蚕沙复合硼调理剂对酸性菜地土壤镉铅的钝化效应

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.09.013

生态环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (9): 1888-1895.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.09.013

蚕沙复合硼调理剂对酸性菜地土壤镉铅的钝化效应

李富荣¹^,²(), 王旭¹^,²^,^*(), 李庆荣³, 吴志超¹^,², 冯起⁴, 文典¹^,², 徐爱平¹^,², 赵沛华¹^,²

1.广东省农业科学院农业质量标准与监测技术研究所,广东广州 510640
2.农业农村部农产品质量安全风险评估实验室（广州）,广东广州 510640
3.广东省农业科学院蚕业与农产品加工研究所,广东广州 510610
4.山东省临沂市沂水县科技创新服务中心,山东临沂 276400

收稿日期:2021-07-09 出版日期:2021-09-18 发布日期:2021-12-08
通讯作者: ^*王旭（1981年生）,女,研究员,主要从事农产品质量安全方面的研究。E-mail: wangxuguangzhou@126.com
作者简介:李富荣（1984年生）,女,副研究员,博士,主要从事农产品产地环境安全控制方面的研究。E-mail: lifr0314@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划食品安全关键技术研发专项(2019YFC1605602);国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(31800432);2021年度广州市基础研究计划基础与应用基础研究项目(202102080370);广东省自然科学基金面上项目(2020A1515010819)

Passivation Effect of Silkworm Excrement Composited Boron Conditioner on Cd and Pb in Acid Vegetable Soil

LI Furong¹^,²(), WANG Xu¹^,²^,^*(), LI Qingrong³, WU Zhichao¹^,², FENG Qi⁴, WEN Dian¹^,², XU Aiping¹^,², ZHAO Peihua¹^,²

1. Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-products, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 501640, China
2. Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-product (Guangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P. R. China, Guangzhou 510640, China
3. The Sericulture and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China
4. Science and Technology Innovation Service Center of Yishui County, Linyi 276400, China

Received:2021-07-09 Online:2021-09-18 Published:2021-12-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对华南地区酸性菜地土壤缺硼特性和重金属污染风险较高的现状,为解决如何保障缺硼土壤上的农产品高品质安全种植和农业废弃物资源的有效利用等问题提供数据支撑。以蚕沙为土壤调理剂,结合外源硼添加进行复合调控,探讨其对铅镉复合污染土壤的土壤理化性质、重金属铅镉有效态含量的影响。结果表明,2%和6%的蚕沙添加量在不同硼处理下都能使土壤pH值显著提高,增加幅度达49.5%;使土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾和有效态硼含量等土壤理化性质也得到明显改善。而不同蚕沙添加量对土壤重金属有效态含量的影响效果与元素类别有关,其中对有效态镉含量的影响效果并不显著;对有效态铅含量的降低效果则十分显著。在铅镉复合污染土壤上进行蚕沙复合硼的处理表现为,在6%蚕沙添加量下,0.5 mg∙kg^-1硼添加处理使土壤有效态镉含量较未添加硼时有所增加,而当硼添加量为2.0 mg∙kg^-1时,土壤有效态镉含量又显著下降;而其他蚕沙添加量处理下,土壤有效态镉含量在复合不同硼处理之间无明显差异。就土壤有效态铅含量而言,两种蚕沙添加量均使其较未加蚕沙时明显下降,降低量达98.9%。对不同因素的交互效应分析可见,“硼+蚕沙”二因素对土壤重金属有效态镉和铅含量存在一定的交互效应,且其影响作用大于单一硼处理,但单一蚕沙处理相对上述两种处理对土壤有效态镉和铅含量的影响更大。该研究结果将为解决农业废弃物资源利用、降低土壤重金属的生物有效性和提升耕地生产力提供科学的参考依据。

关键词: 有机肥, 土壤调理剂, 硼, 土壤污染, 钝化效应, 重金属

Abstract:

Considering the current situation of boron deficiency characteristics of acid soil and high risk of heavy metal pollution in South China, this paper aimed to provide data support for how to ensure the high-quality and safe planting of agricultural products on boron deficient soil and the effective utilization of agricultural waste resources. In this study, silkworm excrement was used as soil conditioner, and combined with exogenous boron addition to carry out compound regulation, so as to explore its effects on the soil physical and chemical properties and the contents of available heavy metal Cd and Pb in the compound polluted soil. The results showed that the addition of 2% and 6% silkworm excrement could significantly increase the soil pH value by 49.5% under different boron treatments. Additionally, the physical and chemical properties of soil such as soil organic matter, alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and available boron were also significantly improved. However, the effect of different silkworm excrement addition on the soil available heavy metal concentrations was related to the types of elements. For the available Cd concentration, it was not affected significantly by the different addition of silkworm excrement fertilizer, while the available Pb concentrations could be remarkably decreased. In the compound polluted soil with 6% silkworm excrement fertilizer, the soil available Cd concentration was increased by the addition of 0.5 mg∙kg^-1 boron comparing with the treatment without boron addition, and then decreased significantly when the boron addition was 2.0 mg∙kg^-1. Under the treatments without or with 2% silkworm excrement addition, there was no significant difference in the soil available Cd concentrations between different boron addition levels. On the other hand, both of the two silkworm excrement additions could significantly reduce the soil available Pb concentrations compared with that without silkworm excrement fertilizer, and the reduction was up to 98.9%. The interaction analysis of different factors showed that the two factors of “boron+silkworm excrement fertilizer” had a certain interaction effect on the soil available Cd and Pb, and its influence was greater than that of single boron treatments, but the single silkworm excrement treatment had a greater influence on the soil available Cd and Pb concentrations than the two above-mentioned treatments. The conclusions obtained in this study would provide a scientific reference for the utilization of agricultural waste resources, reducing the bioavailability of soil heavy metals and improving the productivity of agricultural land.

Key words: organic fertilizer, soil conditioner, boron, soil pollution, passivation effect, heavy metal

中图分类号:

李富荣, 王旭, 李庆荣, 吴志超, 冯起, 文典, 徐爱平, 赵沛华. 蚕沙复合硼调理剂对酸性菜地土壤镉铅的钝化效应[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(9): 1888-1895.

LI Furong, WANG Xu, LI Qingrong, WU Zhichao, FENG Qi, WEN Dian, XU Aiping, ZHAO Peihua. Passivation Effect of Silkworm Excrement Composited Boron Conditioner on Cd and Pb in Acid Vegetable Soil[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2021, 30(9): 1888-1895.

图/表 4

表1 试验所用土壤和蚕沙有机肥的基本理化性质

Table 1 Basic physical and chemical properties of soil and silkworm excrement used in the experiment

试验材料 Materials	土壤 Soil	蚕沙 Silkworm excrement
pH值 pH value	5.62	7.67
w_{(有机质Organic matter)/}%	10.23	39.99
w_{(全氮 Total nitrogen)}/%	0.048	1.97
w_{(碱解氮 Alkali-hydro N)}/(mg∙kg^-1)	21.03	2.9×10³
w_{(有效磷 Available P)}/(mg∙kg^-1)	144.4	5.8×10³
w_{(速效钾 Available K)}/(mg∙kg^-1)	240.2	1.4×10⁴
w_{(全镉 Total Cd)}/(mg∙kg^-1)	0.053	1.01
w_{(全铅 Total Pb)}/(mg∙kg^-1)	143.05	36.32
w_{(有效态镉 Available Cd)}/(mg∙kg^-1)	0.007	0.0012
w_{(有效态铅 Available Pb)}/(mg∙kg^-1)	0.28	0.0036

图1 不同处理对土壤基本理化性质的影响不同处理中大写字母B、C、S分别表示硼、镉和蚕沙添加。如B0C0S0为对照,外源硼、镉、蚕沙添加量均为0;B2C2S2是指外源硼、土壤镉、蚕沙处理分别为B2（2.0 mg∙kg-1）、C2（2.8 mg∙kg-1）、S2（60 g∙kg-1）。不同小写字母表示各处理之间差异显著性（P<0.05）,n=3,下同

Fig. 1 Effect of different treatments on the basic physical and chemical properties of soil In the different treatments, the capital letters B, C and S indicated boron, cadmium and silkworm excrement addition respectively. For example, B0C0S0 was the control which meant the addition of boron, cadmium and silkworm sand were 0; B2C2S2 was the treatment of the addition amounts with B2 (2.0 mg∙kg-1), C2 (2.8 mg∙kg-1) and S2 (60 g∙kg-1), respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different soil depth in the same succession stage at the level of 0.05, n=3, the same as below

图2 不同处理对土壤有效态镉、铅含量的影响

Fig. 2 Effect different treatments on the available Cd and Pb concentrations in soil

表2 不同处理下的多因素方差分析

Table 2 Multivariate analysis of variance for different treatments

处理 Treatment	pH值 pH value	有机质 Organic Matter	碱解氮 Alkali-hydro N	有效磷 Available P	速效钾 Available K	有效态硼 Available B	有效态镉 Available Cd	有效态铅 Available Pb
B	1.08**	5.09	4.09	652.02**	175.46	6.53	0.03**	0.32**
S	54.92**	1350.55**	12229.96**	38301.69**	5354983.33**	1.62**	6.83**	2.75**
Cd	0.03	5.21	9.57	428.52**	3474.38	0.13	4.26**	0.02
B*S	0.66**	9.85	30.96	468.66	494.03	0.12	0.06**	0.62**
B*Cd	0.02	19.9	58.45	509.06	4401.79	0.25	0.04**	0.02
S* Cd	0.17	3.8	22.04	30.97	1060.23	0.13	7.07**	0.04
BSCd	0.17	13.08	181.3	646.82	1712.27	0.2	0.07**	0.03

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蚕沙复合硼调理剂对酸性菜地土壤镉铅的钝化效应

Passivation Effect of Silkworm Excrement Composited Boron Conditioner on Cd and Pb in Acid Vegetable Soil

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