生态环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (6): 1229-1239.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.06.014

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

安徽省近20年地表蒸散和干旱变化特征及其影响因素分析

褚荣浩1(), 李萌2,*(), 谢鹏飞2, 倪锋2, 蒋跃林2, 申双和3   

  1. 1.安徽省公共气象服务中心/安徽省气象局,安徽 合肥 230031
    2.安徽农业大学资源与环境学院,安徽 合肥 230036
    3.南京信息工程大学应用气象学院,江苏 南京 210044
  • 收稿日期:2021-01-10 出版日期:2021-06-18 发布日期:2021-09-10
  • 通讯作者: * 李萌（1988年生）,女,讲师,博士,主要从事农业气象研究。E-mail: mengli@ahau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:褚荣浩（1991年生）,男,工程师,博士,主要从事农业气象研究。E-mail: ronghao_chu@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    安徽省自然科学基金项目(1908085QD171);国家自然科学基金项目(41905100);国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0300905);安徽农业大学青年基金重点项目(2018zd07);安徽农业大学引进与稳定人才资助项目(yj2018-57)

Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Surface Evapotranspiration and Drought in Anhui Province during Recent 20 Years

CHU Ronghao1(), LI Meng2,*(), XIE Pengfei2, NI Feng2, JIANG Yuelin2, SHEN Shuanghe3   

  1. 1. Anhui Public Meteorological Service Center/Anhui Meteorological Bureau, Hefei 230031, China
    2. School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
    3. College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
  • Received:2021-01-10 Online:2021-06-18 Published:2021-09-10

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摘要：

蒸散（ET）在地表水平衡和水文循环过程中起着至关重要的作用。采用2000—2019年第6版MODIS遥感产品数据中的蒸散产品数据（MOD16 ET和PET）、土地覆盖类型数据（MCD12Q1）以及安徽省77个气象站点常规气象观测数据,结合水分亏缺指数（CWSI）、变异系数、Theil-Sen's趋势估算方法以及Mann-Kendall（M-K）检验,探讨了安徽省近20年ET、PET和CWSI时空变化特征及其影响因素。结果表明,安徽省近20年ET总体呈现显著增加趋势（6.98 mm∙a-1）,PET呈不显著增加趋势（3.24 mm∙a-1）,而CWSI呈现显著下降趋势（-0.004 a-1）。空间上,ET介于285—1282 mm,南部高、北部低,变化趋势介于-25.5—50.6 mm∙a-1,总体呈较低和中等波动性变化特征;PET介于1118—1673 mm,西部高、东部低,变化趋势介于-34.4—23.5 mm∙a-1,总体呈较低和低波动性变化特征;CWSI与ET分布特征相反,介于0.17—0.80,总体呈中等和较低波动性变化特征。各土地利用类型对应ET大小依次为：林地>草地>农田>湿地>水体>裸地>城镇,而各土地利用类型对应PET差异较小,且CWSI与ET排序总体相反。水分条件（即降水量和相对湿度的增加）是安徽省近20年ET增加和CWSI下降的主要原因,进而使得干旱化趋势有所缓解,而辐射条件可能是PET增加的主要原因。

关键词: MOD16, 蒸散, 干旱, 影响因素, 安徽省

Abstract:

Evapotranspiration (ET) plays a vital role in surface water balance and water cycle process. This study is to illuminate the spatial and temporal characteristics of ET, PET and CWSI as well as their influencing factors in the past 20 years. Thus, MODIS product datasets (Version 6), including MOD16 ET, PET, land use datasets (MCD12Q1) and conventional meteorological observation datasets of 77 meteorological stations were employed in this study. Combining with the analysis of crop water stress index (CWSI), coefficient of variation (CV), Theil-Sen's slope estimator and Mann-Kendall (M-K) test, the results showed that: In recent 20 years, the ET in Anhui province generally showed a significant upward trend (6.98 mm∙a-1), PET showed an insignificant upward trend (3.24 mm∙a-1), and CWSI showed a significant downward trend (-0.004 a-1). Spatially, ET ranged between 285 mm and 1282 mm, with high values in the south and low values in the north. The ET trend ranged between -25.5 mm∙a-1 and 50.6 mm∙a-1, exhibited a generally low and moderate fluctuation characteristics. The PET ranged from 1118 mm to 1673 mm, with high values in the west and low values in the east, and its variation trends ranged from -34.4 mm∙a-1 to 23.5 mm∙a-1, showed a relatively low and lower fluctuation characteristics. Contrary to ET distribution, CWSI ranged from 0.17 to 0.80, and showed the moderate and low volatility generally. In addition, the corresponding ET of each land use type decreased in the following order: forests>grasslands>croplands>wetlands>water bodies>barren>urban/build-up lands, while the corresponding difference in PET was small, and that of CWSI was opposite with that of ET. The water condition (namely the increased precipitation and relative humidity) was responsible for the increasing ET and the decreasing CWSI in Anhui province during the past 20 years, which further alleviated the drought trend. However, the radiation condition could be responsible for the increase in PET.

Key words: MOD16, evapotranspiration, drought, influencing factor, Anhui province

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