生态环境学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (1): 13-25.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2025.01.003

• 研究论文【生态学】 • 上一篇    下一篇

三峡水库消落区生态系统服务功能变化格局研究

孙云堃1,2,3(), 冯琦1,4, 丁长虹5, 温兆飞2,*()   

  1. 1.重庆交通大学河海学院，重庆 400074
    2.中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院，重庆 400714
    3.中国科学院大学重庆学院，重庆 400714
    4.重庆市水利局，重庆 401147
    5.空军航空大学，吉林 长春 130012
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-26 出版日期:2025-01-18 发布日期:2025-01-21
  • 通讯作者: * 温兆飞。E-mail: wenzhaofei@cigit.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:孙云堃（1999年生），男，硕士研究生，主要从事环境监测与环境系统分析。E-mail: sunyunkun@cigit.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    三峡库区消落区（重庆段）生态环境调查及生态恢复技术示范项目(5000002021BF40001);三峡水库重庆库区长江干流及重要支流健康评价(CQS23C01036);重庆市科技局自然科学基金面上项目(cstc2021jcyj-msxmX1099)

Study on the Change Pattern of Ecosystem Service Functions in the Water-level-Fluctuation Zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir

SUN Yunkun1,2,3(), FENG Qi1,4, DING Changhong5, WEN Zhaofei2,*()   

  1. 1. School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, P. R. China
    2. Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, P. R. China
    3. Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, P. R. China
    4. Chongqing Water Resources Bureau, Chongqing 401147, P. R. China
    5. Aviation University of the PLA Air Force, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
  • Received:2024-04-26 Online:2025-01-18 Published:2025-01-21

RichHTML

PDF

摘要：

三峡水库消落区是指坝前水位175 m逐步消退至防洪限制水位145 m之间，水库两岸因水库调度运用出现的临时性淹没或出露的水陆交错区域。三峡水库运行已近20年，但消落区生态系统服务功能至今尚未被全面定量地认识，给消落区的管理保护和利用带来了诸多困扰。通过2021—2022年4次大范围高密度的消落区实地调查采样，共获得2000余份一手调查数据，并以此从消落区的支持功能、供给功能、调节功能和文化功能方面，系统地定量刻画了消落区生态系统服务功能。研究发现：1）三峡水库消落区生态系统的调节功能在空间上分布相对均匀，各个区县的得分在平均分0.67上下波动；2）从库首到库尾，三峡水库消落区生态系统的文化功能得分由0.60持续上升到0.73，呈现出持续上升的趋势；3）从库首到库尾，三峡水库消落区支持功能得分分别为0.34、0.41、0.27，供给功能得分分别为0.32、0.52、0.36，调节功能得分分别为0.55、0.72、0.67，服务功能指数分别为0.49、0.62、0.56，均呈现出先升高后降低的趋势；4）消落区生态系统服务功能在空间上呈现出集群分布特征。进一步分析了形成这种空间分布格局的可能原因，提出了针对性的生态保护和管理对策。

关键词: 三峡水库, 消落区生态系统, 服务功能, 空间分布

Abstract:

The water-level fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir refers to the alternating submersion and exposure of land areas between the maximum dam-front water level of 175 m and the flood control level of 145 m, resulting from reservoir regulation. Despite nearly 20 years of reservoir operation, the ecosystem services of the water level fluctuation zone have not been comprehensively quantified, posing challenges for their management, conservation, and utilization. Through extensive high-density field surveys and sampling conducted four times from 2021 to 2022, over 2000 first-hand data samples were collected. These data were used to systematically quantify the ecosystem services of the water-level fluctuation zone in terms of support, provisioning, regulation, and cultural functions. The key findings are as follows: 1) the spatial distribution of the regulating function of the water-level fluctuation zone was relatively uniform, with average scores across districts fluctuating around 0.67. 2) The cultural function score exhibited a steady increase from the reservoir head to the tail, rising from 0.60 0.73. 3) From the reservoir head to the tail, the supporting function scores were 0.34, 0.41, and 0.27, respectively; provisioning function scores were 0.32, 0.52, and 0.36; regulating function scores were 0.55, 0.72, and 0.67; and the ecosystem service index scores were 0.49, 0.62, and 0.56, respectively, showing an initial increase followed by a decrease. 4) Spatially, ecosystem services in the water-level fluctuation zone displayed a clustered distribution pattern. Further analysis explored the potential causes of this spatial distribution, and proposed targeted strategies for ecological protection and management.

Key words: Three Gorges Reservoir, ecosystem of the water-level-fluctuation zone, service function, spatial distribution

中图分类号: