Morphological Characteristics and Fractal Dimension of Brassia chinensis Root System under Cadmium and Polyethylene Microplastic Stress

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.01.017

Ecology and Environment ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (1): 158-165.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.01.017

• Research Articles • Previous Articles Next Articles

Morphological Characteristics and Fractal Dimension of Brassia chinensis Root System under Cadmium and Polyethylene Microplastic Stress

CUI Yuanyuan¹(), ZHANG Zhengyun², LIU Peng¹, ZHANG Yunchun¹, ZHANG Qiaoying³^,^*()

1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, P. R. China
2. Tianjin Academy of Eco-environmental Sciences, Tianjin 300191, P. R. China
3. School of Geographical Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, P. R. China

Received:2022-08-18 Online:2023-01-18 Published:2023-04-06
Contact: ZHANG Qiaoying

镉与聚乙烯微塑料胁迫对小白菜根系的形态特征和分形维数的影响

崔远远¹(), 张征云², 刘鹏¹, 张运春¹, 张桥英³^,^*()

1.西华师范大学环境科学与工程学院，四川南充 637009
2.天津市生态环境科学研究院，天津 300191
3.西华师范大学地理科学学院，四川南充 637009

通讯作者: 张桥英
作者简介:崔远远（1997年生），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为植物对环境污染物的响应机制。E-mail: 2978996593@qq.com
基金资助:
科技部第二次青藏高原综合科学考察项目(2019QZKK0304);西华师范大学博士科研启动项目(17E037)

Abstract

Abstract:

Root system is an important organ for plant adaptation to environmental conditions. Fractal dimension is an effective method for rapid and accurate assessment of morphological characteristics of root system, which is especially important for the assessment of water and nutrient uptake by plant roots and analysis of plant growth contribution under stress. To investigate the effects of heavy metal cadmium and polyethylene microplastic on the growth of Brassia chinensis, a pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of two contaminants (cadmium: 0,10, and 20 mg·kg^-1; polyethylene: 0, 18, and 36 g·kg^-1) on the root morphology of B. chinensis. In this experiment, the image analysis of the root analyzer was used to study the root morphology of B. chinensis under cadmium and polyethylene stress for 90 days. Fractal analysis was used to describe the root system of B. chinensis, and the effects of cadmium and polyethylene additions on the fractal dimension of the root system were determined. The results showed that the addition of cadmium and polyethylene would promote the fractal capacity of the root system and increase the fractal dimension of the root system, while different root configurations were formed in B. chinensis under different concentrations of cadmium and polyethylene stress. Under low concentration stress, B. chinensis adapted to the stress environment by increasing the root specific surface area, decreasing the mean root diameter and root volume, and promoting fine root development. Under high concentration stress, B. chinensis adapted to the stress environment by increasing root length, root surface area, specific surface area and specific root length, increasing root tip number, decreasing root mean diameter and promoting fine root development. Cadmium and polyethylene stresses affected the fractal capacity of root systems of B. chinensis, causing the fractal dimension to vary between 1.55 and 1.70. Cadmium concentration had a significant effect on the fractal dimension, while polyethylene concentration had a non-significant effect on it. The basic root morphology was positively correlated with the variation of fractal dimension, and the fractal had a greater effect on root diameter and root volume. This study revealed that plants adapt to soil environment by constructing different root architectures under heavy metal and microplastic stress. This experiment also indirectly proved that microplastics have a certain adsorption effect on heavy metals.

Key words: cadmium, polyethylene, Brassia chinensis, fractal dimension, root morphology, root architecture

摘要：

根系是植物适应环境条件的重要器官，分形维数是快速准确的评估根系形态特征的有效方法，尤其是在胁迫下评估植物根系对水分和养分吸收及植物生长贡献分析具有重要意义。为探讨重金属镉及聚乙烯微塑料对小白菜根系生长的影响，采用盆栽实验，研究了不同添加质量分数下（镉：0、10、20 mg·kg^-1；聚乙烯：0、18、36 g·kg^-1）两种污染物对小白菜根系形态的影响。运用根系分析仪的图像分析系统来研究受镉和聚乙烯胁迫90 d的小白菜的根系形态。采用分形分析的方法对小白菜根系进行描述，并确定镉和聚乙烯的添加对根系的分形维数的影响。结果表明，镉和聚乙烯添加会促进根系的分生能力，增加根系的分形维数，同时在不同浓度的镉和聚乙烯胁迫下，小白菜会形成不同的根系构型。在低浓度胁迫下，小白菜通过增加根系比表面积，减小根平均直径和根体积，促进细根发育来适应胁迫环境。在高浓度胁迫下，小白菜通过增加根长、根表面积、比表面积和比根长，增加根尖数，减小根平均直径，促进细根发育来适应胁迫环境。镉和聚乙烯胁迫影响小白菜根系的分形能力，使得分形维数介于1.55—1.70之间变化。镉浓度对分形维数有显著影响，而聚乙烯对分形维数的影响差异性不显著。基本根系形态与分形维数的变化呈正相关，且分形维数对根直径和根体积的影响更大。该研究揭示了在重金属和微塑料胁迫下，植物会通过构建不同的根系构型来适应土壤环境；实验结果还间接证明了微塑料对重金属有一定的吸附作用。

关键词: 镉, 聚乙烯, 小白菜, 分形维数, 根系形态, 根系构型

CLC Number:

X171.5

CUI Yuanyuan, ZHANG Zhengyun, LIU Peng, ZHANG Yunchun, ZHANG Qiaoying. Morphological Characteristics and Fractal Dimension of Brassia chinensis Root System under Cadmium and Polyethylene Microplastic Stress[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(1): 158-165.

崔远远, 张征云, 刘鹏, 张运春, 张桥英. 镉与聚乙烯微塑料胁迫对小白菜根系的形态特征和分形维数的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(1): 158-165.

Figures/Tables 4

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镉质量分数/ (mg·kg^-1)	聚乙烯质量分数/ (g·kg^-1)	根长 l/mm	根平均直径 d/mm	根表面积A/mm²	根体积V/mm³	根生物量 B/g	根尖数 N	比根长 l_s/(mm·g^-1)	比表面积 A_s/ (mm²·g^-1)	根尖密度R_TD/mm^-1	根组织密度R_TID/ (g·mm^-3)	根细度 R_FN/ (mm·mm^-3)
0	0	470.423± 151.299b	0.923± 0.161a	126.255± 28.945b	2.791± 0.476a	0.380± 0.104a	1016± 272c	1240.921± 292.995b	337.058± 46.026c	2.236± 0.365b	0.135± 0.019b	168.760± 50.095d
	18	484.349± 154.629b	0.833± 0.106b	121.934± 25.110b	2.516± 0.352a	0.333± 0.047b	1130± 372c	1457.507± 445.624b	366.730± 60.795c	2.328± 0.056a	0.132± 0.004b	1457.507± 445.624c
	36	362.895± 72.393c	0.950± 0.114a	105.027± 12.455c	2.469± 0.220a	0.314± 0.026b	722± 96d	1152.090± 188.300b	334.382± 23.023c	2.026± 0.209b	0.127± 0.009b	1152.090± 188.300d
10	0	291.120± 57.192c	0.954± 0.133a	86.570± 12.538c	2.174± 0.535b	0.230± 0.058c	670± 115d	2340.990± 392.969b	390.924± 67.661c	2.321± 0.208a	0.106± 0.014b	1340.990± 392.969d
	18	488.987± 128.297b	0.643± 0.097c	99.345± 34.485c	1.658± 0.750b	0.287± 0.034b	1240± 256b	1692.470± 365.558b	340.011± 93.271c	2.614± 0.382a	0.213± 0.093a	1692.470± 365.558a
	36	452.949± 152.111b	0.794± 0.126b	107.485± 25.632c	2.087± 0.341b	0.257± 0.090c	919± 348c	1804.568± 314.035b	447.948± 85.895b	2.029± 0.254b	0.120± 0.033b	1804.568± 314.035c
20	0	367.651± 126.272c	0.896± 0.148a	97.280± 27.700c	2.092± 0.573b	0.242± 0.062c	844± 335c	1482.841± 319.768b	402.769± 85.024b	2.231± 0.240b	0.120± 0.027b	1482.841± 319.768d
	18	630.235± 162.527b	0.711± 0.079b	134.427± 23.784b	2.309± 0.249a	0.244± 0.039c	1616± 322a	2634.514± 688.160a	561.687± 109.915a	2.618± 0.304a	0.106± 0.014b	2634.514± 688.160b
	36	832.475± 262.402a	0.666± 0.077c	169.235± 38.329a	2.820± 0.466a	0.337± 0.070b	1669± 595a	2518.831± 796.660a	511.231± 111.584a	1.978± 0.109b	0.119± 0.012b	2518.831± 796.660b

镉质量分数/ (mg·kg^-1)	聚乙烯质量分数/ (g·kg^-1)	根长 l/mm	根平均直径 d/mm	根表面积A/mm²	根体积V/mm³	根生物量 B/g	根尖数 N	比根长 l_s/(mm·g^-1)	比表面积 A_s/ (mm²·g^-1)	根尖密度R_TD/mm^-1	根组织密度R_TID/ (g·mm^-3)	根细度 R_FN/ (mm·mm^-3)
0	0	470.423± 151.299b	0.923± 0.161a	126.255± 28.945b	2.791± 0.476a	0.380± 0.104a	1016± 272c	1240.921± 292.995b	337.058± 46.026c	2.236± 0.365b	0.135± 0.019b	168.760± 50.095d
	18	484.349± 154.629b	0.833± 0.106b	121.934± 25.110b	2.516± 0.352a	0.333± 0.047b	1130± 372c	1457.507± 445.624b	366.730± 60.795c	2.328± 0.056a	0.132± 0.004b	1457.507± 445.624c
	36	362.895± 72.393c	0.950± 0.114a	105.027± 12.455c	2.469± 0.220a	0.314± 0.026b	722± 96d	1152.090± 188.300b	334.382± 23.023c	2.026± 0.209b	0.127± 0.009b	1152.090± 188.300d
10	0	291.120± 57.192c	0.954± 0.133a	86.570± 12.538c	2.174± 0.535b	0.230± 0.058c	670± 115d	2340.990± 392.969b	390.924± 67.661c	2.321± 0.208a	0.106± 0.014b	1340.990± 392.969d
	18	488.987± 128.297b	0.643± 0.097c	99.345± 34.485c	1.658± 0.750b	0.287± 0.034b	1240± 256b	1692.470± 365.558b	340.011± 93.271c	2.614± 0.382a	0.213± 0.093a	1692.470± 365.558a
	36	452.949± 152.111b	0.794± 0.126b	107.485± 25.632c	2.087± 0.341b	0.257± 0.090c	919± 348c	1804.568± 314.035b	447.948± 85.895b	2.029± 0.254b	0.120± 0.033b	1804.568± 314.035c
20	0	367.651± 126.272c	0.896± 0.148a	97.280± 27.700c	2.092± 0.573b	0.242± 0.062c	844± 335c	1482.841± 319.768b	402.769± 85.024b	2.231± 0.240b	0.120± 0.027b	1482.841± 319.768d
	18	630.235± 162.527b	0.711± 0.079b	134.427± 23.784b	2.309± 0.249a	0.244± 0.039c	1616± 322a	2634.514± 688.160a	561.687± 109.915a	2.618± 0.304a	0.106± 0.014b	2634.514± 688.160b
	36	832.475± 262.402a	0.666± 0.077c	169.235± 38.329a	2.820± 0.466a	0.337± 0.070b	1669± 595a	2518.831± 796.660a	511.231± 111.584a	1.978± 0.109b	0.119± 0.012b	2518.831± 796.660b

Morphological Characteristics and Fractal Dimension of Brassia chinensis Root System under Cadmium and Polyethylene Microplastic Stress

镉与聚乙烯微塑料胁迫对小白菜根系的形态特征和分形维数的影响

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