共和盆地植被总初级生产力对干旱的响应

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2026.04.002

生态环境学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (4): 509-519.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2026.04.002

共和盆地植被总初级生产力对干旱的响应

鲁濠¹^,²(), 曹广超¹^,²^,³^,^*(), 苏万峰¹^,², 赵美亮¹^,², 薛峰¹^,²

¹ 青海师范大学地理科学学院/青海省自然地理与环境过程重点实验室，青海西宁 810001
² 青藏高原地表过程与生态保育教育部重点实验室，青海西宁 810001
³ 青海省人民政府-北京师范大学高原科学与可持续发展研究院，青海西宁 810001

收稿日期:2025-09-04 修回日期:2026-03-07 接受日期:2026-03-10 出版日期:2026-04-18 发布日期:2026-04-14
通讯作者: *E-mail: caoguangchao@qhnu.edu.cn
作者简介:鲁濠（2001年生），男，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为遥感与地理信息系统应用。E-mail: 494960590@qq.com
基金资助:
青海省重大科技专项(2021-SF-A7-1);青海自然地理与环境过程重点实验室(2020-ZJ-Y06)

Response of Vegetation Gross Primary Productivity to Drought in the Gonghe Basin

LU Hao¹^,²(), CAO Guangchao¹^,²^,³^,^*(), SU Wanfeng¹^,², ZHAO Meiliang¹^,², XUE Feng¹^,²

¹ Key Laboratory of Physical Geography and Environmental Processes of Qinghai Province/School of Geographical Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810001, P. R. China
² Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Land Surface Processes and Ecological Conservation, Xining 810001, P. R. China
³ Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Provincial People’s Government-Beijing Normal University, Xining 810001, P. R. China

Received:2025-09-04 Revised:2026-03-07 Accepted:2026-03-10 Online:2026-04-18 Published:2026-04-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

共和盆地位于青藏高原东北部，是“海南州可持续发展议程创新示范区”的核心区域，揭示植被对干旱的响应机制有助于区域生态系统可持续保护与恢复。该研究基于2001－2021年共和盆地总初级生产力（GPP）和标准化降水蒸散指数（SPEI）数据，采用Theil-Sen Median趋势分析、Mann-Kendall检验及Pearson相关分析，探究植被对干旱的响应特征。结果表明，1）共和盆地GPP空间异质性显著，整体呈“边缘高、中部低”的分布格局，2001－2021年GPP总体增长63.45%，东部少量区域呈下降趋势。2）2001－2010年SPEI波动较小，整体偏湿润；2011年后干旱事件增多，SPEI呈下降波动趋势，并于2021年达到最低值。3）多数植被对干旱的滞后响应时间集中在9和11个月，表明干旱后植被恢复具有明显时滞特征。4）低海拔地区植被对干旱的累积效应集中在9和12个月，敏感性相对较低；高海拔地区累积效应为6个月且呈负相关，反映其干旱响应过程受冰雪融水调控。研究结果揭示了干旱胁迫下共和盆地植被响应的时空分异特征，为高原生态脆弱区植被恢复与干旱预警提供依据。

关键词: 干旱, 总初级生产力, 植被响应, 共和盆地

Abstract:

The Gonghe Basin, situated in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, serves as the core area of the Hainan State National Innovation Demonstration Zone for Sustainable Development Agenda, faces significant vegetation growth constraints due to drought, which underscored the necessity of exploring vegetation-drought response mechanisms for regional ecosystem sustainability. Utilizing Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) data from 2001 to 2021, this study systematically investigated vegetation-drought interactions through Theil-Sen Median trend analysis, Mann-Kendall testing, and Pearson correlation analysis. The results revealed distinct spatial heterogeneity in GPP, with higher values observed in marginal zones and lower values in the central basin, alongside a 63.45% overall GPP increase during 2001-2021, except for minor declines in limited eastern margins. SPEI dynamics exhibited moderate fluctuations (annual mean: −0.27 to 0.73) during 2001-2010 under relatively humid conditions, followed by intensified drought events after 2011, with SPEI declining sharply to its lowest value in 2021. Vegetation exhibited prolonged recovery patterns, as dominant drought response lag times clustered at 9 and 11 months. Altitude-dependent cumulative effects were identified: low-elevation vegetation displayed delayed drought impacts at 9- and 12-month intervals, indicating lower sensitivity, while high-elevation areas showed a 6-month cumulative effect with negative correlations, suggesting snowmelt-regulated drought sensitivity. These findings highlighted spatiotemporal differentiation in drought-vegetation interactions and provided critical insights for ecological restoration strategies and early-warning systems in vulnerable plateau ecosystems.

Key words: drought, gross primary productivity (GPP), vegetation response, Gonghe Basin

中图分类号:

Q948
X173

鲁濠, 曹广超, 苏万峰, 赵美亮, 薛峰. 共和盆地植被总初级生产力对干旱的响应[J]. 生态环境学报, 2026, 35(4): 509-519.

LU Hao, CAO Guangchao, SU Wanfeng, ZHAO Meiliang, XUE Feng. Response of Vegetation Gross Primary Productivity to Drought in the Gonghe Basin[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2026, 35(4): 509-519.

图/表 11

图1 共和盆地区位图审图号：GS（2024）0650号，底图边界无修改

Figure 1 The location of Gonghe Basin

图2 2001－2021年共和盆地GPP与SPEI时间变化趋势

Figure 2 Trends of GPP and SPEI in the Gonghe Basin from 2001 to 2021

图3 共和盆地GPP空间多年均值与变化趋势

Figure 3 Gonghe Basin GPP: Multi-year mean and trend

图4 共和盆地植被不同年份覆盖度变化

Figure 4 Interannual changes in vegetation coverage in the Gonghe Basin

图5 共和盆地SPEI空间多年均值及变化趋势

Figure 5 Spatial distribution of multi-year mean SPEI and trend in the Gonghe Basin

图6 共和盆地植被对SPEI的最大滞后及相关系数

Figure 6 Maximum lag months and correlation coefficients between vegetation and SPEI in the Gonghe Basin

图7 共和盆地滞后月数像元数量及不同海拔滞后月数所占像元比例

Figure 7 Pixel proportion distribution of elevation-based lag months in the Gonghe Basin

图8 共和盆地主要地类与SPEI指数的时滞效应百分数表示在对应滞后时间尺度下，不同类型在研究区内的像元数量占总像元数量的比例，从里到外依次是森林、灌木、草地

Figure 8 Time-lag effects between major land types and SPEI index in the Gonghe Basin

图9 共和盆地植被对SPEI的最大累积月份及相关系数

Figure 9 Maximum response lag time and correlation coefficients of vegetation to SPEI in the Gonghe Basin

图10 共和盆地累积月数像元数量及不同海拔累积月数所占像元比例

Figure 10 Pixel proportion distribution of elevation-based lag months in the Gonghe Basin

图11 不同滞后与累积月份下相关系数分布

Figure 11 Distribution of correlation coefficients under different lag months and cumulative months

参考文献 30

[1]	BEER C, REICHSTEIN M, TOMELLERI E, et al., 2010. Terrestrial gross carbon dioxide uptake: Global distribution and covariation with climate[J]. Science, 329(5993): 834-838. DOI PMID
[2]	BRASWELL B H, SCHIMEL D S, LINDER E, MOORE B, 1997. The response of global terrestrial ecosystems to interannual temperature variability[J]. Science, 278(5339): 870-873. DOI URL
[3]	IPCC, 2021. Climate change 2021: The physical science basis: contribution of Working Group I to the sixth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change[R/OL]. (2021-09-09) [2025-11-26]. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/.
[4]	MILICH L, WEISS E, 2000. GAC NDVI interannual coefficient of variation (CoV) images: Ground truth sampling of the Sahel along north-south transects[J]. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 21(2): 235-260. DOI URL
[5]	VICENTE S M, BEGUERIA S, LORENZO J, et al., 2012. Performance of drought indices for ecological, agricultural, and hydrological applications[J]. Earth Interactions, 16(10): 1-27.
[6]	WEI X N, HE W, ZHOU Y L, et al., 2022. Global assessment of lagged and cumulative effects of drought on grassland gross primary production[J]. Ecological Indicators, 136: 108646. DOI URL
[7]	XIA H M, SHA Y T, ZHAO X Y, et al., 2024. HSPEI: A 1-km spatial resolution SPEI dataset across Chinese Mainland from 2001 to 2022[J]. Geoscience Data Journal, 11: 479-494.
[8]	ZHA X J, NIU B, LI M, et al., 2022. Increasing impact of precipitation on alpine-grassland productivity over last two decades on the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Remote Sensing, 14(14): 3430. DOI URL
[9]	ZHANG X, SA C L, HAI Q S, et al., 2023. Quantifying the effects of snow on the beginning of vegetation growth in the Mongolian Plateau[J]. Remote Sensing, 15(5): 1245. DOI URL
[10]	ZHANG Y, XIAO X M, WU X C, et al., 2017. A global moderate resolution dataset of gross primary production of vegetation for 2000-2016[J]. Scientific Data, 4: 170165. DOI URL
[11]	ZHAO J X, XU T R, XIAO J F, et al., 2020. Responses of water use efficiency to drought in Southwest China[J]. Remote Sensing, 12(1): 199. DOI URL
[12]	高娜, 胡光印, 董治宝, 2025. 共和盆地沙地空间分布格局变化特征[J]. 中国沙漠, 45(1): 204-214. DOI
	GAO N, HU G Y, DONG Z B, 2025. Change characteristics of spatial distribution pattern of sandy land in the Gonghe Basin[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 45(1): 204-214.
[13]	韩海辉, 杨太保, 王艺霖, 2009. 近30年青海贵南县土地利用与景观格局变化[J]. 地理科学进展, 28(2): 207-215. DOI
	HAN H H, YANG T B, WANG Y L, 2009. Land use and landscape pattern changes in Guinan County of Qinghai Province in the last 30 years[J]. Progress in Geography, 28(2): 207-215.
[14]	胡梦珺, 白清竹, 许澳康, 等, 2025. 共和盆地茫拉剖面沉积物粒度端元特征与末次盛冰期以来环境演化[J]. 中国沙漠, 45(6): 83-92. DOI
	HU M J, BAI Q Z, XU A K, et al., 2025. Characteristics of grain size end-members and environmental evolution since the Last Glacial Maximum in the Manga section of the Gonghe Basin[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 45(6): 83-92.
[15]	姜萍, 丁文广, 肖静, 等, 2021. 新疆植被NPP及其对气候变化响应的海拔分异[J]. 干旱区地理, 44(3): 849-857. DOI
	JIANG P, DING W G, XIAO J, et al., 2021. Altitudinal differentiation of vegetation NPP and its response to climate change in Xinjiang[J]. Arid Land Geography, 44(3): 849-857. DOI
[16]	李稚, 李玉朋, 李鸿威, 等, 2022. 中亚地区干旱变化及其影响分析[J]. 地球科学进展, 37(1): 37-50. DOI
	LI Z, LI Y P, LI H W, et al., 2022. Analysis of drought change and its impact in Central Asia[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 37(1): 37-50. DOI
[17]	林艺真, 邱炳文, 陈芳鑫, 等, 2022. 干旱胁迫下植物抗逆性大尺度遥感监测方法[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 24(11): 2225-2233. DOI
	LIN Y Z, QIU B W, CHEN F X, et al., 2022. Large-scale remote sensing monitoring method of plant stress resistance under drought stress[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 24(11): 2225-2233.
[18]	陆建涛, 彭建, 李刚勇, 等, 2023. 干旱对中亚草地总初级生产力时滞和累积效应的影响评估[J]. 生态学报, 43(23): 9745-9757.
	LU J T, PENG J, LI G Y, et al., 2023. Assessment of the time-lag and cumulative effects of drought on gross primary productivity of grassland in Central Asia[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 43(23): 9745-9757.
[19]	马曙光, 张进虎, 陈莲, 等, 2023. 共和盆地植物活体沙障对土壤水分及养分的影响[J]. 中国农村水利水电 (11): 100-104. DOI
	MA S G, ZHANG J H, CHEN L, et al., 2023. Effects of living plant sand barriers on soil moisture and nutrients in the Gonghe Basin[J]. China Rural Water and Hydropower (11): 100-104.
[20]	曲芷程, 黄绍普, 刘司博, 等, 2025. 1963-2020年蒙古锡林河流域极端气候及其对水文干旱的影响[J]. 生态学报, 45(11): 5386-5397.
	QU Z C, HUANG S P, LIU S B, et al., 2025. Extreme climate and its impact on hydrological drought in the Xilin River Basin of Inner Mongolia over the past 60 years[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 45(11): 5386-5397.
[21]	屈准, 杨肃昌, 赵鹏, 等, 2024. 青藏高原东北缘大规模光伏电站对高寒沙地植被-土壤的影响研究——以青海共和盆地为例[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 38(12): 92-106.
	QU Z, YANG S C, ZHAO P, et al., 2024. Effects of large-scale photovoltaic power stations on alpine desert vegetation and soil on the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: a case study of the Gonghe Basin in Qinghai[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 38(12): 92-106.
[22]	唐可欣, 郭建斌, 何亮, 等, 2024. 中国旱区GPP时空演变特征及影响因素研究[J]. 干旱区研究, 41(6): 964-973. DOI
	TANG K X, GUO J B, HE L, et al., 2024. Spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of GPP in arid regions of China[J]. Arid Zone Research, 41(6): 964-973.
[23]	乌日娜, 刘步云, 包玉海, 2023. 干旱对中国北方草原总初级生产力影响的时滞和累积效应[J]. 干旱区研究, 40(10): 1644-1660. DOI
	WU R N, LIU B Y, BAO Y H, 2023. Time lag and cumulative effect of drought on gross primary productivity in the grasslands of northern China[J]. Arid Zone Research, 40(10): 1644-1660. DOI
[24]	岳胜如, 王伦澈, 曹茜, 等, 2023. 塔里木河流域植被动态及潜在因素驱动机制[J]. 地球科学, 50(1): 33-45.
	YUE S R, WANG L C, CAO Q, et al., 2023. Vegetation dynamics and driving mechanism of potential factors in the Tarim River Basin[J]. Earth Science, 50(1): 33-45.
[25]	张茜彧, 赵伟, 范建容, 2024. 青藏高原三江源地区草地GPP对干旱响应的时空特征分析[J/OL]. 遥感技术与应用, 1-12 [2026-02-02]. https://link.cnki.net/urlid/62.1099.TP.20240927.1642.004.
	ZHANG X Y, ZHAO W, FAN J R, 2024. Analysis of spatiotemporal characteristics of grassland GPP response to drought in the Three-River-Source Region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J/OL]. Remote Sensing Technology and Application: 1-12 [2026-02-02]. https://link.cnki.net/urlid/62.1099.TP.20240927.1642.004.
[26]	周温存, 刘正佳, 王坤, 等, 2023. 北方农牧交错区干旱特征变化及其对植被总初级生产力的影响[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 25(2): 421-437. DOI
	ZHOU W C, LIU Z J, WANG K, et al., 2023. Drought characteristics and its impact on vegetation gross primary productivity in the farming-pastoral ecotone of northern China[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 25(2): 421-437.
[27]	朱军涛, 2022. 青藏高原2001-2020 NDVI数据集[EB/OL]. 国家青藏高原科学数据中心, (2022-06-04) [2025-11-26]. https://data.tpdc.ac.cn/zh-hans/data/0adedc6a-c0af-40fc-9362-6e3246cb9347.
	ZHU J T, 2022. Dataset of NDVI over Tibetan Plateau from 2001 to 2020 [EB/OL]. National Tibetan Plateau/Third Pole Environment Data Center, (2022-06-04) [2025-11-26]. https://data.tpdc.ac.cn/zh-hans/data/0adedc6a-c0af-40fc-9362-6e3246cb9347.
[28]	朱玉英, 张华敏, 丁明军, 等, 2023. 青藏高原植被绿度变化及其对干湿变化的响应[J]. 植物生态学报, 47(1): 51-64. DOI
	ZHU Y Y, ZHANG H M, DING M J, et al., 2023. Vegetation greenness change and its response to dry-wet variation on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 47(1): 51-64. DOI URL
[29]	庄稼成, 2024. 三江源气象水文干旱时空演变特征与归因研究[D]. 南京: 南京信息工程大学.
	ZHUANG J C, 2024. Spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and attribution of meteorological and hydrological drought in the Three-River-Source Region[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology.
[30]	邹慧, 高光耀, 傅伯杰, 2016. 干旱半干旱草地生态系统与土壤水分关系研究进展[J]. 生态学报, 36(11): 3127-3136.
	ZOU H, GAO G Y, FU B J, 2016. Research advances on the relationship between grassland ecosystem and soil moisture in arid and semi-arid regions[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 36(11): 3127-3136.

共和盆地植被总初级生产力对干旱的响应

Response of Vegetation Gross Primary Productivity to Drought in the Gonghe Basin

RichHTML

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 11

参考文献 30

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	程文杰, 倪用鑫, 吕锡芝, 马力, 张秋芬, 王建伟, 张恒硕, 邓文彦. 黄河源区植被总生产力对气候干旱的响应[J]. 生态环境学报, 2026, 35(3): 393-402.
[2]	卜灵心, 秦梦婷, 冯克鹏, 来全. 气候变化背景下干旱半干旱区草原生态系统的生态脆弱性评价[J]. 生态环境学报, 2025, 34(12): 1827-1840.
[3]	杨佳伟, 辜忠春, 胡琦, 戴薛, 王晓荣, 兰竹, 何玲, 刘学全. 干旱胁迫对5种不同根型树种幼苗干物质分配和根系形态的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2025, 34(10): 1547-1557.
[4]	孙明, 陈燕丽, 谢敏, 莫伟华, 潘良浩. 广西典型沙生红树林总初级生产力变化特征及其对气象因子的响应[J]. 生态环境学报, 2024, 33(5): 665-678.
[5]	卫玺玺, 晁鑫艳, 郑景明, 唐可欣, 万龙, 周金星. 贺兰山东、西侧典型植物群落物种多样性差异及其影响因子[J]. 生态环境学报, 2024, 33(4): 520-530.
[6]	陈燕, 杨慧, 宁静, 朱德根, 吴夏, 黄芬, 马洋, 陈伟, Mitja Prelovšek, Nataša Ravbar. 重度干旱条件下典型岩溶区植被恢复过程中植物水分利用来源和效率研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2024, 33(10): 1534-1543.
[7]	王传扬, 张小玲, 兰琳惠, 潘婕. 2022年夏季高温干旱对四川盆地污染物浓度变化的影响分析[J]. 生态环境学报, 2024, 33(1): 80-91.
[8]	胡启瑞, 吉春容, 李迎春, 王雪姣, 杨明凤, 郭燕云. 膜下滴灌棉花蕾期干旱胁迫对光合特性及产量的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(6): 1045-1052.
[9]	葛元凯, 赵龙龙, 陈劲松, 任彦霓, 李洪忠. 1983-2020年西南地区气象干旱时空演变趋势及干旱事件识别[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(5): 920-932.
[10]	肖成志, 计扬, 李建忠, 张志, 巴仁基, 曹亚廷. 岷江上游生态脆弱性时空分异及驱动因子交互效应分析——以杂谷脑河流域为例[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(10): 1760-1770.
[11]	韩翠, 康扬眉, 余海龙, 李冰, 黄菊莹. 荒漠草原凋落物分解过程中降水量对土壤酶活性的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(9): 1802-1812.
[12]	陈乐, 卫伟. 西北旱区典型流域土地利用与生境质量的时空演变特征[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(9): 1909-1918.
[13]	马辉英, 李昕竹, 马鑫钰, 贡璐. 新疆天山北麓中段不同植被类型下土壤有机碳组分特征及其影响因素[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(6): 1124-1131.
[14]	雷俊, 张健, 赵福年, 齐月, 张秀云, 李强, 尚军林. 春小麦开花期光合参数对土壤水分和温度变化的响应[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(6): 1151-1159.
[15]	刘江, 朱丽杰, 张开, 王晓明, 王立为, 高西宁. 不同生育期干旱胁迫/复水对大豆光合特性及产量的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(2): 286-296.