基于改进遥感生态指数的宁夏生态环境质量时空变化

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.01.014

生态环境学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (1): 131-143.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.01.014

基于改进遥感生态指数的宁夏生态环境质量时空变化

冯自贤¹(), 佘璐¹^,^*(), 王秀慧², 杨璐¹, 杨晨¹

1.宁夏大学地理科学与规划学院，宁夏银川 750021
2.宁夏回族自治区自然资源信息中心，宁夏银川 750002

收稿日期:2023-07-27 出版日期:2024-01-18 发布日期:2024-03-19
通讯作者: *佘璐。E-mail: shelu_whu@nxu.edu.cn
作者简介:冯自贤（2000年生），男，硕士，主要从事生态环境评价与沙尘遥感监测。E-mail: 12022130980@stu.nxu.edu.cn
基金资助:
宁夏自然科学基金项目(2022AAC03122)

Spatial and Temporal Variations of Ecological Environment Quality in Ningxia Based on Improved Remote Sensing Ecological Index

FENG Zixian¹(), SHE Lu¹^,^*(), WANGXiuhui ², YANG Lu¹, YANG Chen¹

1. School of Geography and Planning, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, P. R. China
2. Natural Resources Information Center of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750002, P. R. China

Received:2023-07-27 Online:2024-01-18 Published:2024-03-19

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在遥感生态指数（Remote Sensing Ecological Index，RSEI）的基础上引入PM₁₀作为大气环境质量指标，提出了改进的遥感生态指数（Improved remote sensing ecological index，IRSEI），并基于IRSEI分析了宁夏2000-2020年的生态环境质量时空分布格局与演变，以及宁夏生态环境质量的变化趋势，此外还深入讨论了不同的指标归一化方式对IRSEI结果的影响。结果表明，1）2000-2020年，宁夏生态环境质量呈现“先上升，后下降，又上升”的趋势，21年间IRSEI从0.329上升至0.426，总体上升了约29.48%；空间分布上，生态环境质量等级为“优”和“良”的地区主要分布在宁夏北部、南部以及黄河流域沿岸，生态环境质量等级为“差”和“较差”的区域主要分布在宁夏中部。2）宁夏生态环境质量改善面积远大于退化面积，21年间改善面积占比达到54.42%，且极强改善区域集中在宁夏南部，中部以较强改善为主，退化面积占比为14.98%，主要分布在北部城市区域。3）趋势分析结果表明，宁夏生态环境质量呈改善趋势的区域面积占比达到64.02%，显著改善趋势的面积占比为29.18%，但仍有28.81%的区域呈现显著退化和轻微退化趋势，生态环境质量修复与保护应重点关注呈现退化趋势的区域。4）不同的指标归一化方式对IRSEI影响显著，基于各期数据分别进行指标归一化容易高估生态环境质量较差年份的IRSEI，低估生态环境质量较好年份的IRSEI，基于全局极值的指标归一化方式，能更真实客观地反映不同时期的变化和差异。

关键词: 生态环境质量, 改进型遥感生态指数, 时空演变, 主成分分析, 趋势分析

Abstract:

This research presented a refined Remote Sensing Ecological Index (IRSEI) by incorporating PM₁₀ as an indicator of air quality, based on the existing Remote Sensing Ecological Index (RSEI). This study assessed spatial and temporal changes in eco-environmental quality in Ningxia from 2000 to 2020 using the proposed IRSEI. Furthermore, this study examined the influence of different index normalization methods on the IRSEI. The findings indicate that from 2000 to 2020, eco-environmental quality in Ningxia showed a trend of “rising first, then falling, and then rising”, with an overall increase of 29.48% in the IRSEI from 0.329 to 0.426 over the 21 year period. Areas with “excellent” and “good” eco-environmental quality grades were primarily found in the northern and southern parts of Ningxia and along the Yellow River basin, while the areas with “worse” and “bad” eco-environmental quality grades were located in central Ningxia. During the past 21 years, 54.42% of Ningxia has experienced an improvement in eco-environmental quality. Extremely strong improvement was found in the central part of southern Ningxia, moderate improvement in central Ningxia, and degraded areas accounting for 14.98%, mainly distributed in the northern urban area. The results of the trend analysis showed that the areas of ecological environment quality that showed an improvement trend accounted for 64.02%, of which the area with a significant improvement trend accounted for 29.18%. However, 28.81% of the study area showed a significant and slight degradation trend. The restoration and protection of ecological environment quality should focus on areas showing a degradation trend. Additionally, the normalization method for indicators based on data from each period tended to overestimate IRSEI in years with poor ecological environment quality and underestimate IRSEI in years with good ecological environment quality. Therefore, global extreme values for the normalization method of indicators are suggested to reflect spatiotemporal variations in eco-environmental quality in Ningxia.

Key words: eco-environmental quality, improved remote sensing ecological index, temporal and spatial evolution, principal component analysis, trend analysis

中图分类号:

冯自贤, 佘璐, 王秀慧, 杨璐, 杨晨. 基于改进遥感生态指数的宁夏生态环境质量时空变化[J]. 生态环境学报, 2024, 33(1): 131-143.

FENG Zixian, SHE Lu, WANGXiuhui , YANG Lu, YANG Chen. Spatial and Temporal Variations of Ecological Environment Quality in Ningxia Based on Improved Remote Sensing Ecological Index[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2024, 33(1): 131-143.

图/表 12

参考文献 42

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年份	绿度 NDVI	湿度 WET	热度 LST	干度 NDBSI	大气环境质量 PM₁₀/ (μg∙m⁻³)	改进遥感生态指数 IRSEI
2000	0.255	−0.295	34.454	0.089	112.517	0.329
2005	0.274	−0.283	33.468	0.084	107.566	0.333
2010	0.335	−0.233	27.964	0.039	115.813	0.405
2015	0.328	−0.258	34.235	0.060	101.697	0.362
2020	0.418	−0.229	28.312	0.020	72.554	0.426
2000－2020变化百分比/%	63.92	22.37	−17.83	−77.53	−35.52	29.48

年份	绿度 NDVI	湿度 WET	热度 LST	干度 NDBSI	大气环境质量 PM₁₀/ (μg∙m⁻³)	改进遥感生态指数 IRSEI
2000	0.255	−0.295	34.454	0.089	112.517	0.329
2005	0.274	−0.283	33.468	0.084	107.566	0.333
2010	0.335	−0.233	27.964	0.039	115.813	0.405
2015	0.328	−0.258	34.235	0.060	101.697	0.362
2020	0.418	−0.229	28.312	0.020	72.554	0.426
2000－2020变化百分比/%	63.92	22.37	−17.83	−77.53	−35.52	29.48

生态环境质量等级	2000		2005		2010		2015		2020
生态环境质量等级	面积/10³ km²	比例/%	面积/10³ km²	比例/%	面积/10³ km²	比例/%	面积/10³ km²	比例/%	面积/10³ km²	比例/%
[0, 0.2)差	23.49	35.92	27.78	42.48	13.08	20.0	22.94	35.07	16.85	25.77
[0.2, 0.4)较差	20.64	31.56	15.26	23.33	22.26	34.04	18.11	27.69	16.96	25.93
[0.4, 0.6)中等	13.06	19.97	11.46	17.52	15.45	23.62	11.17	17.08	12.15	18.58
[0.6, 0.8)良	4.69	7.17	6.41	9.8	11.53	17.63	8.28	12.66	13.41	20.51
[0.8, 1.0]优	3.52	5.38	4.49	6.87	3.08	4.71	4.90	7.49	6.03	9.22
合计	65.4	100.0	65.4	100.0	65.4	100.0	65.4	100.0	65.4	100.0

生态环境质量等级	2000		2005		2010		2015		2020
生态环境质量等级	面积/10³ km²	比例/%	面积/10³ km²	比例/%	面积/10³ km²	比例/%	面积/10³ km²	比例/%	面积/10³ km²	比例/%
[0, 0.2)差	23.49	35.92	27.78	42.48	13.08	20.0	22.94	35.07	16.85	25.77
[0.2, 0.4)较差	20.64	31.56	15.26	23.33	22.26	34.04	18.11	27.69	16.96	25.93
[0.4, 0.6)中等	13.06	19.97	11.46	17.52	15.45	23.62	11.17	17.08	12.15	18.58
[0.6, 0.8)良	4.69	7.17	6.41	9.8	11.53	17.63	8.28	12.66	13.41	20.51
[0.8, 1.0]优	3.52	5.38	4.49	6.87	3.08	4.71	4.90	7.49	6.03	9.22
合计	65.4	100.0	65.4	100.0	65.4	100.0	65.4	100.0	65.4	100.0

时段	面积	退化			基本不变	改善
时段	面积	极强退化	较强退化	轻微退化	基本不变	轻微改善	较强改善	极强改善
2000‒2005年	类面积/10³ km²	1.25	4.11	12.9	27.35	14.88	3.78	1.13
	类比例/%	1.91	6.29	19.73	41.82	22.76	5.77	1.73
	比例/%	27.92			41.82	30.26
2005‒2010年	类面积/10³ km²	0.32	1.6	7.92	19.56	19.85	11.14	5.0
	类比例/%	0.49	2.45	12.11	29.91	30.36	17.04	7.65
	比例/%	15.05			29.91	55.04
2010‒2015年	类面积/10³ km²	2.9	8.88	19.39	21.25	9.67	2.65	0.65
	类比例/%	4.44	13.58	29.65	32.5	14.78	4.06	1.0
	比例/%	47.67			32.5	19.83
2015‒2020年	类面积/10³ km²	0.5	1.82	8.53	22.47	16.91	9.8	5.36
	类比例/%	0.77	2.79	13.04	34.36	25.86	14.99	8.2
	比例/%	16.59			34.36	49.05
2000‒2020年	类面积/10³ km²	0.76	1.59	7.45	20.01	14.67	10.19	10.74
	类比例/%	1.17	2.43	11.38	30.6	22.42	15.58	16.42
	比例/%	14.98			30.6	54.42

基于改进遥感生态指数的宁夏生态环境质量时空变化

Spatial and Temporal Variations of Ecological Environment Quality in Ningxia Based on Improved Remote Sensing Ecological Index

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β_IRSEI	Z值	IRSEI变化	面积占比/%
≥0.0005	≥1.96	明显改善	29.18
≥0.0005	−1.96‒1.96	轻微改善	34.84
−0.0005‒0.0005	−1.96‒1.96	稳定不变	7.18
≤−0.0005	−1.96‒1.96	轻微退化	21.3
≤−0.0005	≤−1.96	严重退化	7.51

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