The Spatial-temporal Pattern and Influencing Factors of Negative Air Ions in Tropical Forests, Hainan, China

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.05.002

Ecology and Environment ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (5): 898-906.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.05.002

• Research Articles • Previous Articles Next Articles

The Spatial-temporal Pattern and Influencing Factors of Negative Air Ions in Tropical Forests, Hainan, China

WANG Yiquan¹^,²(), ZHOU Zhang¹^,³^,^*(), LI Yide¹, CHEN Dexiang¹, ZHANG Tao¹^,³, YANG Fan¹^,³

1. Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Jianfengling Long-term Research Station for Tropical Forest Ecosystem, Guangzhou 510520, China
2. Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
3. Experimental Station of Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Ledong 572542, China

Received:2020-12-04 Online:2021-05-18 Published:2021-08-06
Contact: ZHOU Zhang

不同热带森林空气负离子浓度评价研究

王一荃¹^,²(), 周璋¹^,³^,^*(), 李意德¹, 陈德祥¹, 张涛¹^,³, 杨繁¹^,³

1.中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所/海南尖峰岭森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,广东广州 510520
2.南京林业大学,江苏南京 210037
3.中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所试验站,海南乐东 572542

通讯作者: 周璋
作者简介:王一荃（1997年生）,女,硕士研究生,主要从事森林生态系统质量研究。E-mail:wangyiquan1220@126.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0503804-02);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(CAFYBB2018ZA002)

Abstract

Abstract:

The spatial and temporal variations of negative air ions (NAIs) and their influencing factors in the tropical forest have attracted much attention. It provides basic parameters for the assessment of forest health resources and ecosystem service function in tropical forest. The mountain tropical forest area was selected as the research area in which to determine the differences of environmental factors that influence NAIs at different time and space scales. NAIs, meteorological factors, and air particulate matter were monitored simultaneously. Pearson correlation analysis and linear regression analysis were used to quantify the relationship between NAIs and the influencing factors. Abe Air ion evaluation index and forest air ion evaluation model were applied to evaluate the air quality of different forest stands. The results showed that: (1) The average value of NAIs concentration in the mountain tropical forest of Jianfengling is 1534-5393 ion∙cm^-3. The annual average value was sorted in descending order as primary tropical mountain rainforest (5393 ion∙cm^-3), secondary tropical mountain rainforest (4199 ion∙cm^-3), Chiffon pine (Podocarpus imbricatus) plantation (4009 ion∙cm^-3) > Caribbean pine (Pinus caribaea) plantation (2606 ion∙cm^-3), open space (1543 ion∙cm^-3). (2) The seasonal variation of NAIs was significant in different forests, while the monthly variation curves generally showed similar characteristics a single peak curve, with highest value appeared in May (in rainy season), and the lowest value in November (in dry season). The diurnal variation of NAIs generally presented a inverse V-shaped distribution. The larger values occured from 10:00 to 12:00 in the daytime, and the minimum appeared at 200:00 and 21:00 during dry season, and there’s no obvious low peak in the rainy season. (3) There were significant positive correlation between NAIs concentration and specie and structural diversity (P<0.01). There was a positive correlation between NAIs and relative humidity (P<0.01), but a negative correlation with air temperature and ρ (PM_2.5) (P<0.01). And (4) the order of air quality evaluation index from minimum to maximum is as follows: Open space<Caribbean pine plantation<Chiffon pine plantation<secondary tropical mountain rainforest<primary tropical mountain rainforest. The ability of tropical forests to improve the air environment quality is related to the types of forests and the origin of the forests. Natural forests>artificial forests, primary forests>secondary forests. Among the environmental impact factors, forest structure (species diversity and stand structural diversity) is primary, and the climate (relative humidity, the temperature and PM_2.5) are minor. In this paper, we assessed the air quality of each forest type and showed that mountain tropical forest areas are more suitable for forest healthcare. These results can provide a theoretical foundation for the development and utilization of NAIs resources in the tropical rainforest national park for recreation and travel.

Key words: Air negative ions (NAIs), air quality, tropical forest, natural forest, plantation, Jianfengling, Hainan Island

摘要：

探究中国热带森林改善空气环境质量的功能及其影响因子,为热带雨林国家公园康养资源及生态系统服务功能评估提供基本参数。选择海南尖峰岭4种典型森林类型监测空气负离子浓度及其变化,并以无植被覆盖的开阔地为参照对象,采用相关分析与回归分析等方法研究不同植被类型空气负离子差异及其影响因素,并采用安倍空气离子评价指数、森林空气离子评价模型对不同林分空气质量进行评价。结果表明,（1）尖峰岭热带山地雨林区平均空气负离子浓度为1534—5393 ion∙cm^-3。不同林分空气负离子浓度差异明显,从高到低排序为：热带山地雨林原始林 (5393 ion∙cm^-3)>热带山地雨林次生林 (4199 ion∙cm^-3)>鸡毛松 (Podocarpus imbricatus) 人工林 (4009 ion∙cm^-3)>加勒比松 (Pinus caribaea) 人工林 (2606 ion∙cm^-3)>空旷地 (1543 ion∙cm^-3)。（2）负离子浓度一年中最高值为5月（雨季）,最低值为11月（旱季）。负离子浓度在一天中的最高值出现在10:00—12:00,旱季最低值出现在20:00—21:00,雨季没有明显低峰。（3）林内空气负离子浓度与林分结构（物种多样性指数和结构多样性指数）呈显著正相关关系（P<0.01）;与相对湿度呈正相关（P<0.01）,而与空气温度和PM_2.5质量浓度呈负相关（P<0.05）。（4）各林分空气质量评价指数从小到大依次为：空旷地<加勒比松人工林<鸡毛松人工林<热带山地雨林次生林<热带山地雨林原始林。热带森林改善空气环境质量的能力与林分类型、林分起源有关,天然林>人工林,原始林>次生林,热带森林空气负离子浓度主要受物种多样性和林分结构多样性的影响。

关键词: 空气负离子, 空气质量, 热带森林, 天然林, 人工林, 海南尖峰岭

CLC Number:

Q948
X16

WANG Yiquan, ZHOU Zhang, LI Yide, CHEN Dexiang, ZHANG Tao, YANG Fan. The Spatial-temporal Pattern and Influencing Factors of Negative Air Ions in Tropical Forests, Hainan, China[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2021, 30(5): 898-906.

王一荃, 周璋, 李意德, 陈德祥, 张涛, 杨繁. 不同热带森林空气负离子浓度评价研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(5): 898-906.

Figures/Tables 11

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林分起源Stand origin	森林类型 Forest types	样地数量Number of plots	平均胸径 Mean DBH/ cm	最大胸径 Max DBH/ cm	林分密度 Stand density/ (stems∙hm^-2)	物种多样性指数 Species diversity index (Hsp)	林分结构多样性指数 Structure diversity index (Hst)	海拔Altitude/ m	历史干扰 Disturbance
人工林Plantation	加勒比松 Pinus caribaea	3	19.1±0.8	51.4±19.3	1924±435	1.03±0.49	4.39±0.14	850‒900	20世纪60年代皆伐后人工种植(外来种) Cultivated after clearcutting in 1960s (foreign species)
人工林Plantation	鸡毛松 Podocarpus imbricatus	3	13.6±1.9	73.5±2.1	9404±1061	3.84±0.21	6.14±0.45	869‒1022	20世纪60年代皆伐后人工种植(乡土种) Cultivated after clearcutting in 1960s (native species)
天然林Natural forest	热带山地雨林次生林 Secondary tropical mountain rainforest	4	19.8±4.9	150.8±65.1	8413±1460	4.11±0.06	4.61±1.12	830‒881	1964年皆伐后天然更新 Natural regeneration after clearcutting in 1964
天然林Natural forest	热带山地雨林原始林 Primary tropical mountain rainforest	3	20.7±1.4	132.7±12.5	7295±1276	4.2±0.08	5.91±0.59	800‒893	无人为干扰, 仅台风自然干扰 No human disturbance, only natural disturbance (Typhon)

林分起源Stand origin	森林类型 Forest types	样地数量Number of plots	平均胸径 Mean DBH/ cm	最大胸径 Max DBH/ cm	林分密度 Stand density/ (stems∙hm^-2)	物种多样性指数 Species diversity index (Hsp)	林分结构多样性指数 Structure diversity index (Hst)	海拔Altitude/ m	历史干扰 Disturbance
人工林Plantation	加勒比松 Pinus caribaea	3	19.1±0.8	51.4±19.3	1924±435	1.03±0.49	4.39±0.14	850‒900	20世纪60年代皆伐后人工种植(外来种) Cultivated after clearcutting in 1960s (foreign species)
人工林Plantation	鸡毛松 Podocarpus imbricatus	3	13.6±1.9	73.5±2.1	9404±1061	3.84±0.21	6.14±0.45	869‒1022	20世纪60年代皆伐后人工种植(乡土种) Cultivated after clearcutting in 1960s (native species)
天然林Natural forest	热带山地雨林次生林 Secondary tropical mountain rainforest	4	19.8±4.9	150.8±65.1	8413±1460	4.11±0.06	4.61±1.12	830‒881	1964年皆伐后天然更新 Natural regeneration after clearcutting in 1964
天然林Natural forest	热带山地雨林原始林 Primary tropical mountain rainforest	3	20.7±1.4	132.7±12.5	7295±1276	4.2±0.08	5.91±0.59	800‒893	无人为干扰, 仅台风自然干扰 No human disturbance, only natural disturbance (Typhon)

空气质量等级Air quality grade	空气清洁程度 Degree of air cleanliness	空气离子评价指数 CI
A	最清洁 The most clean	>1.0
B	清洁 Clean	1.0‒0.70
C	中等 Medium	0.69‒0.50
D	允许值 Allowable value	0.49‒0.30
E	临界值 Critical value	<0.29

空气质量等级Air quality grade	空气清洁程度 Degree of air cleanliness	空气离子评价指数 CI
A	最清洁 The most clean	>1.0
B	清洁 Clean	1.0‒0.70
C	中等 Medium	0.69‒0.50
D	允许值 Allowable value	0.49‒0.30
E	临界值 Critical value	<0.29

空气负离子等级 NAIs rank	空气负离子含量 NAIs concentration/ (ion∙cm^-3)	空气负离子系数 Coefficience (p)	空气负离子评价指数 FCI
Ⅰ	>3000	>0.8	>2.4
Ⅱ	2000‒3000	0.7‒0.8	1.4‒2.4
Ⅲ	1500‒2000	0.6‒0.7	0.9‒1.4
Ⅳ	1000‒1500	0.5‒0.6	0.5‒0.9
Ⅴ	400‒1000	0.4‒0.5	0.16‒0.5
Ⅵ	<400	<0.4	<0.16

The Spatial-temporal Pattern and Influencing Factors of Negative Air Ions in Tropical Forests, Hainan, China

不同热带森林空气负离子浓度评价研究

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林分起源 Stand origin	森林类型 Forest type	旱季 Dry season		雨季 Rainy season		总平均值 Average
林分起源 Stand origin	森林类型 Forest type	负离子 NAIs	正离子 PAIs	负离子 NAIs	正离子 PAIs	负离子 NAIs	正离子 PAIs
人工林 Plantation	加勒比松 P. caribaea	2316±514	2103±264	2896±455	2409±419	2606±408	2256±335
	鸡毛松 P. imbricatus	4260±357	3808±110	3757±333	3234±284	4009±334	3521±94
	平均 Average	3288±1068	2956±877	3327±587	2822±546	3307±794	2889±679
天然林 Natural forest	次生林 Secondary forest	3963±635	4349±318	4417±528	3498±384	4199±577	3902±260
	原始林 Primary forest	4655±223	4486±165	6132±1162	4919±409	5393±692	4702±287
	平均 Average	4260±607	4408±272	5152±1207	4107±806	4711±863	4245±482
空旷地 Open space	空旷地 Open space	1489±384	1643±572	1578±401	1372±354	1534±395	1507±494
总计 Total		3645±1118	3588±1070	4114±1463	3361±1067	3882±1234	3468±1017

负离子浓度 NAIs concentration	空气温度 Air temperature		相对湿度 Relative humidity		PM_2.5质量浓度 ρ (PM_2.5)
负离子浓度 NAIs concentration	相关系数 Correlation coefficient	偏相关系数 Partial correlation coefficient	相关系数 Correlation coefficient	偏相关系数 Partial correlation coefficient	相关系数 Correlation coefficient	偏相关系数 Partial correlation coefficient
平均值 Mean	-0.13**	0.06	0.37**	0.35**	-0.11*	-0.03
最大值 Maximum	-0.14**	0.06	0.38**	0.35**	-0.13**	-0.05
最小值 Minimum	-0.16**	0.02	0.36**	0.32**	-0.10*	-0.21

林分起源 Stand origin	森林类型 Forest type	q值 q value	CI值 CI value	空气质量等级 Air quality grade	P值 P value	FCI值 FCI value	空气负离子等级NAIs rank
人工林 Plantation	加勒比松P. caribaea	0.87±0.08	3.01±0.66	A	0.54±0.02	1.40±0.25	Ⅲ
	鸡毛松P. imbricatus	0.88±0.05	4.56±0.65	A	0.53±0.01	2.13±0.24	Ⅱ
	平均Average	0.87±0.06	3.79±1.01	A	0.53±0.02	1.77±0.44	Ⅱ
天然林 Natural forest	次生林 Secondary forest	0.93±0.09	4.52±0.95	A	0.52±0.02	2.18±0.38	Ⅱ
	原始林 Primary forest	0.87±0.07	6.19±1.23	A	0.53±0.02	2.88±0.47	Ⅰ
	平均 Average	0.90±0.09	5.23±1.36	A	0.53±0.02	2.48±0.54	Ⅰ
空旷地 Open space	空旷地 Open space	0.98±0.08	1.56±0.16	A	0.50±0.02	0.77±0.05	Ⅳ
总计 Total		0.89±0.08	4.35±1.57	A	0.53±0.02	2.05±0.69	Ⅱ

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