减量灌水配施生物炭对麦田土壤团聚体及其碳氮分布的影响

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2026.06.005

生态环境学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (6): 875-884.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2026.06.005

减量灌水配施生物炭对麦田土壤团聚体及其碳氮分布的影响

李琴(), 郑强^*(), 杨卫君^**(), 张力月, 王梓, 赵立宁

新疆农业大学农学院，新疆乌鲁木齐 830052

收稿日期:2025-10-20 修回日期:2026-03-20 接受日期:2026-03-24 出版日期:2026-06-18 发布日期:2026-06-08
通讯作者: ** 杨卫君，E-mail: 1984_ywj@163.com
作者简介:李琴（2002年生），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为作物栽培。E-mail: l200347_q@163.com
^*共同第一作者：郑强（2004年生），男，研究方向为作物栽培。E-mail: zhengqiang041202@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32260326);新疆现代农业（小麦）产业体系项目(XJARS-01-202623);国家级大学生创新训练项目(202410758030)

Effects of Reduced Irrigation with Biochar Amendment on Soil Aggregates and Their Carbon-Nitrogen Distribution in Wheat Fields

LI Qin(), ZHENG Qiang^*(), YANG Weijun^**(), ZHANG Liyue, WANG Zi, ZHAO Lining

School of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, P. R. China

Received:2025-10-20 Revised:2026-03-20 Accepted:2026-03-24 Online:2026-06-18 Published:2026-06-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探究减量灌水配施生物炭对北疆灌区麦田土壤团聚体稳定性及其碳氮分布的影响，为灌区农田土壤改良和节水灌溉提供理论依据。采用随机区组设计，设4个生物炭用量（B0：0 t·hm⁻²；B1：10 t·hm⁻²；B2：20 t·hm⁻²；B3：30 t·hm⁻²）和2个灌水量（W0：4.50×10³ m³·hm⁻²常规灌溉；W1：4.05×10³ m³·hm⁻²减量灌水），共8个处理，分析不同处理下不同土层（0－20 cm，20－40 cm）土壤团聚体及其碳氮含量变化。结果表明：各处理下土壤团聚体主要以0.25－2 mm团聚体为主，其中减量灌水配施生物炭20 t·hm⁻²时各土层土壤0.25－2 mm团聚体占比最高（B2W1），分别为46.4%（0－20 cm土层）和46.2%（20－40 cm）；施用生物炭20 t·hm⁻²显著提升了0－20 cm土层土壤团聚体平均质量直径、几何质量直径和>0.25 mm大团聚体含量（p<0.01），较不施生物炭处理分别增加8.66%、11.7%和2.91%；>2 mm粒级土壤团聚体的碳氮比。各粒级团聚体的有机碳和全氮含量均随生物炭施用量增加而显著增加，且减量灌水条件下的有机碳和全氮含量均高于常规灌溉。综上，减量灌水配施生物炭能够有效促进土壤大团聚体的形成并提高其稳定性，同时通过调控土壤碳氮水平进一步提升土壤肥力，当生物炭施用20 t·hm⁻²时具有最佳的改良效果。该研究可为北疆灌区农田合理施用生物炭以及节水灌溉提供理论依据和数据支撑。

关键词: 生物炭, 减量灌水, 土壤团聚体, 稳定性, 碳氮分布

Abstract:

This study investigates the effects of reduced irrigation combined with biochar application on the stability of soil aggregates and the distribution of carbon and nitrogen within them in wheat fields of the Northern Xinjiang irrigation area, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for farmland soil improvement and water-saving irrigation in the region. A randomized block design was employed, featuring four biochar application rates (B0: 0 t·hm⁻²; B1: 10 t·hm⁻²; B2: 20 t·hm⁻²; B3: 30 t·hm⁻²) and two irrigation levels (W0: 4.50×10³ m³·hm⁻², conventional irrigation; W1: 4.05×10³ m³·hm⁻², reduced irrigation), resulting in a total of eight treatments. The study analyzed the changes in soil aggregates and their carbon and nitrogen contents across different soil layers (0-20 cm, 20-40 cm) under the various treatments. The results showed that soil aggregates under all treatments were predominantly in the 0.25-2 mm size class. The highest proportion of 0.25-2 mm aggregates in both soil layers was observed under the combination of reduced irrigation and 20 t·hm⁻² biochar application (B2W1), accounting for 46.4% in the 0-20 cm layer and 46.2% in the 20-40 cm layer. The application of 20 t·hm⁻² biochar significantly increased (p<0.01) the mean weight diameter, geometric mean diameter, and the content of >0.25 mm macro-aggregates in the 0-20 cm soil layer, with increases of 8.66%, 11.7%, and 2.91%, respectively, compared to the treatment without biochar. Furthermore, biochar application significantly increased the organic carbon and total nitrogen contents in all aggregate size classes, with higher contents observed under reduced irrigation compared to conventional irrigation. The carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of soil aggregates >2 mm was also affected. In conclusion, reduced irrigation combined with biochar application can effectively promote the formation of soil macro-aggregates and enhance their stability, while simultaneously improving soil fertility by regulating soil carbon and nitrogen levels. The optimal improvement effect was observed with the application of 20 t·hm⁻² of biochar. This study provides a theoretical basis and data support for the rational application of biochar and the implementation of water-saving irrigation in farmland within the Northern Xinjiang irrigation area.

Key words: biochar, reduce irrigation, soil aggregates, stability, carbon and nitrogen distribution

中图分类号:

S153
X144

李琴, 郑强, 杨卫君, 张力月, 王梓, 赵立宁. 减量灌水配施生物炭对麦田土壤团聚体及其碳氮分布的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2026, 35(6): 875-884.

LI Qin, ZHENG Qiang, YANG Weijun, ZHANG Liyue, WANG Zi, ZHAO Lining. Effects of Reduced Irrigation with Biochar Amendment on Soil Aggregates and Their Carbon-Nitrogen Distribution in Wheat Fields[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2026, 35(6): 875-884.

图/表 9

表1 不同处理下土壤团聚体质量分数

Table 1 Percentage content of soil aggregates under different treatments

土层/ cm	处理	不同粒级的土壤团聚体质量分数/%
土层/ cm	处理	>2 mm		0.25－2 mm		0.053－0.25 mm	<0.053 mm
0－20	B0W0	26.03±4.94b		47.81±4.21a		22.38±2.33a	3.32±0.30ab
	B1W0	25.03±3.38b		45.83±4.31ab		25.61±2.00a	3.53±0.47ab
	B2W0	29.68±4.32ab		46.31±1.66ab		20.22±4.07a	3.79±1.40ab
	B3W0	24.12±5.60b		47.33±1.75a		23.06±3.99a	5.49±0.05ab
	B0W1	25.81±4.30b		43.38±3.28ab		26.15±2.66a	4.66±1.03ab
	B1W1	25.22±4.82b		44.12±0.98ab		25.63±4.41a	5.03±1.27ab
	B2W1	23.38±1.53b		46.38±1.54ab		24.37±1.79a	5.87±0.81a
	B3W1	23.33±2.04b		45.77±3.98ab		25.01±3.71a	5.89±0.82a
20－40	B0W0	32.52±2.71ab		39.38±8.40b		24.89±10.58a	3.21±0.52b
	B1W0	26.41±7.45ab		48.26±1.12a		21.72±5.29a	3.61±1.80ab
	B2W0	35.05±4.28a		41.99±1.11ab		19.26±3.94a	3.69±0.73ab
	B3W0	29.78±2.36ab		44.91±2.33ab		21.49±0.82a	3.82±0.72ab
	B0W1	25.15±6.71b		44.63±1.40ab		25.78±6.31a	4.44±1.21ab
	B1W1	24.41±2.58b		43.47±2.61ab		27.12±3.31a	5.00±1.57ab
	B2W1	24.19±3.20b		46.21±0.99ab		24.88±2.08a	4.72±1.60ab
	B3W1	29.37±5.04ab		44.65±1.12ab		22.36±5.65a	3.61±0.81ab
B			*		ns	*	*
W			ns		ns	ns	ns
B×W			ns		ns	ns	ns

图1 不同处理下土壤团聚体稳定性指标

Figure 1 Stability index of soil aggregates under different treatments

表2 团聚体稳定性与团聚体粒级的逐步回归方程

Table 2 Stepwise regression equations for aggregate stability and aggregate particle size

土层/cm	回归方程	r²
0－20	MMD=0.027X₁−0.007X₂−0.017X₃−0.02X₄+1.987	0.983^**
	GMD=0.019X₁+0.002X₂−0.014X₃−0.02X₄+0.729	0.978^**
	R_d_>0.25=0.004X₁+0.004X₂−0.005X₃−0.005X₄+0.568	0.990^**
20－40	MMD=0.018X₁−0.016X₂−0.023X₃−0.047X₄+2.872	0.985^**
	GMD=0.01X₁−0.003X₂−0.018X₃−0.049X₄+1.407	0.968^**
	R_d_>0.25=0.002X₁+0.002X₂−0.007X₃−0.01X₄+0.765	0.978^**

图2 不同处理下土壤有机碳含量及各粒级团聚体有机碳分布 S1、S1分别代表0－20、20－40 cm土层；图中径向刻度尺表示不同处理下土壤团聚体的有机碳含量，单位为g·kg?1；图中不同小写英文字母表示处理之间差异显著（p<0.05）。下同

Figure 2 Soil organic carbon content and organic carbon distribution of aggregates of particle size under different treatments

图3 不同处理下各粒级土壤团聚体有机碳贡献率图中百分数表示不同粒级土壤团聚体有机碳贡献率占比；S1、S2代表0－20、20－40 cm土层且图中由内向外依次为B0W0、B1W0、B2W0、B3W0、B0W1、B1W1、B2W1、B3W1处理。下同

Figure 3 Contribution rate of organic carbon of soil aggregates of different particle sizes under different treatments

图4 不同处理下土壤全氮含量及各粒级团聚体全氮分布

Figure 4 Soil total nitrogen content and total nitrogen distribution of aggregates of particle size under different treatments

图5 不同处理下各粒级土壤团聚体全氮贡献率

Figure 5 Contribution rate of total nitrogen of soil aggregates of each particle size under different treatments

图6 0－20 cm土层不同处理下各粒级团聚体碳氮比

Figure 6 Carbon-nitrogen ratio of aggregates of particle size under different treatments in 0?20 cm soil layer

图7 20－40 cm土层不同处理下各粒级团聚体碳氮比

Figure 7 Carbon-nitrogen ratio of aggregates of particle size under different treatments in 20?40 cm soil layer

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减量灌水配施生物炭对麦田土壤团聚体及其碳氮分布的影响

Effects of Reduced Irrigation with Biochar Amendment on Soil Aggregates and Their Carbon-Nitrogen Distribution in Wheat Fields

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