带状改造对柳杉人工林土壤水稳性团聚体组成及稳定性的影响

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2026.02.006

生态环境学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (2): 223-231.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2026.02.006

带状改造对柳杉人工林土壤水稳性团聚体组成及稳定性的影响

李彦霖¹^,²(), 徐红伟¹^,², 徐琳¹^,², 骆紫藤¹^,², 袁亚玲¹^,², 谭波¹^,²^,^*()

1.四川农业大学/长江上游森林生态与保育四川省重点实验室，四川成都 611130
2.四川峨眉山森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站，四川乐山 614200

收稿日期:2025-05-20 修回日期:2025-08-29 接受日期:2025-09-30 出版日期:2026-02-18 发布日期:2026-02-09
通讯作者: 谭波
作者简介:李彦霖（1997年生），女，硕士研究生。研究方向为水土保持与荒漠化防治。E-mail: 1371670692@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32301663);国家自然科学基金项目(42307571);四川省自然科学基金项目(2024NSFSC0354);中国博士后科学基金项目(2023M742511);中国博士后科学基金项目(2022M722297)

Effects of Strip Clearcutting on the Composition and Stability of Soil Water-stable Aggregates in Cryptomeria fortunei Plantations

LI Yanlin¹^,²(), XU Hongwei¹^,², XU Lin¹^,², LUO Ziteng¹^,², YUAN Yaling¹^,², TAN Bo¹^,²^,^*()

1. Forest Ecology and Conservation in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province/Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
2. Sichuan Mt. Emei Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Leshan 614200, P. R. China

Received:2025-05-20 Revised:2025-08-29 Accepted:2025-09-30 Online:2026-02-18 Published:2026-02-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

柳杉（Cryptomeria fortunei）是中国人工造林的重要树种，但大面积的单一树种栽植，引起土壤质量和生产力下降、物种多样性减少等诸多问题。带状采伐改造是人工林可持续经营和提质增效的有效措施之一，但关于不同采伐宽度改造对人工林土壤团聚体稳定性影响的认识还有待深入。以华西雨屏区柳杉人工林为研究对象，设置10 m（L10）、20 m（L20）和30 m（L30）不同宽度带状采伐改造处理，对照未改造（CK）柳杉人工林，采集0－10、10－20、20－30和30－40 cm土层样品，研究带状改造对华西雨屏区柳杉人工林土壤水稳性团聚体稳定性的影响。结果表明，1）采伐带宽改造和对照柳杉人工林土壤水稳性团聚体质量分数以>2 mm粒径的大团聚体为主，其含量占团聚体总量的53.3%－78.1%，各粒径团聚体质量分数随粒径减小而呈下降趋势。2）与对照（CK）相比，带状改造显著降低了土壤水稳性大团聚体含量（w_d_>0.25）、平均质量直径（MMD）、几何平均直径（GMD）和分形维数（D）值。3）随着采伐宽度的增加，团聚体稳定性呈先上升后下降的趋势，以20 m采伐带宽最佳；各处理间团聚体稳定性在土层上的变化趋势与采伐宽度一致，且0－10 cm土层土壤团聚体稳定性显著低于10－40 cm。综上所述，20 m采伐带宽对于维持土壤团聚体稳定性具有重要作用，该带状改造宽度适合在华西雨屏区柳杉人工林森林经营管理中应用推广。

关键词: 带状改造, 采伐宽度, 柳杉人工林, 土壤团聚体, 稳定性

Abstract:

Cryptomeria fortunei is an important tree species for artificial afforestation in China, but large-scale pure plantations face ecological issues such as simplified stand structure, low productivity, and degradation of soil fertility. Strip clearcutting transformation is an effective measure for sustainable management and quality improvement in plantation forestry. However, our understanding of how different strip widths affect soil aggregate stability is limited. In this study, Cryptomeria fortunei plantations in the rainy area of western China were used as the research object, and we set up different strip clearcutting widths (10, 20, and 30 m) and non-strip clearcutting treatments in Cryptomeria fortunei plantations. Soil samples from 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, and 30-40 cm soil horizons in each treatment were collected to explore the effects of strip clearcutting on the composition and stability of soil water-stable aggregates. The results showed that the mass fraction of soil water-stable agglomerates in the strip clearcutting width and non-strip clearcutting treatments was dominated by large agglomerates with particle sizes > 2 mm, which accounted for 53.3%-78.1% of the total amount of agglomerates. The mass fraction of agglomerates of various particle sizes decreased with decreasing particle size. Compared to non-strip clearcutting treatments, the strip clearcutting treatments significantly reduced the soil water stability macroaggregate content (w_d_>0.25), mean mass diameter (MMD), geometric mean diameter (GMD), and fractal dimension (D). As the strip clearcutting width increased, the stability of the aggregates first increased and then decreased, with a 20 m clearcutting width being optimal. Moreover, the trend in aggregate stability across the soil layers was consistent with the change in strip clearcutting width, and the aggregate stability of the 0-10 cm soil layer was lower than that of the 10-40 cm layer. In conclusion, a 20 m strip clearcutting width is crucial for maintaining soil aggregate stability. This optimal bandwidth is recommended for application and extension in Cryptomeria fortunei plantation management in the rainy areas of western China.

Key words: strip clearcutting transformation, strip clearcutting width, Cryptomeria fortunei Plantation, soil aggregate, stability

中图分类号:

S714
X171.1

李彦霖, 徐红伟, 徐琳, 骆紫藤, 袁亚玲, 谭波. 带状改造对柳杉人工林土壤水稳性团聚体组成及稳定性的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2026, 35(2): 223-231.

LI Yanlin, XU Hongwei, XU Lin, LUO Ziteng, YUAN Yaling, TAN Bo. Effects of Strip Clearcutting on the Composition and Stability of Soil Water-stable Aggregates in Cryptomeria fortunei Plantations[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2026, 35(2): 223-231.

图/表 6

图1 柳杉人工林样地采伐示意图

Figure 1 Schematic diagram of sample plots

表1 带状采伐宽度和土层深度及其交互作用对土壤理化性质和土壤团聚体稳定性指标的双因素方差分析

Table 1 Two-way ANOVA of strip clearcutting bandwidth and soil depth and their interactions on soil physicochemical characteristics and soil aggregate stability

指标	带状采伐宽度		土层深度		带状采伐宽度×土层深度
指标	F	p	F	p	F	p
有机碳（SOC）	29.985	<0.001	217.29	<0.001	6.367	<0.001
全氮（TN）	35.026	<0.001	89.313	<0.001	3.546	0.001
全磷（TP）	14.659	<0.001	76.626	<0.001	2.382	0.016
容重（BD）	13.336	<0.001	8.49	<0.001	1.445	0.176
平均质量直径（MMD）	16.104	<0.001	12.536	<0.001	4.351	<0.001
几何平均直径（GMD）	16.722	<0.001	11.007	<0.001	3.121	0.002
大团聚体（w_d_>0.25）	22.961	<0.001	12.675	<0.001	1.25	0.271
分形维数（D）	20.353	<0.001	4.639	<0.004	1.313	0.236

图2 带状采伐宽度下土壤理化性质的差异不同大写字母表示相同土层不同采伐宽度间差异显著（p<0.05），不同小写字母表示相同采伐宽度不同土层间差异显著（p<0.05）

Figure 2 Differences in soil physicochemical characteristics under strip clearcutting bandwidth

图3 带状采伐宽度下水稳性团聚体粒径分布的差异不同大写字母表示相同粒径不同采伐宽度间差异显著（p<0.05），不同小写字母表示相同采伐宽度不同粒径间差异显著（p<0.05）

Figure 3 Differences in size distribution of water-stable aggregate under strip clearcutting bandwidth

图4 带状采伐宽度下水稳性大团聚体质量分数的差异不同大写字母表示相同土层不同采伐宽度间差异显著（p<0.05），不同小写字母表示相同采伐宽度不同土层间差异显著（p<0.05）。下同

Figure 4 Differences in mass fraction of water-stable macroaggregate under strip clearcutting bandwidth

图5 带状采伐宽度下水稳性团聚体平均质量直径、几何平均直径、分形维数的差异

Figure 5 Differences in mean weight diameter, geometric mean diameter, and mass fractal dimension of water-stable aggregate under strip clearcutting bandwidth

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带状改造对柳杉人工林土壤水稳性团聚体组成及稳定性的影响

Effects of Strip Clearcutting on the Composition and Stability of Soil Water-stable Aggregates in Cryptomeria fortunei Plantations

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