正构烷烃示源的阜新细河河道石油烃类污染特征及其影响因素分析

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.03.017

生态环境学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (3): 599-608.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.03.017

正构烷烃示源的阜新细河河道石油烃类污染特征及其影响因素分析

杨奇丽(), 窦韦丽, 刘之文, 郭景, 吕刚

辽宁工程技术大学环境科学与工程学院，辽宁阜新 123000

收稿日期:2022-12-24 出版日期:2023-03-18 发布日期:2023-06-02
作者简介:杨奇丽（1982年出生），男，讲师，博士，主要研究方向为环境地球化学和环境变化。E-mail: yangqili@lntu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(41501217);国家重点研发项目(2019YFC1803801);辽宁省“兴辽英才计划”项目(XLYC2007046);辽宁工程技术大学双一流学科创新团队建设项目(LNTU20TD-24)

Analysis of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Pollution Characteristics and Influencing Factors Based on N-alkanes Tracing in the River Channel of Fuxin Xihe River

YANG Qili(), DOU Weili, LIU Zhiwen, GUO Jing, LÜ Gang

College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123000, P. R. China

Received:2022-12-24 Online:2023-03-18 Published:2023-06-02

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究典型北方城市阜新主河（细河）河底沉积物和水中正构烷烃的含量和组成特征及相关关系，并对北方城市河道系统石油烃类污染的来源示踪和环境影响效应进行分析。选取细河阜新段分布的12个河底沉积物样点和13个水体样点环境样品的正构烷烃浓度、组成特征和物源指示性指标（主峰碳数、碳优势指数I_CP、短链/长链正构烷烃丰度比值R_L/H等）进行石油烃类污染物的示源分析，采用模型构建的方法进行了水体和沉积物正构烷烃浓度和I_CP转换关系的建立，并讨论了二者结果对应性差异产生的主要原因。结果表明，（1）正构烷烃特征分布显示，细河河道正构烷烃组成主要分为两种类型：单峰型和双峰型，以双峰型为主。低碳数主要以nC₁₅、nC₁₇、nC₁₉为主碳峰或次主峰，高碳数主要以nC₂₉、nC₃₁为主碳峰或次主峰。（2）沉积物和水体I_CP和R_L/H分析显示，细河阜新段河流中正构烷烃主要来源于石油和不完全燃烧的化石燃料以及陆源高等植物的混合输入。对比pH值，发现除异常点HD-8、ST-2和ST-3外，其余点位均为沉积物pH值大于水体pH值且为弱碱性，表明河流底泥污染较水体严重。（3）河流水体总正构烷烃质量浓度范围为39.5-8.13×10³ ng·L^-1，沉积物总正构烷烃质量浓度范围为1.38-21.5 μg·g^-1。（4）河底沉积物-水I_CP转换表明，长期人类活动对河流沉积物中正构烷烃影响较大，突发性外源输入对水体正构烷烃影响较大。（5）河流正构烷烃浓度转换分析显示，采样期间除ST-1和ST-8水体采样点外，其余水体样点处没有突发性直接石油烃类污染排放。该研究结果可以为北方城市同类城市河道污染示源和石油烃类治理污染提供参考。

关键词: 正构烷烃, 沉积物, 水体, 转换关系, 碳优势指数（I_CP）, 示源

Abstract:

The content and composition characteristics of n-alkanes in the bottom sediments and water of the main river (Xihe) in a typical northern city of Fuxin were studied, and the source tracing and environmental impact of petroleum hydrocarbon pollution in the river system in a northern city were analyzed. The concentration and composition of n-alkanes and source indicators (main peak carbon, carbon preference index (I_CP), short-chain/long-chain n-alkanes abundance ratios (R_L/H), etc.) of environmental samples from 12 river bottom sediment samples and 13 water samples in Fuxin Section of the Xihe River were selected for source analysis of petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants. The conversion relationship between n-alkanes concentration and I_CPin water and sediment was established by modeling method, and the main reasons for the difference in correspondence between the two results were discussed. The results show that, (1) The distribution of n-alkanes shows that the n-alkanes in the Xihe river channel can be divided into two types: unimodal shape and bimodal shape, with the bimodal shape predominating. nC₁₅, nC₁₇ and nC₁₉ were the main carbon peaks or secondary main peaks in the low carbon number, while nC₂₉ and nC₃₁ were the main carbon peaks or Secondary main peaks in the high carbon number. (2) The I_CPand R_L/H analysis of sediments and water showed that the n-alkanes in the Fuxin Section of the Xihe River were mainly derived from the mixed input of petroleum, incompletely burned fossil fuels, and land-derived higher plants. Compared with the pH value, the sediment pH value was higher than the water pH value and the other points were weak alkaline except for the abnormal points HD-8, ST-2 and ST-3. These results indicate that sediment pollution is more serious than water. (3) The total n-alkanes concentration in river water ranged from 39.5 to 8.13×10³ ng·L^-1, and that in sediments ranged from 1.38 to 21.5 μg·g^-1. (4) The I_CP transformation from river bottom sediments to water showed that n-alkanes in river sediments were greatly affected by long-term human activities, and n-alkanes in water were greatly affected by sudden exogenous inputs. (5) The conversion analysis of n-alkanes concentration showed that there were no sudden direct hydrocarbon pollution emissions in water samples except ST-1 and ST-8 during the sampling period. The results of this study could provide reference for identifying the source of urban river pollution and controlling petroleum hydrocarbon pollution in similar cities in northern China.

Key words: n-alkanes, riverbed sediment, water body, conversion relation, carbon preference index (I_CP), source trace

中图分类号:

X142

杨奇丽, 窦韦丽, 刘之文, 郭景, 吕刚. 正构烷烃示源的阜新细河河道石油烃类污染特征及其影响因素分析[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(3): 599-608.

YANG Qili, DOU Weili, LIU Zhiwen, GUO Jing, LÜ Gang. Analysis of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Pollution Characteristics and Influencing Factors Based on N-alkanes Tracing in the River Channel of Fuxin Xihe River[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(3): 599-608.

图/表 8

参考文献 45

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样点	pH	附近环境	样点	pH	附近环境
HD-1	7.75	有施工，河底有腐烂落叶和植物根茎	ST-1	7.29	水质发黑有恶臭，周围有树木
HD-2	8.12	河底有苔藓类植物	ST-2	8.14	桥下取样，车流量大
HD-3	8.18	桥下取样，水中有生活垃圾和油渍	ST-3	7.95	杂草多，周围树多，水流量不大
HD-4	7.59	截流坝取样，周边有生活垃圾，水中有植物残体	ST-4	7.38	桥附近取样，人流量大
HD-5	7.67	水中有荷花残叶，人流量大	ST-5	7.12	桥附近，远处有电厂，水流量大
HD-6	8.08	有排污管，1 km处有火力发电厂，每天都有排污	ST-6	7.16	公园取样，杂草多，人流量多
HD-7	8.19	截流坝取样，样品有苔绿，水生植物	ST-7	7.19	桥附近取样，周围杂草少
HD-8	7.01	公园取样，周边有生活垃圾，落叶	ST-8	7.17	有水生植物，周围有居民楼
HD-9	8.01	排污口旁边取样，机械工厂旁，恶臭，样品黑色	ST-9	7.13	桥附近取样，水中有植物
HD-10	8.45	两岸有高大树木，水中有植物残体	ST-10	7.34	杂草少，有施工队，水流平缓
HD-11	7.91	学校旁边取样，植被茂盛，远处有杨树林	ST-11	7.14	低桥附近取样，人类活动多
HD-12	7.73	周围有很多杂草	ST-12	7.01	杂草多，水流平缓，附近有选煤厂
			ST-13	7.15	杂草多，水流小

样点	pH	附近环境	样点	pH	附近环境
HD-1	7.75	有施工，河底有腐烂落叶和植物根茎	ST-1	7.29	水质发黑有恶臭，周围有树木
HD-2	8.12	河底有苔藓类植物	ST-2	8.14	桥下取样，车流量大
HD-3	8.18	桥下取样，水中有生活垃圾和油渍	ST-3	7.95	杂草多，周围树多，水流量不大
HD-4	7.59	截流坝取样，周边有生活垃圾，水中有植物残体	ST-4	7.38	桥附近取样，人流量大
HD-5	7.67	水中有荷花残叶，人流量大	ST-5	7.12	桥附近，远处有电厂，水流量大
HD-6	8.08	有排污管，1 km处有火力发电厂，每天都有排污	ST-6	7.16	公园取样，杂草多，人流量多
HD-7	8.19	截流坝取样，样品有苔绿，水生植物	ST-7	7.19	桥附近取样，周围杂草少
HD-8	7.01	公园取样，周边有生活垃圾，落叶	ST-8	7.17	有水生植物，周围有居民楼
HD-9	8.01	排污口旁边取样，机械工厂旁，恶臭，样品黑色	ST-9	7.13	桥附近取样，水中有植物
HD-10	8.45	两岸有高大树木，水中有植物残体	ST-10	7.34	杂草少，有施工队，水流平缓
HD-11	7.91	学校旁边取样，植被茂盛，远处有杨树林	ST-11	7.14	低桥附近取样，人类活动多
HD-12	7.73	周围有很多杂草	ST-12	7.01	杂草多，水流平缓，附近有选煤厂
			ST-13	7.15	杂草多，水流小

样点	实际水体中质量浓度/(ng·L^-1)	模拟沉积物中质量浓度/(μg·g^-1)	模拟水体中质量浓度/(ng·L^-1)
ST-1	815.3	2.31	454.5
ST-2	201.5	21.5	2.05×10³
ST-3	39.5	1.09	353.5
ST-4	399.4	2.11	437.9
ST-5	232.0	2.80	495.3
ST-6	114.9	1.97	426.4
ST-7	127.4	4.80	660.7
ST-8	8.13×10³	5.48	717.4
ST-9	114.7	2.28	452.0

样点	实际水体中质量浓度/(ng·L^-1)	模拟沉积物中质量浓度/(μg·g^-1)	模拟水体中质量浓度/(ng·L^-1)
ST-1	815.3	2.31	454.5
ST-2	201.5	21.5	2.05×10³
ST-3	39.5	1.09	353.5
ST-4	399.4	2.11	437.9
ST-5	232.0	2.80	495.3
ST-6	114.9	1.97	426.4
ST-7	127.4	4.80	660.7
ST-8	8.13×10³	5.48	717.4
ST-9	114.7	2.28	452.0

正构烷烃示源的阜新细河河道石油烃类污染特征及其影响因素分析

Analysis of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Pollution Characteristics and Influencing Factors Based on N-alkanes Tracing in the River Channel of Fuxin Xihe River

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样点	峰型	类型	主碳峰	次主峰	样点	峰型	类型	主碳峰	次主峰
HD-1	双峰型	Ⅱ	nC₂₀	nC₃₁	ST-1	双峰型	Ⅲ	nC₂₉	nC₁₅
HD-2	双峰型	Ⅱ	nC₂₀	nC₃₁	ST-2	双峰型	Ⅳ	nC₃₁	nC₁₅
HD-3	双峰型	Ⅰ	nC₁₉	nC₃₂	ST-3	双峰型	Ⅳ	nC₂₉	nC₁₇
HD-4	双峰型	Ⅳ	nC₃₁	nC₁₉	ST-4	单峰型	Ⅳ	nC₂₉
HD-5	双峰型	Ⅴ	nC₁₉	nC₃₁	ST-5	单峰型	Ⅳ	nC₂₉	nC₁₅
HD-6	双峰型	Ⅰ	nC₁₇	nC₂₉	ST-6	双峰型	Ⅴ	nC₁₅	nC₂₆
HD-7	双峰型	Ⅰ	nC₂₉	nC₁₇	ST-7	双峰型	Ⅴ	nC₁₇	nC₂₆
HD-8	双峰型	Ⅰ	nC₁₇	nC₂₇	ST-8	单峰型	Ⅱ	nC₂₀
HD-9	单峰型	Ⅱ	nC₂₀		ST-9	双峰型	Ⅳ	nC₂₇	nC₁₇
HD-10	双峰型	Ⅰ	nC₃₂	nC₁₇	ST-10	双峰型	Ⅳ	nC₃₁	nC₁₅
HD-11	单峰型	Ⅱ	nC₂₀		ST-11	双峰型	Ⅲ	nC₁₅	nC₂₅
HD-12	双峰型	Ⅳ	nC₁₇	nC₂₉	ST-12	单峰型	Ⅲ	nC₁₅
					ST-13	双峰型	Ⅳ	nC₁₅	nC₂₉

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