无机硅叶面肥及土壤调理剂对水稻铅、镉吸收的影响

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2020.02.021

生态环境学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (2): 388-393.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2020.02.021

无机硅叶面肥及土壤调理剂对水稻铅、镉吸收的影响

张宇鹏¹^,²(), 谭笑潇¹, 陈晓远¹^,²^,^*(), 梁嘉慧¹, 马崇坚¹^,², 郭勇军³, 周坚兵³

1.韶关学院英东生物与农业学院,广东韶关 512005
2.韶关市粤北土壤土地工程技术研究中心,广东韶关 512005
3.佛山市植宝生态科技有限公司,广东佛山 528000

收稿日期:2019-04-07 出版日期:2020-02-18 发布日期:2020-04-01
通讯作者: * 陈晓远（1968年生）,男,教授,博士,研究方向为土壤修复。E-mail: chenxy2@163.com
作者简介:张宇鹏（1989年生）,男,讲师,硕士,研究方向为生态修复与环境模拟。E-mail: zhangyp73@126.com
基金资助:
广东省自然科学基金项目(2018A030307075);广东省科技创新战略专项资金项目(135-99000206);广东省科技创新战略专项资金项目(432-99000228);韶关市科技计划项目(2018sn038);韶关学院校级课题(SY2016KJ04);大学生创新项目(201810576009)

Effects of Inorganic Silicon Foliar Fertilizer and Soil Conditioner on Plumbum and Cadmium Absorption in Rice

ZHANG Yupeng¹^,²(), TAN Xiaoxiao¹, CHEN Xiaoyuan¹^,²^,^*(), LIANG Jiahui¹, MA Chongjian¹^,², GUO Yongjun³, ZHOU Jianbing³

1. Henry Fok College of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005 China
2. Soil and Land Engineering Technology Research Center of North Guangdong, Shaoguan 512005 China
3. Foshan Zhibao Ecological Technology Co. LTD, Foshan 528000 China

Received:2019-04-07 Online:2020-02-18 Published:2020-04-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

喷施叶面阻控剂和施用土壤调理剂是目前污染稻田治理的主要措施,针对不同污染类型、污染程度稻田研发效果较好的叶面阻控剂及土壤调理剂是研究重点。文章通过2019年的田间试验研究无机硅叶面肥及土壤调理剂对中重度铅镉复合污染稻田水稻铅镉阻控效果。共设3个处理：常规施肥处理（CK）、常规施肥+喷施无机硅叶面肥处理（L-Si）、常规施肥+施用无机硅土壤调理剂处理（S-Si）。结果表明：L-Si处理土壤中铅质量分数较对照 (116.00±4.35) mg∙kg^-1高18.97%;S-Si处理较对照 (5.51±0.06) 能够显著提高稻田土壤pH值0.73,土壤中铅和镉分别较对照 (116.00±4.35)、(1.89±0.03) mg∙kg^-1高12.07%和14.81%。L-Si处理下铅在根、叶片、稻米中富集较对照分别减少11.69%、12.40%和38.46%;镉在叶片、稻壳、稻米中较对照显著减少了18.10%、5.84%和40.84%。而S-Si处理中铅在根、茎、叶、稻壳、稻米中富集量较对照显著减少11.69%、36.93%、15.16%、23.47%和51.28%;镉在根、茎、叶、稻壳、稻米中富集量显著降低12.93%、42.28%、61.75%、59.85%和49.21%。L-Si及S-Si处理水稻产量较对照 (7052.27±95.07) kg∙hm^-2分别提高3.24%和4.09%。综上所述,无机硅经叶面吸收后,在减少叶片中铅富集的同时减少了根系对土壤铅的吸收,将经根系吸收的铅富集于茎和稻壳中;而在减少叶片中镉富集的同时并未减少根系对镉吸收,将经根系吸收的镉富集于根和茎中。无机硅土壤调理剂在将土壤中铅和镉固定于土壤中的同时阻隔了水稻根系对铅和镉下吸收,因此水稻根、茎、叶、稻壳、稻米中铅和镉的含量均显著降低。

关键词: 无机硅, 水稻, 铅, 镉

Abstract:

Spraying foliar fertilizer and applying soil conditioner are the main measures to control polluted paddy fields at present. The better effect for paddy fields with different pollution types and pollution levels for the foliar inhibitor and soil conditionerare the research focus. Field experiments were conducted to study the effect of inorganic silicon foliar fertilizer and soil conditioner on moderate and severe lead and cadmium resistance of rice in polluted paddy fields in 2019. Three treatments, conventional fertilization treatment as control (CK), conventional fertilization with spraying inorganic silicon foliar fertilizer treatment (L-Si), conventional fertilization with inorganic silicon soil conditioner treatment (S-Si), were carried out. The results showed that the contents of plumbum in the soil treated with L-Si was higher than that of the control (116.00±4.35) mg∙kg^-1 up to 18.97%. Compared with the control (5.51±0.06), S-Si treatment could increase the pH value of paddy soil by 0.73, plumbum and cadmium in the soil are 12.07% and 14.81% higher than the control (116.00±4.35) mg∙kg^-1, (1.89±0.03) mg∙kg^-1 significantly. The enrichment of plumbum in root, leaves and rice treated with L-Si decreased by 11.69%, 12.40% and 38.46% respectively compared with the control. The contents of cadmium in rice leaves, rice hulls and rice decreased by 18.10%, 5.84% and 40.84% compared with the controlsignificantly. The enrichment of plumbum in root, stem, leaf, rice husk and rice treated with S-Si was significantly reduced by 11.69%, 36.93%, 15.16%, 23.47% and 51.28% compared with the control. Cadmium concentration in roots, stems, leaves, rice hulls and rice decreased by 12.93%, 42.28%, 61.75%, 59.85% and 49.21% respectively. Compared with the control (7052.27±95.07) kg∙km^-2, the rice yield treated with L-Si and S-Si increased about 3.24% and 4.09%. It follows that the accumulation of plumbum in leaves is reduced while lead absorption in soil by roots is reduced, and plumbum absorbed by roots is enriched in stems and rice hulls after inorganic silicon is absorbed by leaves. While the cadmium accumulation in leaves were reduce, and it did not reduce cadmium absorption by root system, and accumulated cadmium absorbed by root system in roots and stems. Moreover, inorganic silicon soil conditioner not only fixes plumbum and cadmium in the soil, but also blocks the absorption of lead and cadmium by rice roots. So the contents of plumbum and cadmium in rice roots, stems, leaves, rice hulls and rice are reduced significantly.

Key words: inorganic silicon, rice, plumbum, cadmium

中图分类号:

张宇鹏, 谭笑潇, 陈晓远, 梁嘉慧, 马崇坚, 郭勇军, 周坚兵. 无机硅叶面肥及土壤调理剂对水稻铅、镉吸收的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2020, 29(2): 388-393.

ZHANG Yupeng, TAN Xiaoxiao, CHEN Xiaoyuan, LIANG Jiahui, MA Chongjian, GUO Yongjun, ZHOU Jianbing. Effects of Inorganic Silicon Foliar Fertilizer and Soil Conditioner on Plumbum and Cadmium Absorption in Rice[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2020, 29(2): 388-393.

图/表 5

图1 不同处理土壤pH n=3;不同小写字母表示不同处理间存在显著差异（P<0.05）,n为每处理样本重复数。下同

Fig. 1 pH in different treatments n=3; Different lowercase letters indicated that there was significant difference among different treatments (P<0.05). “n” means the repetition number of sample in each treatment. The same as below

图2 不同处理土壤铅含量

Fig. 2 Contents of soil Pb in different treatments

图3 不同处理土壤镉含量

Fig. 3 Contents of soil Cd in different treatments

表1 不同处理水稻不同部位重金属含量

Table 1 Contents of heavy metal in different parts of Rice treated with different treatments

重金属 Heavy metal	处理 Treatment	根 Root	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	稻壳 Rice husk	稻米 Rice
ω_(Pb)/ (mg∙kg^-1)	CK	236.67±6.43a	4.36±0.23b	18.87±0.76a	2.94±0.17b	0.39±0.06a
	L-Si	209.00±9.64b	5.33±0.19a	16.53±0.32b	3.36±0.08a	0.24±0.03b
	S-Si	95.65±3.98c	2.75±0.11c	16.01±0.16b	2.25±0.09c	0.19±0.03b
ω_(Cd)/ (mg∙kg^-1)	CK	20.57±0.20b	6.79±0.54b	6.85±0.85a	1.37±0.08a	1.91±0.12a
	L-Si	23.43±1.25a	10.31±0.43a	5.61±0.12b	1.29±0.07a	1.13±0.07b
	S-Si	17.91±0.70c	3.58±0.37c	2.62±0.12c	0.55±0.08b	0.97±0.04b

图4 不同处理水稻产量

Fig. 4 Yield of rice in different treatments

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无机硅叶面肥及土壤调理剂对水稻铅、镉吸收的影响

Effects of Inorganic Silicon Foliar Fertilizer and Soil Conditioner on Plumbum and Cadmium Absorption in Rice

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