大兴安岭南段某矿区河流表层沉积物重金属污染及风险评价

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.11.013

生态环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (11): 2223-2231.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.11.013

大兴安岭南段某矿区河流表层沉积物重金属污染及风险评价

余楚¹(), 李剑锋¹, 吕敦玉¹^,²^,^*()

1.中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所,河北石家庄 050061
2.中国地质调查局第四纪年代学与水文环境演变重点实验室,河北正定 050803

收稿日期:2021-03-30 出版日期:2021-11-18 发布日期:2021-12-29
通讯作者: * 吕敦玉（1984年生）,男,副研究员,博士,研究方向为城市化进程中的地质环境效应研究。E-mail: lvdunyu@foxmail.com
作者简介:余楚（1989年生）,女,助理研究员,硕士,研究方向为地下水环境保护研究。E-mail: yuchu_1112@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41602273);中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20211309)

Heavy Metal Pollution and Risk Assessment in River Surface Sediments of Mining Area in the South of the Da Hinggan Mountains

YU Chu¹(), LI Jianfeng¹, LV Dunyu¹^,²^,^*()

1. Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, China
2. Key Laboratory of Quaternary Chronology and Hydro-Environmental Evolution, China Geological Survey, Zhengding 050803, China

Received:2021-03-30 Online:2021-11-18 Published:2021-12-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

大兴安岭南段长期矿产开发对该地区河流生态环境造成了巨大压力,评估河流沉积物中重金属的污染状况及潜在生态风险对该地区河流生态环境保护具有重要意义。以大兴安岭南段某铅锌矿区为研究区,在流经矿区河流的上、中、下段沿流向采集了6组表层沉积物样品,测试了其中19种金属与主量元素的含量,通过相关性和聚类分析确定了受主要影响的重金属元素,利用土壤环境质量标准和沉积物质量基准对重金属的含量特征进行了评估,并进一步采用地质累积指数（I_geo）和潜在生态风险指数（I_peri）对重金属的污染程度和潜在生态风险进行了评价。结果表明,（1）研究矿区河流沉积物中As、Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn、CaO与MnO含量两两之间呈显著正相关,Pearon相关系数均大于0.85,Ward系统聚类分析属于一类,指示这些元素在沉积物中很可能具有相似的来源。7种元素在沉积物中的含量均大于其背景值,且变异系数较大（>60%）,表明其含量受矿山开发活动影响显著。（2）沉积物各采样点的Cu含量均低于土壤污染风险筛选值（RSV）和临界效应浓度（TEL）。河流上、下段沉积物的As、Cd、Pb、Zn含量均低于RSV,中段的含量均高于RSV,其中As、Pb、Zn含量高于可能效应浓度（PEL）。（3）沉积物重金属的I_geo从小到大依次为Cu<As<Zn<Pb<Cd,Cd的I_geo为4.29,属重度污染等级。重金属的潜在生态风险因子（E_r）从小到大依次为Cu<Zn<As<Pb<Cd,Cd的E_r为2633.69,属极高风险等级,占I_peri的81.21%—91.65%,表明Cd是沉积物的主要污染和风险来源。（4）河流中段沉积物重金属元素属偏中度-严重污染等级,其I_peri高达5619.87,属极高风险等级,污染程度和生态风险都明显高于上、下河段,表明河流中段受矿山开发活动的影响最为显著。

关键词: 重金属, 表层沉积物, 铅锌矿区, 大兴安岭南段, 污染评价, 生态风险评价

Abstract:

Long-term mineral exploitation in the south of the Da Hinggan Mountains has adversely affected the riverine ecological environment. Heavy metal pollution and risk assessment of river surface sediments are therefore crucial to protecting riverine ecosystem health in this area. Here, we studied a lead-zinc deposit in the southern section of the mountain range. Six groups of surface sediment samples were collected in the upper, middle, and lower sections of the river that flows through the mine, and analyzed for contents of 19 metals and major elements. The mainly affected heavy metals were identified by correlation and cluster analysis. Soil environmental quality standards and sediment quality criteria were used to evaluate heavy metal contents. The geo-accumulation index (I_geo) and potential ecological risk index (I_peri) were used to assess the pollution degree and potential ecological risk. We found (1) significant positive correlations between the contents of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, CaO, and MnO, with Pearson correlation coefficients greater than 0.85. These elements and compounds belonged to the same category in a Ward's systematic cluster analysis, indicating that they likely had similar origins. The contents of these seven elements in sediments were greater than background values. Further, their coefficients of variation were large (>60%), indicating that As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, CaO, and MnO contents were significantly affected by mining activities. (2) The Cu content was below the risk screening value (RSV) and threshold effect level (TEL) at all sediment sampling points. The As, Cd, Pb, and Zn contents in the upper and lower river sections were also below the RSV. However, As, Cd, Pb, and Zn contents in the middle section of the river were higher than the RSV, and As, Pb, and Zn contents were higher than the probable effect level (PEL). (3) The sequence of the I_geo of heavy metals in the surface sediments was Cu<As<Zn<Pb<Cd. The I_geo of Cd was 4.29, indicating strong pollution. The sequence of the ecological risk factor (E_r) was Cu<Zn<As<Pb<Cd. The E_r of Cd was 2633.69, indicating a very high risk. Cd accounted for 81.21%-91.65 % of the I_peri, suggesting that Cd was the main source of pollution and risk to the sediments. (4) The heavy metal pollution level of sediments in the middle section of the river was moderate to serious, and the I_peri was up to 5619.87, indicating a very high risk. The pollution level and ecological risk in the middle section were significantly higher than those in the upper and lower sections, indicating that this river section was most affected by mining activities.

Key words: heavy metal, surface sediments, lead-zinc deposit, south of the Da Hinggan Mountains, pollution assessment, ecological risk assessment

中图分类号:

X131
X820.4

余楚, 李剑锋, 吕敦玉. 大兴安岭南段某矿区河流表层沉积物重金属污染及风险评价[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(11): 2223-2231.

YU Chu, LI Jianfeng, LV Dunyu. Heavy Metal Pollution and Risk Assessment in River Surface Sediments of Mining Area in the South of the Da Hinggan Mountains[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2021, 30(11): 2223-2231.

图/表 12

参考文献 23

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污染程度 Pollution status	I_geo	级别 Classification
无污染 Unpolluted	≤0	0
轻度污染 Unpolluted to moderate polluted	0‒1	1
偏中度污染 Moderate polluted	1‒2	2
中度污染 Moderate to strongly polluted	2‒3	3
偏重度污染 Strongly polluted	3‒4	4
重度污染 Strongly to extremely polluted	4‒5	5
严重污染 Extremely polluted	>5	6

污染程度 Pollution status	I_geo	级别 Classification
无污染 Unpolluted	≤0	0
轻度污染 Unpolluted to moderate polluted	0‒1	1
偏中度污染 Moderate polluted	1‒2	2
中度污染 Moderate to strongly polluted	2‒3	3
偏重度污染 Strongly polluted	3‒4	4
重度污染 Strongly to extremely polluted	4‒5	5
严重污染 Extremely polluted	>5	6

多种重金属 All factors		单一重金属 Single regulator
I_peri	分级 Ranking	$E_r^i$	分级 Ranking
≤150	低风险 Low risk	≤40	低风险 Low risk
(150, 300]	中等风险 Medium risk	(40, 80]	中等风险 Medium risk
(300, 600]	较高风险 Considerable risk	(80, 160]	较高风险 Considerable risk
>600	极高风险 Very high risk	(160, 320]	高风险 High risk
—	—	>320	极高风险 Very high risk

多种重金属 All factors		单一重金属 Single regulator
I_peri	分级 Ranking	$E_r^i$	分级 Ranking
≤150	低风险 Low risk	≤40	低风险 Low risk
(150, 300]	中等风险 Medium risk	(40, 80]	中等风险 Medium risk
(300, 600]	较高风险 Considerable risk	(80, 160]	较高风险 Considerable risk
>600	极高风险 Very high risk	(160, 320]	高风险 High risk
—	—	>320	极高风险 Very high risk

元素 Elements	As	Cd	Cu	Pb	Zn	CaO	MnO	TFe₂O₃	MgO	P₂O₅	TiO₂	Cr	Co	Ni	V	Na₂O	K₂O	SiO₂	Al₂O₃
As	1.000
Cd	0.862*	1.000
Cu	0.898*	0.946**	1.000
Pb	0.905*	0.990**	0.978**	1.000
Zn	0.854*	0.999**	0.952**	0.991**	1.000
CaO	0.858*	0.858*	0.977**	0.916*	0.870*	1.000
MnO	0.987**	0.927**	0.933**	0.956**	0.920**	0.880*	1.000
TFe₂O₃	0.975**	0.872*	0.839*	0.888*	0.857*	0.754	0.971**	1.000
MgO	0.806	0.849*	0.952**	0.888*	0.860*	0.947**	0.821*	0.727	1.000
P₂O₅	0.894*	0.802	0.709	0.795	0.780	0.588	0.893*	0.965**	0.578	1.000
TiO₂	-0.167	-0.116	-0.194	-0.175	-0.122	-0.290	-0.209	-0.064	0.015	-0.007	1.000
Cr	0.783	0.690	0.657	0.686	0.676	0.548	0.746	0.838*	0.696	0.836*	0.464	1.000
Co	0.802	0.761	0.699	0.749	0.749	0.591	0.788	0.861*	0.694	0.813*	0.398	0.934**	1.000
Ni	0.669	0.517	0.529	0.525	0.504	0.447	0.601	0.706	0.631	0.688	0.598	0.966**	0.885*	1.000
V	0.115	-0.013	0.018	-0.019	-0.020	-0.032	0.024	0.156	0.246	0.165	0.902*	0.652	0.531	0.808	1.000
Na₂O	-0.894*	-0.773	-0.897*	-0.832*	-0.774	-0.894*	-0.863*	-0.819*	-0.933**	-0.711	0.000	-0.793	-0.714	-0.744	-0.328	1.000
K₂O	-0.881*	-0.859*	-0.943**	-0.898*	-0.863*	-0.916*	-0.879*	-0.824*	-0.972**	-0.719	-0.034	-0.801	-0.748	-0.725	-0.298	0.981**	1.000
SiO₂	-0.899*	-0.860*	-0.978**	-0.920**	-0.868*	-0.994**	-0.908*	-0.803	-0.952**	-0.650	0.246	-0.620	-0.640	-0.525	-0.037	0.934**	0.944**	1.000
Al₂O₃	-0.811	-0.799	-0.937**	-0.866*	-0.811	-0.979**	-0.834*	-0.689	-0.892*	-0.535	0.432	-0.435	-0.440	-0.322	0.159	0.861*	0.871*	0.969**	1.000

大兴安岭南段某矿区河流表层沉积物重金属污染及风险评价

Heavy Metal Pollution and Risk Assessment in River Surface Sediments of Mining Area in the South of the Da Hinggan Mountains

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分析项目 Items	取值范围 Ranges	平均值 Mean	标准差 Std. Dev	变异系数 CV/%
pH	6.67‒8.52	7.51	0.72	10
As	7.06‒67.40	35.17	26.92	77
Cd	0.26‒17.06	6.06	6.98	115
Cu	12.41‒53.19	32.25	19.21	60
Pb	36.63‒2294.25	906.50	983.42	108
Zn	107.51‒3877.78	1432.90	1589.87	111
Cr	22.29‒51.75	38.71	9.71	25
Co	5.50‒11.46	8.48	2.01	24
Ni	9.54‒18.11	15.20	3.02	20
V	32.72‒52.91	45.49	7.29	16
SiO₂	54.59‒72.30	63.45	8.09	13
Al₂O₃	10.25‒13.01	11.71	1.14	10
CaO	0.94‒13.10	6.29	5.45	87
TFe₂O₃	2.44‒7.50	4.46	2.03	45
Na₂O	1.57‒2.82	2.07	0.50	24
K₂O	2.03‒3.71	2.69	0.69	26
MgO	0.47‒1.49	1.02	0.38	37
MnO	0.08‒1.24	0.55	0.51	94
P₂O₅	0.08‒0.16	0.11	0.03	29
TiO₂	0.39‒0.55	0.47	0.06	13

元素 Elements	RSV		TEL	PEL
元素 Elements	6.5<pH≤7.5	pH>7.5	TEL	PEL
As	30	25	11	48
Cd	0.3	0.6	2.58	19.6
Cu	100	100	56.20	141.00
Pb	120	170	47.30	200.00
Zn	250	300	79.90	461.00

I_geo	C6	C7	C8	C9	C10	C11	平均值 Mean
As	-1.2	2.06	2.01	1.37	-0.02	-0.28	0.66
Cd	1.32	7.37	6.09	6.74	1.84	2.38	4.29
Cu	-1.19	0.91	0.58	0.89	-0.83	-0.74	-0.06
Pb	0.2	6.17	5.33	5.73	1.09	1.18	3.29
Zn	0.1	5.27	4.02	4.74	0.47	0.68	2.55

元素 Elements	As	Cd	Cu	Pb	Zn
平均含量 Mean concentration (C_r)/(μg∙g^-1)	35.17	6.06	32.25	906.50	1432.90
污染系数 Contamination factor (C_f)	3.26	87.79	1.71	42.76	21.42
潜在生态风险因子 Potential ecological risk factor (E_r)	32.56	2633.69	8.53	213.80	21.42

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