土壤活性碳氮含量的影响,有助于进一步了解土壤活性碳氮对当前气候变化的反馈,为应对冻融对生态系统造成的影响提供参考。

关键词: 冻融作用, 土壤可溶性碳氮, 微生物量碳氮, 降水, 温度

CLC Number:

CUI Qiao, LI Zongxing, ZHANG Baijuan, ZHAO Yue, NAN Fusen. A Meta-analysis of the Effects of Freezing and Thawing on Soil Dissolved Carbon and Nitrogen and Microbial Biomass Carbon and Nitrogen Contents[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(8): 1700-1712.

崔乔, 李宗省, 张百娟, 赵越, 南富森. 冻融作用对土壤可溶性碳氮和微生物量碳氮含量影响的荟萃分析[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(8): 1700-1712.

Figures/Tables 6

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研究区 The study area	经纬度 Latitude and longitude	生态系统类型 Ecosystem type		植被类型 Vegetation type		土层深度 Soil depth	冻融温度 Freeze-thaw temperature	实验处理 Experimental treatment		实验方法 Experimental method		文献来源 References
瑞典阿斯比库 Abisko, Swedish	68°21′N, 18°40′E	亚北极高山荒地		苔藓; 地衣		4-5 cm	2- -2 ℃	对照		无冻融循环		Sjursen et al., 2005
								冻融处理		2 ℃
										-2 ℃
										-2℃ 3 d
加拿大魁北克市 Québec City, Canada	46°44′N, 71°31′W	农田		大豆; 玉米		0-20 cm		对照		无冻融循环		Pelster et al., 2013
							1- -3 ℃	1, 2, 3, 6和8次冻融处理		1 ℃ 4 d
							1- -7 ℃			-3 ℃和-7 ℃5 d;
										1 ℃ 5 d
德国东部斐克特高原 “Klostergut Scheyern” in Southern Germany	48°30.0′N, 11°20.7′E	农田		夏小麦		0-20 cm	10- -20 ℃	对照		无冻融循环		Su et al., 2010
								冻融处理		-20 ℃ 3 d
								冻融处理		3 d和7 d
意大利阿尔卑斯山 Alps, Italy	45°50′N, 4°38′E	森林		落叶松; 桤木; 冷杉		0.7-1.5 m	4- -9 ℃	对照		无冻融循环		Freppaz et al., 2007
								单次冻结		-9 ℃ 12 h
								单次冻结		4 ℃ 12 h
								4次冻结		-9 ℃ 12 h
								4次冻结		4 ℃ 12 h
	45°30′N, 7°51′E	森林, 草地		白桦; 草甸		0-10 cm	2.4- -4.3 ℃;	对照		无冻融循环		Freppaz et al., 2008
	45°30′N, 7°51′E	森林, 草地		白桦; 草甸		0-10 cm	1.8- -4.5 ℃	除雪处理		-4.3 ℃或 -4.5-2.4 ℃		Freppaz et al., 2008
美国怀特山 White Mountains, USA	43°56′N, 71°45′W	森林		糖枫; 黄桦		Oa层+ Bs层		对照		无冻融循环		Neilson et al., 2001
							-3 ℃	重度冻结		-13 ℃ 10 d
							-13℃	重度冻结		20-25 ℃ 3周
								轻度冻结		-3 ℃ 10 d
								轻度冻结		20-25 ℃ 3周
	43°56′N, 71°45′W	森林		红枫; 美国山毛榉		3-10 cm	1- -0.5 ℃	对照		无冻融循环		Sorensen et al., 2018
								4次冻融循环		-0.5 ℃ 72 h
								4次冻融循环		1 ℃ 72 h
	43°56′N, 71°45′W	森林		美国山毛榉; 糖枫;黄桦		Oa层+ Bs层	-4.5 ℃/-5.8 ℃	对照		无冻融循环		Groffman et al., 2011
	43°56′N, 71°45′W	森林		美国山毛榉; 糖枫;黄桦		Oa层+ Bs层	-4.5 ℃/-5.8 ℃	除雪处理		-5.8 ℃和-4.5 ℃		Groffman et al., 2011
美国科罗拉多落基山 Colorado rocky mountains, USA	40°03′N, 105°35′W	草地		草甸		0-10 cm	3- -5 ℃	对照		无冻融循环		Lipson et al., 2000
								实验1 (6个冻融循环)		-5 ℃
								实验1 (6个冻融循环)		3 ℃
								实验2 (6个冻融循环)		-5 ℃
										0 ℃
										3 ℃
								实验3 (7个冻融循环)		-5 ℃
								实验3 (7个冻融循环)		3 ℃
美国内华达山脉 Southern Sierra Nevada, USA	36°35′49″N, 118°40′29″W	草地		草甸		0-10 cm	5- -2 ℃	对照		无冻融循环		Miller et al., 2007
								冻融处理		0 ℃ 16-24周;
										5 ℃ 48 h;
										-2 ℃ 16周
芬兰约基奥伊宁 Finland in Jokioinen	60°49'N, 23°30'E	农田		—		0-25 cm	4.1- -17.3 ℃	对照		无冻融循环		Koponen et al., 2006
								4次冻融循环		-17.3 ℃ 5 d
								4次冻融循环		4.1 ℃ 7 d
高加索山脉 Caucasus Mountains	43°27″N, 41°41′E	荒原, 草地		草甸		0-10 cm	4- -10 ℃	对照		无冻融循环		Makarov et al., 2015
								1, 8和15次冻融循环		-10 ℃ 10 d
								1, 8和15次冻融循环		4 ℃ 10 d
挪威泰勒马克县 Telemark county, southern Norway	59°01′N, 8°32′E	温带灌丛		帚石楠; 麦氏草; 泥炭藓		0-15 cm	5- -5 ℃	对照		无冻融循环		Vestgarden et al., 2009
								快速冻融循环		2周内-5 ℃ 4个25 h
								慢速冻融循环		2周内-5 ℃ 1个123 h
								持续冷冻		-5 ℃
								持续融化		5 ℃
研究区 The study area	经纬度 Latitude and longitude		生态系统类型 Ecosystem type		植被类型 Vegetation type	土层深度 Soil depth	冻融温度 Freeze-thaw temperature		实验处理 Experimental treatment		实验方法 Experimental method	文献来源 References
青藏高原 Qinghai-Tibet Plateau	30°57′N, 88°42′E		草地		草甸	0-15 cm	5- -15℃;		对照		无冻融循环	Fan et al., 2012
							5- -25 ℃		1, 2和4次冻融循环		-10 ℃和-25 ℃ 1 d
									1, 2和4次冻融循环		5 ℃ 1 d
	32°59′N, 103°40′E		草地		草甸	0-20 cm			对照		无冻融循环	Gao et al., 2015
							5- -5 ℃		轻微冻结		-5 ℃
							5- -15 ℃		轻微冻结		5 ℃
									低温冻结		-15 ℃
											5 ℃
	33°03′N, 102°36′E		草地		草甸		5- -5 ℃		对照		无冻融循环	谢青琰等, 2015
							5- -15 ℃		3, 6, 9和15次冻融循环		-5 ℃和-15 ℃ 24 h
									3, 6, 9和15次冻融循环		5 ℃ 24 h
长白山 Changbai Mountains	42°24N, 128°6E		森林		阔叶红松混交林; 白桦林	0-10 cm	10- -8 ℃		对照		无冻融循环	Xu et al., 2016
							10- -18 ℃		短期冻结		-18 ℃和-80 ℃ 10 d
							10- -80 ℃		短期冻结		10 ℃ 21 d
									长期冻结		-18 ℃和-80 ℃ 145 d
									长期冻结		10 ℃ 21 d
	42°17′09.54″-42°25′16.22″N, 127°49′16.97″-128°05′35.47″E		森林		硬阔叶林; 红松阔叶林; 次生白桦林	0-20 cm	5- -15 ℃		对照		无冻融循环	高珊等, 2018
									8次冻融循环		-15 ℃ 33 h
									8次冻融循环		5 ℃ 19 h
小兴安岭 Xiaoxing’an Mountains	48°03′53″-48°17′11″N, 128°30′36″-128°45'00″E		湿地		森林沼泽	0-20 cm			对照		无冻融循环	郭冬楠等, 2015
							5- -5 ℃;		1, 2, 4和9次小幅度冻融循环		-5 ℃ 24 h
							5- -25 ℃		1, 2, 4和9次小幅度冻融循环		5 ℃ 24 h
									1, 2, 4和9次大幅度冻融循环		-25 ℃ 24 h
									1, 2, 4和9次大幅度冻融循环		5 ℃ 24 h
大兴安岭 Daxing’an Mountains	52°25′N, 122°52′E		湿地		杜香; 蓝莓; 泥炭藓	0-45 cm	10- -10 ℃		对照		无冻融循环	Wang et al., 2014
									3, 5, 10和15次小幅度冻融循环		-5 ℃ 24 h
									3, 5, 10和15次小幅度冻融循环		5 ℃ 24 h
									3, 5, 10和15次大幅度冻融循环		-10 ℃ 24 h
									3, 5, 10和15次大幅度冻融循环		10 ℃ 24 h
三江平原 Sanjiang Plain	45°21.875′N, 132°18.372′E		湿地		小叶章	0-10 cm	10- -10 ℃		对照		无冻融循环	Song et al., 2017b
									20次冻融循环		-10 ℃ 2 h
											-2 ℃ 1 h
											2 ℃ 1 h
											10 ℃ 2 h
	47°35′N, 133°31′E		湿地		小叶章	0-15 cm	5- -5 ℃;		对照		无冻融循环	周旺明等, 2008
							5- -25 ℃		1, 2, 4, 6和10次冻融循环		-5 ℃或-25 ℃ 1 d
									1, 2, 4, 6和10次冻融循环		5 ℃ 1 d
松嫩平原 Songnen Plain	125.27803°N, 43.822955°E		温带森林		农田防护林	0-30 cm	10- -15 ℃		对照		无冻融循环	Han et al., 2018
									8次冻融循环		-15 ℃ 12 h
											10 ℃ 12 h
黄土高原半干旱生态系统研究站 Semi-arid Ecosystem Research Station of Loess Plateau	36°2′N, 104°25′E		草地, 农田		多花冰草; 苜蓿; 小麦; 玉米;马铃薯	0-20 cm	3- -2 ℃		对照		无冻融循环	Han et al., 2018
									3次冻融循环		-2 ℃ 8 d
									3次冻融循环		3 ℃ 8 d
									6次冻融循环		-2 ℃ 4 d
									6次冻融循环		3 ℃ 48 d
新疆伊犁 Ili River Valley	43°27′N, 82°54′E		农田		玉米	0-20 cm			对照		无冻融循环	Liu et al., 2017
							5- -5 ℃ ;		15次小幅度冻融循环		-5 ℃ 24 h
							10- -10 ℃		15次小幅度冻融循环		5 ℃ 24 h
									15次大幅度冻融循环		-10 ℃ 24 h
									15次大幅度冻融循环		10 ℃ 24 h
丹麦 Denmark	54°55′N, 9°45′E		农田		大麦	0-20 cm	10- -20 ℃		对照		无冻融循环	Christensen et al., 1991
									1次冻融循环		-20 ℃ 4-8周
									1次冻融循环		融化
									2次冻融循环		-20 ℃ 4-8周
											第一次融化
											10 ℃ 18 d
											-20 ℃ 7周
											第二次融化

研究区 The study area	经纬度 Latitude and longitude	生态系统类型 Ecosystem type		植被类型 Vegetation type		土层深度 Soil depth	冻融温度 Freeze-thaw temperature	实验处理 Experimental treatment		实验方法 Experimental method		文献来源 References
瑞典阿斯比库 Abisko, Swedish	68°21′N, 18°40′E	亚北极高山荒地		苔藓; 地衣		4-5 cm	2- -2 ℃	对照		无冻融循环		Sjursen et al., 2005
								冻融处理		2 ℃
										-2 ℃
										-2℃ 3 d
加拿大魁北克市 Québec City, Canada	46°44′N, 71°31′W	农田		大豆; 玉米		0-20 cm		对照		无冻融循环		Pelster et al., 2013
							1- -3 ℃	1, 2, 3, 6和8次冻融处理		1 ℃ 4 d
							1- -7 ℃			-3 ℃和-7 ℃5 d;
										1 ℃ 5 d
德国东部斐克特高原 “Klostergut Scheyern” in Southern Germany	48°30.0′N, 11°20.7′E	农田		夏小麦		0-20 cm	10- -20 ℃	对照		无冻融循环		Su et al., 2010
								冻融处理		-20 ℃ 3 d
								冻融处理		3 d和7 d
意大利阿尔卑斯山 Alps, Italy	45°50′N, 4°38′E	森林		落叶松; 桤木; 冷杉		0.7-1.5 m	4- -9 ℃	对照		无冻融循环		Freppaz et al., 2007
								单次冻结		-9 ℃ 12 h
								单次冻结		4 ℃ 12 h
								4次冻结		-9 ℃ 12 h
								4次冻结		4 ℃ 12 h
	45°30′N, 7°51′E	森林, 草地		白桦; 草甸		0-10 cm	2.4- -4.3 ℃;	对照		无冻融循环		Freppaz et al., 2008
	45°30′N, 7°51′E	森林, 草地		白桦; 草甸		0-10 cm	1.8- -4.5 ℃	除雪处理		-4.3 ℃或 -4.5-2.4 ℃		Freppaz et al., 2008
美国怀特山 White Mountains, USA	43°56′N, 71°45′W	森林		糖枫; 黄桦		Oa层+ Bs层		对照		无冻融循环		Neilson et al., 2001
							-3 ℃	重度冻结		-13 ℃ 10 d
							-13℃	重度冻结		20-25 ℃ 3周
								轻度冻结		-3 ℃ 10 d
								轻度冻结		20-25 ℃ 3周
	43°56′N, 71°45′W	森林		红枫; 美国山毛榉		3-10 cm	1- -0.5 ℃	对照		无冻融循环		Sorensen et al., 2018
								4次冻融循环		-0.5 ℃ 72 h
								4次冻融循环		1 ℃ 72 h
	43°56′N, 71°45′W	森林		美国山毛榉; 糖枫;黄桦		Oa层+ Bs层	-4.5 ℃/-5.8 ℃	对照		无冻融循环		Groffman et al., 2011
	43°56′N, 71°45′W	森林		美国山毛榉; 糖枫;黄桦		Oa层+ Bs层	-4.5 ℃/-5.8 ℃	除雪处理		-5.8 ℃和-4.5 ℃		Groffman et al., 2011
美国科罗拉多落基山 Colorado rocky mountains, USA	40°03′N, 105°35′W	草地		草甸		0-10 cm	3- -5 ℃	对照		无冻融循环		Lipson et al., 2000
								实验1 (6个冻融循环)		-5 ℃
								实验1 (6个冻融循环)		3 ℃
								实验2 (6个冻融循环)		-5 ℃
										0 ℃
										3 ℃
								实验3 (7个冻融循环)		-5 ℃
								实验3 (7个冻融循环)		3 ℃
美国内华达山脉 Southern Sierra Nevada, USA	36°35′49″N, 118°40′29″W	草地		草甸		0-10 cm	5- -2 ℃	对照		无冻融循环		Miller et al., 2007
								冻融处理		0 ℃ 16-24周;
										5 ℃ 48 h;
										-2 ℃ 16周
芬兰约基奥伊宁 Finland in Jokioinen	60°49'N, 23°30'E	农田		—		0-25 cm	4.1- -17.3 ℃	对照		无冻融循环		Koponen et al., 2006
								4次冻融循环		-17.3 ℃ 5 d
								4次冻融循环		4.1 ℃ 7 d
高加索山脉 Caucasus Mountains	43°27″N, 41°41′E	荒原, 草地		草甸		0-10 cm	4- -10 ℃	对照		无冻融循环		Makarov et al., 2015
								1, 8和15次冻融循环		-10 ℃ 10 d
								1, 8和15次冻融循环		4 ℃ 10 d
挪威泰勒马克县 Telemark county, southern Norway	59°01′N, 8°32′E	温带灌丛		帚石楠; 麦氏草; 泥炭藓		0-15 cm	5- -5 ℃	对照		无冻融循环		Vestgarden et al., 2009
								快速冻融循环		2周内-5 ℃ 4个25 h
								慢速冻融循环		2周内-5 ℃ 1个123 h
								持续冷冻		-5 ℃
								持续融化		5 ℃
研究区 The study area	经纬度 Latitude and longitude		生态系统类型 Ecosystem type		植被类型 Vegetation type	土层深度 Soil depth	冻融温度 Freeze-thaw temperature		实验处理 Experimental treatment		实验方法 Experimental method	文献来源 References
青藏高原 Qinghai-Tibet Plateau	30°57′N, 88°42′E		草地		草甸	0-15 cm	5- -15℃;		对照		无冻融循环	Fan et al., 2012
							5- -25 ℃		1, 2和4次冻融循环		-10 ℃和-25 ℃ 1 d
									1, 2和4次冻融循环		5 ℃ 1 d
	32°59′N, 103°40′E		草地		草甸	0-20 cm			对照		无冻融循环	Gao et al., 2015
							5- -5 ℃		轻微冻结		-5 ℃
							5- -15 ℃		轻微冻结		5 ℃
									低温冻结		-15 ℃
											5 ℃
	33°03′N, 102°36′E		草地		草甸		5- -5 ℃		对照		无冻融循环	谢青琰等, 2015
							5- -15 ℃		3, 6, 9和15次冻融循环		-5 ℃和-15 ℃ 24 h
									3, 6, 9和15次冻融循环		5 ℃ 24 h
长白山 Changbai Mountains	42°24N, 128°6E		森林		阔叶红松混交林; 白桦林	0-10 cm	10- -8 ℃		对照		无冻融循环	Xu et al., 2016
							10- -18 ℃		短期冻结		-18 ℃和-80 ℃ 10 d
							10- -80 ℃		短期冻结		10 ℃ 21 d
									长期冻结		-18 ℃和-80 ℃ 145 d
									长期冻结		10 ℃ 21 d
	42°17′09.54″-42°25′16.22″N, 127°49′16.97″-128°05′35.47″E		森林		硬阔叶林; 红松阔叶林; 次生白桦林	0-20 cm	5- -15 ℃		对照		无冻融循环	高珊等, 2018
									8次冻融循环		-15 ℃ 33 h
									8次冻融循环		5 ℃ 19 h
小兴安岭 Xiaoxing’an Mountains	48°03′53″-48°17′11″N, 128°30′36″-128°45'00″E		湿地		森林沼泽	0-20 cm			对照		无冻融循环	郭冬楠等, 2015
							5- -5 ℃;		1, 2, 4和9次小幅度冻融循环		-5 ℃ 24 h
							5- -25 ℃		1, 2, 4和9次小幅度冻融循环		5 ℃ 24 h
									1, 2, 4和9次大幅度冻融循环		-25 ℃ 24 h
									1, 2, 4和9次大幅度冻融循环		5 ℃ 24 h
大兴安岭 Daxing’an Mountains	52°25′N, 122°52′E		湿地		杜香; 蓝莓; 泥炭藓	0-45 cm	10- -10 ℃		对照		无冻融循环	Wang et al., 2014
									3, 5, 10和15次小幅度冻融循环		-5 ℃ 24 h
									3, 5, 10和15次小幅度冻融循环		5 ℃ 24 h
									3, 5, 10和15次大幅度冻融循环		-10 ℃ 24 h
									3, 5, 10和15次大幅度冻融循环		10 ℃ 24 h
三江平原 Sanjiang Plain	45°21.875′N, 132°18.372′E		湿地		小叶章	0-10 cm	10- -10 ℃		对照		无冻融循环	Song et al., 2017b
									20次冻融循环		-10 ℃ 2 h
											-2 ℃ 1 h
											2 ℃ 1 h
											10 ℃ 2 h
	47°35′N, 133°31′E		湿地		小叶章	0-15 cm	5- -5 ℃;		对照		无冻融循环	周旺明等, 2008
							5- -25 ℃		1, 2, 4, 6和10次冻融循环		-5 ℃或-25 ℃ 1 d
									1, 2, 4, 6和10次冻融循环		5 ℃ 1 d
松嫩平原 Songnen Plain	125.27803°N, 43.822955°E		温带森林		农田防护林	0-30 cm	10- -15 ℃		对照		无冻融循环	Han et al., 2018
									8次冻融循环		-15 ℃ 12 h
											10 ℃ 12 h
黄土高原半干旱生态系统研究站 Semi-arid Ecosystem Research Station of Loess Plateau	36°2′N, 104°25′E		草地, 农田		多花冰草; 苜蓿; 小麦; 玉米;马铃薯	0-20 cm	3- -2 ℃		对照		无冻融循环	Han et al., 2018
									3次冻融循环		-2 ℃ 8 d
									3次冻融循环		3 ℃ 8 d
									6次冻融循环		-2 ℃ 4 d
									6次冻融循环		3 ℃ 48 d
新疆伊犁 Ili River Valley	43°27′N, 82°54′E		农田		玉米	0-20 cm			对照		无冻融循环	Liu et al., 2017
							5- -5 ℃ ;		15次小幅度冻融循环		-5 ℃ 24 h
							10- -10 ℃		15次小幅度冻融循环		5 ℃ 24 h
									15次大幅度冻融循环		-10 ℃ 24 h
									15次大幅度冻融循环		10 ℃ 24 h
丹麦 Denmark	54°55′N, 9°45′E		农田		大麦	0-20 cm	10- -20 ℃		对照		无冻融循环	Christensen et al., 1991
									1次冻融循环		-20 ℃ 4-8周
									1次冻融循环		融化
									2次冻融循环		-20 ℃ 4-8周
											第一次融化
											10 ℃ 18 d
											-20 ℃ 7周
											第二次融化

A Meta-analysis of the Effects of Freezing and Thawing on Soil Dissolved Carbon and Nitrogen and Microbial Biomass Carbon and Nitrogen Contents

冻融作用对土壤可溶性碳氮和微生物量碳氮含量影响的荟萃分析

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