Occurrence, Source and Potential Ecological Risk of Parent and Oxygenated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediments of Yangtze River Estuary and Adjacent East China Sea

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.07.012

Ecology and Environment ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (7): 1400-1408.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.07.012

• Research Articles • Previous Articles Next Articles

Occurrence, Source and Potential Ecological Risk of Parent and Oxygenated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediments of Yangtze River Estuary and Adjacent East China Sea

JI Bingjing¹^,²^,³(), LIU Yi⁴, WU Yang¹^,², GAO Shutao¹^,², ZENG Xiangying¹^,²^,^*(), YU Zhiqiang¹^,²

1. State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment and Resources/Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
2. Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
4. Nanjing University & Yancheng Environmental Detecting Technology Co., Ltd, Yangcheng 224000, P. R. China

Received:2022-01-24 Online:2022-07-18 Published:2022-08-31
Contact: ZENG Xiangying

长江口及邻近东海沉积物中多环芳烃和含氧多环芳烃的分布特征、来源及生态风险

吉冰静¹^,²^,³(), 刘艺⁴, 吴杨¹^,², 高淑涛¹^,², 曾祥英¹^,²^,^*(), 于志强¹^,²

1.中国科学院广州地球化学研究所/有机地球化学国家重点实验室/广东省环境与资源重点实验室,广东广州 510640
2.中国科学院深地科学卓越创新中心,广东广州 510640
3.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
4.南大盐城环境检测科技有限公司,江苏盐城 224000

通讯作者: 曾祥英
作者简介:吉冰静（1992年生）,女,博士研究生,主要从事新型有机污染物方面的研究。E-mail: 1531776535@qq.com
基金资助:
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项（B类）(XDB42010203);广东省“珠江人才”计划本土创新科研团队(2017BT01Z134);广东省省级科技计划项目(2020B1212060053)

Abstract

Abstract:

To understand and assess the impact of human activities on sediment quality in estuarine and coastal zones, 87 sediment samples were collected from the Yangtze River Estuary and the adjacent East China Sea. The occurrence and distribution of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 8 oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (O-PAHs) were investigated, and potential ecological risks were assessed based on Sediment Quality Guidelines. The results indicated that 16 PAHs and 7 O-PAHs were detected in the sediments in the studied region. Total concentrations of 15 PAHs (∑₁₅PAHs, with exception of naphthalene due to its high volatility) varied in the range of 5.53-415 ng∙g^-1 with benzo [b] fluoranthene, benzo(a)anthracene, phenanthrene, and pyrene as the predominant PAHs. Simultaneously, total concentrations of O-PAHs (∑₇O-PAHs) ranged from 8.93 ng∙g^-1 to 158 ng∙g^-1 predominated by anthraquinone. PAHs in the study region mainly originated from the combustion of fossil fuel and biomass, and were discharged into the study region via Qiantang River, Yangtze River and its tributaries, after that deposited into sediment under complex impacts from currents. The results also indicated that O-PAHs shared similar emission sources of the parent PAHs. Higher levels of PAHs and O-PAHs were found at sampling sites adjacent to the Yangtze River Estuary and its mud area. Their levels tended to decrease when getting closer to the coastal to East China Sea, or in the interface of Hangzhou Bay and mud area along Zhejiang-Fujian Coastal Current. Risk assessment revealed that low ecological risks were posed by Benzo(a)anthracene and Dibenzo(a, h)anthracene. Overall, the sediment-dwelling organisms in the region are susceptible to low ecological risks.

Key words: PAHs, oxygenated PAH, Sediment, the Yangtze River Estuary, East China Sea, ecological risk

摘要：

为了解和评估人类活动对河口海岸带沉积物质量的影响,在长江口及邻近东海海域采集87个表层沉积物样品,研究了16种优控多环芳烃（polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs）和8种含氧多环芳烃（oxygenated PAH,O-PAHs）的含量与组成及空间分布特征,解析它们的主要输入来源及潜在生态风险。研究发现,沉积物中检出16种PAHs和7种O-PAHs,其中Σ₁₅PAHs（不包括萘）质量分数范围为5.53—415 ng∙g^-1,苯并[b]荧蒽、苯并[a]蒽、菲和芘是主要PAHs;Σ₇O-PAHs质量分数范围为8.93—158 ng∙g^-1,主要成分为蒽醌。基于PAHs诊断参数,研究区域沉积物中PAHs主要来源生物质和化石燃料的燃烧。从空间分布看,PAHs和O-PAHs主要分布在长江入海口、杭州湾入海口以及长江口泥质区和浙江—福建沿岸泥质区沉积物中,并随着向东海延伸,质量分数呈现由西南向东北逐渐下降的趋势。研究结果表明,陆源PAHs和O-PAHs主要经长江及其支流、钱塘江输入研究区域;此后在多重洋流共同作用下,吸附于颗粒物上的PAHs和O-PAHs沉降于泥质区;区域繁忙的船舶运输对沉积物中PAHs和O-PAHs分布有重要贡献。采用沉积物质量标准评估生态风险,结果表明苯并[a]蒽和二苯并[a, h]蒽单体会对底栖生物造成一定的生态风险,其余单体以及ΣPAHs综合生态风险有限。

关键词: 多环芳烃, 含氧多环芳烃, 沉积物, 长江入海口, 东海, 生态风险

CLC Number:

X52
X520.4

JI Bingjing, LIU Yi, WU Yang, GAO Shutao, ZENG Xiangying, YU Zhiqiang. Occurrence, Source and Potential Ecological Risk of Parent and Oxygenated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediments of Yangtze River Estuary and Adjacent East China Sea[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(7): 1400-1408.

吉冰静, 刘艺, 吴杨, 高淑涛, 曾祥英, 于志强. 长江口及邻近东海沉积物中多环芳烃和含氧多环芳烃的分布特征、来源及生态风险[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(7): 1400-1408.

Figures/Tables 5

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化合物 Compound	美国USA		加拿大Canada
化合物 Compound	影响范围低值ERL	影响范围中值ERM	初始效应阈值TEL	可能效应值PEL
苊烯 Acy	44	640	5.87	128
苊 Ace	16	500	6.71	88.9
芴 Fl	19	540	21.2	144
菲 Phe	240	1500	86.7	544
蒽 Ant	85.3	1100	46.9	245
荧蒽 Flu	600	5100	113	1494
低分子量多环芳烃 Σ_LMW-PAHs	552	3160	—	—
芘 Pyr	665	2600	153	1398
苯并[a]蒽 BaA	261	1600	74.8	693
䓛 Chr	384	2800	108	846
苯并[b]荧蒽 BbF	—	—	—	—
苯并[k]荧蒽 BkF	—	—	—	—
苯并[a]芘 BaP	430	1600	88.8	763
茚并[1, 2, 3-cd]芘 InP	—	—	—	—
二苯并[a,h]蒽 DBA	63.4	260	6.22	135
苯并[g, h, i]苝 BgP	85	330	—	—
高分子量多环芳烃 Σ_HMW-PAHs	1700	9600	—	—
多环芳烃 ΣPAHs	4022	44792	—	—

化合物 Compound	美国USA		加拿大Canada
化合物 Compound	影响范围低值ERL	影响范围中值ERM	初始效应阈值TEL	可能效应值PEL
苊烯 Acy	44	640	5.87	128
苊 Ace	16	500	6.71	88.9
芴 Fl	19	540	21.2	144
菲 Phe	240	1500	86.7	544
蒽 Ant	85.3	1100	46.9	245
荧蒽 Flu	600	5100	113	1494
低分子量多环芳烃 Σ_LMW-PAHs	552	3160	—	—
芘 Pyr	665	2600	153	1398
苯并[a]蒽 BaA	261	1600	74.8	693
䓛 Chr	384	2800	108	846
苯并[b]荧蒽 BbF	—	—	—	—
苯并[k]荧蒽 BkF	—	—	—	—
苯并[a]芘 BaP	430	1600	88.8	763
茚并[1, 2, 3-cd]芘 InP	—	—	—	—
二苯并[a,h]蒽 DBA	63.4	260	6.22	135
苯并[g, h, i]苝 BgP	85	330	—	—
高分子量多环芳烃 Σ_HMW-PAHs	1700	9600	—	—
多环芳烃 ΣPAHs	4022	44792	—	—

化合物 Compound		范围 Range	均值 Mean	中值 Median	检出率 DF%
多环芳烃PAHs	苊烯 Acy	0.127-1.38	0.407	0.371	100
	苊Ace	0.188-4.92	0.656	0.496	100
	芴 Fl	0.441-10.0	2.94	2.51	100
	菲 Phe	0.737-29.9	10.2	8.91	100
	蒽 Ant	0.177-9.44	1.87	1.24	100
	荧蒽 Flu	0.875-34.7	9.08	6.93	100
	芘 Pyr	0.894-48.0	10.5	6.92	100
	苯并[a]蒽 BaA	0.246-79.4	11.4	7.55	100
	䓛 Chr	0.169-47.7	7.26	4.28	100
	苯并[b]荧蒽BbF	0.354-73.2	13.1	8.64	100
	苯并[k]荧蒽BkF	0.152-32.1	7.19	5.40	100
	苯并[a]芘BaP	ND-51.7	7.59	3.23	86
	茚并[1, 2, 3-cd]芘 InP	0.255-22.0	6.20	4.09	100
	二苯并[a, h]蒽 DBA	ND-12.9	2.29	1.16	87
	苯并[g, h, i]苝 BgP	0.404-40.4	7.83	3.77	100
	15种多环芳烃 ∑₁₅PAHs	5.53-415	98.5	68.1
含氧多环芳烃 O-PAHs	9-芴酮 9-Fl	0.945-13.6	4.80	4.35	100
	4H-环戊二烯并[d, e, f]-4-酮 PheO	0.146-4.27	1.34	0.875	100
	蒽醌 AQ	6.51-123	29.2	22.9	100
	2-甲基蒽醌 2-MAQ	0.269-11.4	1.41	0.946	100
	苯并[a]芴-11-酮 BaF-11-one	0.171-5.40	1.92	1.47	100
	苯并蒽酮 BezO	ND-1.76	0.164	ND	49
	苯并蒽-7, 12-二酮 BaA-7, 12-D	ND-5.02	1.66	1.22	99
	7种含氧多环芳烃 ∑₇O-PAHs	8.93-158	40.5	33.5
总有机碳含量TOC%		0.072-0.518	0.253	0.232

化合物 Compound		范围 Range	均值 Mean	中值 Median	检出率 DF%
多环芳烃PAHs	苊烯 Acy	0.127-1.38	0.407	0.371	100
	苊Ace	0.188-4.92	0.656	0.496	100
	芴 Fl	0.441-10.0	2.94	2.51	100
	菲 Phe	0.737-29.9	10.2	8.91	100
	蒽 Ant	0.177-9.44	1.87	1.24	100
	荧蒽 Flu	0.875-34.7	9.08	6.93	100
	芘 Pyr	0.894-48.0	10.5	6.92	100
	苯并[a]蒽 BaA	0.246-79.4	11.4	7.55	100
	䓛 Chr	0.169-47.7	7.26	4.28	100
	苯并[b]荧蒽BbF	0.354-73.2	13.1	8.64	100
	苯并[k]荧蒽BkF	0.152-32.1	7.19	5.40	100
	苯并[a]芘BaP	ND-51.7	7.59	3.23	86
	茚并[1, 2, 3-cd]芘 InP	0.255-22.0	6.20	4.09	100
	二苯并[a, h]蒽 DBA	ND-12.9	2.29	1.16	87
	苯并[g, h, i]苝 BgP	0.404-40.4	7.83	3.77	100
	15种多环芳烃 ∑₁₅PAHs	5.53-415	98.5	68.1
含氧多环芳烃 O-PAHs	9-芴酮 9-Fl	0.945-13.6	4.80	4.35	100
	4H-环戊二烯并[d, e, f]-4-酮 PheO	0.146-4.27	1.34	0.875	100
	蒽醌 AQ	6.51-123	29.2	22.9	100
	2-甲基蒽醌 2-MAQ	0.269-11.4	1.41	0.946	100
	苯并[a]芴-11-酮 BaF-11-one	0.171-5.40	1.92	1.47	100
	苯并蒽酮 BezO	ND-1.76	0.164	ND	49
	苯并蒽-7, 12-二酮 BaA-7, 12-D	ND-5.02	1.66	1.22	99
	7种含氧多环芳烃 ∑₇O-PAHs	8.93-158	40.5	33.5
总有机碳含量TOC%		0.072-0.518	0.253	0.232

Occurrence, Source and Potential Ecological Risk of Parent and Oxygenated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediments of Yangtze River Estuary and Adjacent East China Sea

长江口及邻近东海沉积物中多环芳烃和含氧多环芳烃的分布特征、来源及生态风险

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