南海永兴岛和东岛土壤中微塑料和卤代阻燃剂的分布特征

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.05.016

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (5): 1008-1014.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.05.016

南海永兴岛和东岛土壤中微塑料和卤代阻燃剂的分布特征

谢晨敏¹^,³(), 隆楚月¹^,³, 黎大宁¹, 朱春友², 彭先芝², 孙毓鑫¹^,^*(), 罗孝俊², 张黎¹, 麦碧娴²

1.中国科学院南海海洋研究所/中国科学院热带海洋生物资源与生态重点实验室,广东广州 510220
2.中国科学院广州地球化学研究所/有机地球化学国家重点实验室,广东广州 510640
3.中国科学院大学,北京 100049

收稿日期:2021-12-23 出版日期:2022-05-18 发布日期:2022-07-12
通讯作者: * 孙毓鑫（1983年生）,男,副研究员,主要从事有机污染物的海洋环境地球化学研究。E-mail: sunyx@scsio.ac.cn
作者简介:谢晨敏（1997年生）,女,硕士研究生,主要从事污染物的环境行为研究。E-mail: xiechenmin19@mails.ucas.ac.cn
基金资助:
广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2021B1515020040);广东特支计划项目(201629019)

Distribution of Microplastics and Halogenated Flame Retardants in Soils from Yongxing Island and East Island, South China Sea

XIE Chenmin¹^,³(), LONG Chuyue¹^,³, LI Daning¹, ZHU Chunyou², PENG Xianzhi², SUN Yuxin¹^,^*(), LUO Xiaojun², ZHANG Li¹, MAI Bixian²

1. Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, P. R. China
2. State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510220, P. R. China
3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China

Received:2021-12-23 Online:2022-05-18 Published:2022-07-12

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

永兴岛和东岛是南海的重要战略岛屿,研究微塑料和卤代阻燃剂（Halogenated flame retardants,HFRs）在永兴岛和东岛土壤中的分布特征,有助于更好地了解南海岛屿土壤的生态环境现状,为评估海岛土壤中微塑料和HFRs的生态风险提供重要的科学依据。该文研究了永兴岛和东岛土壤样品中微塑料和HFRs的污染水平和组成特征,并探讨了2个岛屿之间微塑料和卤代阻燃剂的差异。结果表明,永兴岛和东岛土壤样品中微塑料的平均丰度分别为 (512±110) items∙kg^-1和 (219±45) items∙kg^-1。2个岛屿土壤中都以小于0.5 mm,纤维状、透明的微塑料为主,其材质主要为PET。永兴岛土壤中多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）、1, 2-二（2, 4, 6-三溴苯氧基）乙烷（BTBPE）、十溴二苯乙烷（DBDPE）和德克隆（DP）的质量分数分别为 (75.4±50.1)、(0.02±0.01)、(4.05±1.80)、(0.10±0.01) ng∙g^-1;东岛土壤中PBDEs、BTBPE、DBDPE和DP的质量分数为 (2.12±0.15)、nd (未检出)、(0.26±0.02)、(0.07±0.01) ng∙g^-1。永兴岛土壤中微塑料丰度、PBDEs、DBDPE和DP质量分数都显著高于东岛土壤,这可能与永兴岛上的人类活动有关。土壤中PBDEs、DBDPE和DP的质量分数之间呈显著正相关,说明这三类卤代阻燃剂可能有相似的来源或环境行为。BDE 209是2个岛屿土壤中最主要的PBDEs单体;2个岛屿土壤中f_anti值都低于工业品,表明两岛土壤选择性地赋存了syn-DP。

关键词: 岛屿, 土壤, 微塑料, 卤代阻燃剂, 分布特征

Abstract:

Yongxing Island and Dongdao Island are important strategic islands in the South China Sea. Studying the distribution of microplastics and halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) in the soils of these islands can help to better understand the current ecological environment status of the soils in the South China Sea islands and provide an important scientific basis for assessing the ecological risk of microplastics and HFRs in soils of the islands. The distribution and compositions of microplastics and HFRs in soil samples from Yongxing and East Islands were studied and the differences of microplastics and HFRs between the two islands were discussed in this paper. The results showed that the average abundance of microplastics in soil samples from Yongxing and East Islands were (512±110) and (219±45) items∙kg^-1, respectively. The microplastics detected in the soil from the two islands were largely smaller than 0.5 mm, fibrous and transparent, and the material was mainly polyethylene terephthalate. The mass concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), 1, 2-bis (2, 4, 6-tribromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE), decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), and dechlorane plus (DP) in Yongxing Island were (75.4±50.1), (0.022±0.014), (4.05±1.80), and (0.098±0.011) ng∙g^-1, respectively. The mass concentrations of PBDEs, BTBPE, DBDPE and DP in East Island were (2.12±0.15), nd (not detected), (0.26±0.016), and (0.070±0.005) ng∙g^-1, respectively. The abundance of microplastics, the concentrations of PBDEs, DBDPE, and DP in Yongxing Island soils were significantly higher than those in East Island soils, probably due to human activities in Yongxing Island. The concentrations of PBDEs, DBDPE, and, DP in soils were significantly correlated with each other, indicating that these three types of halogenated flame retardants may have similar sources or environmental behaviors. BDE 209 was the most dominant PBDEs monomer in the soils from the two islands, and the f_anti values in the soils from the two islands were lower than those of industrial products, indicating that the soils from two islands selectively accumulated syn-DP.

Key words: island, soil, microplastics, halogenated flame retardants, distribution

中图分类号:

谢晨敏, 隆楚月, 黎大宁, 朱春友, 彭先芝, 孙毓鑫, 罗孝俊, 张黎, 麦碧娴. 南海永兴岛和东岛土壤中微塑料和卤代阻燃剂的分布特征[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(5): 1008-1014.

XIE Chenmin, LONG Chuyue, LI Daning, ZHU Chunyou, PENG Xianzhi, SUN Yuxin, LUO Xiaojun, ZHANG Li, MAI Bixian. Distribution of Microplastics and Halogenated Flame Retardants in Soils from Yongxing Island and East Island, South China Sea[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(5): 1008-1014.

图/表 6

参考文献 34

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化合物名称 Compound	永兴岛 Yongxing Island		东岛 East Island
化合物名称 Compound	质量分数范围 Range	均值±标准误差 Mean±SE	质量分数范围 Range	均值±标准误差 Mean±SE
BDE 28	0.03-0.22	0.13±0.02	< IDL-0.07	0.03±0.01
BDE 47	0.06-0.38	0.20±0.04	0.07-0.26	0.15±0.02
BDE 66	0.13-0.54	0.35±0.05	< IDL-0.25	0.11±0.03
BDE 99	0.11-0.37	0.21±0.03	0.02-0.16	0.08±0.02
BDE 100	0.06-0.74	0.31±0.08	< IDL-0.15	0.06±0.02
BDE 153	< IDL-0.39	0.13±0.05	< IDL	< IDL
BDE 154	< IDL	< IDL	< IDL	< IDL
BDE 183	< IDL-0.26	0.05±0.03	< IDL	< IDL
BDE 196	0.13-0.37	0.20±0.03	nd-0.12	0.05±0.02
BDE 197	0.11-0.37	0.19±0.04	0.09-0.11	0.10±0.002
BDE 202	0.09-0.17	0.12±0.01	nd-0.10	0.09±0.01
BDE 203	0.12-0.48	0.22±0.05	nd-0.13	0.09±0.02
BDE 206	0.12-3.91	0.84±0.46	< IDL	< IDL
BDE 207	0.19-4.59	1.14±0.55	< IDL-0.11	0.02±0.01
BDE 208	0.14-2.37	0.62±0.28	0.05-0.10	0.06±0.01
BDE 209	3.13-404	70.7±48.7	1.09-1.70	1.29±0.06
ΣPBDEs	5.36-417	75.4±50.1	1.64-3.02	2.12±0.15
BTBPE	nd-0.09	0.02±0.01	nd	nd
DBDPE	0.71-15.6	4.05±1.80	0.18-0.36	0.26±0.02
syn-DP	0.02-0.06	0.04±0.01	0.02-0.04	0.03±0.001
anti-DP	0.04-0.08	0.06±0.01	0.03-0.07	0.04±0.003
ΣDP	0.06-0.14	0.10±0.01	0.05-0.10	0.07±0.01

化合物名称 Compound	永兴岛 Yongxing Island		东岛 East Island
化合物名称 Compound	质量分数范围 Range	均值±标准误差 Mean±SE	质量分数范围 Range	均值±标准误差 Mean±SE
BDE 28	0.03-0.22	0.13±0.02	< IDL-0.07	0.03±0.01
BDE 47	0.06-0.38	0.20±0.04	0.07-0.26	0.15±0.02
BDE 66	0.13-0.54	0.35±0.05	< IDL-0.25	0.11±0.03
BDE 99	0.11-0.37	0.21±0.03	0.02-0.16	0.08±0.02
BDE 100	0.06-0.74	0.31±0.08	< IDL-0.15	0.06±0.02
BDE 153	< IDL-0.39	0.13±0.05	< IDL	< IDL
BDE 154	< IDL	< IDL	< IDL	< IDL
BDE 183	< IDL-0.26	0.05±0.03	< IDL	< IDL
BDE 196	0.13-0.37	0.20±0.03	nd-0.12	0.05±0.02
BDE 197	0.11-0.37	0.19±0.04	0.09-0.11	0.10±0.002
BDE 202	0.09-0.17	0.12±0.01	nd-0.10	0.09±0.01
BDE 203	0.12-0.48	0.22±0.05	nd-0.13	0.09±0.02
BDE 206	0.12-3.91	0.84±0.46	< IDL	< IDL
BDE 207	0.19-4.59	1.14±0.55	< IDL-0.11	0.02±0.01
BDE 208	0.14-2.37	0.62±0.28	0.05-0.10	0.06±0.01
BDE 209	3.13-404	70.7±48.7	1.09-1.70	1.29±0.06
ΣPBDEs	5.36-417	75.4±50.1	1.64-3.02	2.12±0.15
BTBPE	nd-0.09	0.02±0.01	nd	nd
DBDPE	0.71-15.6	4.05±1.80	0.18-0.36	0.26±0.02
syn-DP	0.02-0.06	0.04±0.01	0.02-0.04	0.03±0.001
anti-DP	0.04-0.08	0.06±0.01	0.03-0.07	0.04±0.003
ΣDP	0.06-0.14	0.10±0.01	0.05-0.10	0.07±0.01

南海永兴岛和东岛土壤中微塑料和卤代阻燃剂的分布特征

Distribution of Microplastics and Halogenated Flame Retardants in Soils from Yongxing Island and East Island, South China Sea

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