Community Characteristics and Their Correlation Analysis of Typical Natural Forest in Zhalantun

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.07.003

Ecology and Environment ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (7): 1353-1359.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.07.003

Special Issue: 生物多样性专题汇编

• Research Articles • Previous Articles Next Articles

Community Characteristics and Their Correlation Analysis of Typical Natural Forest in Zhalantun

ZHAO Li¹^,²(), GUO Chunyan³, ZHANG Wenjun¹, WANG Xiaojiang¹, LIU Pingsheng¹^,²^,^*()

1. Inner Mongolia Academy of Forestry, Hohhot 010010, China
2. Key laboratory of conservation and cultivation in desert biological resources, State forestry bureau, Hohhot 010010, China
3. Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Meteorological Service Center, Inner Mongolia, Hohhot 010051, China

Received:2021-03-23 Online:2021-07-18 Published:2021-10-09
Contact: LIU Pingsheng

扎兰屯地区典型天然林群落特征及其相关性分析

赵丽¹^,²(), 郭春燕³, 张文军¹, 王晓江¹, 刘平生¹^,²^,^*()

1.内蒙古自治区林业科学研究院,内蒙古呼和浩特 010010
2.沙地生物资源保护与培育国家林业局重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特 010010
3.内蒙古自治区气象服务中心,内蒙古呼和浩特 010051

通讯作者: 刘平生
作者简介:赵丽（1982年生）,女,副研究员,研究方向为林木引种繁育与生态学。E-mail: 591518088@qq.com
基金资助:
内蒙古退耕还林工程生态效益监测项目;十三五国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0500904)

Abstract

Abstract:

The purpose of this paper is to improve management and ecological services of natural forests by exploring the community characteristics and their correlation relationship. In this study, the diameter breast height (DBH), diameter ground height (DGH), canopy diameter (CD), fraction cover (FC) of trees, shrub and herb were investigated for three typical communities i.e. pure larch forest (Larix gmelinii), birch secondary forest (Betula platyphylla), mixed larch-birch forest, located in Zhalantun in Daxinganling Mountains. The community characteristics including richness index, diversity index and evenness index were calculated and analyzed by PCA method. The results showed that (1) height and DBH of tree, DBG and FC of shrub layer in pure larch forest were largest. The herb characteristics of among three natural forests were not significantly different (P>0.05). (2) Corylus heterophylla and Spiraea pubescens were more important than the other shrub species in pure larch forest and mixed larch-birch forest. There was only one shrub species i.e. Salix hsinganica in birch secondary forest. Carex chinganensis was the dominant species among three natural forest. (3) The richness index, Simpson index and Shannon-Wiener index of tree and shrub were: mixed larch-birch forest>larch forest>birch secondary forest. The richness index of herb was largest for larch forest, while Simpson index and Shannon-Wiener index of herb were largest for birch secondary forest. Meantime, the Pielou index of tree, shrub and herb was the largest for mixed larch-birch forest. (4) PCA result showed that the diversity index and evenness of shrub increased and the herb diversity decreased when the canopy closure, height, DBH of trees and FC, height and DGH of shrub increased. We conclude that tree canopy density and shrub coverage, height and DGH are the main affecting factors of plant diversity. There is the correlation relationship between community characteristics and plant diversity.

Key words: natural forest, community characteristics, plant diversity, coupling relationship, principal component analysis

摘要：

为了解天然林的群落特征及其相关性,提升天然林的管理及生态防护功能,以大兴安岭扎兰屯天然落叶松（Larix gmelinii）纯林、白桦（Betula platyphylla）次生林、白桦-落叶松混交林为研究对象,分别对乔木层、灌木层和草本层的高度、胸径、冠幅、盖度等指标进行调查,分析群落结构特征,计算物种丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数,并进行主成分分析（PCA）。结果显示,（1）3个群落中落叶松林的乔木层树高、胸径和灌木层的地径、盖度均最高,草本层特征差异不显著（P>0.05）。（2）落叶松林、白桦-落叶松林中平榛（Corylus heterophylla）和土庄绣线菊（Spiraea pubescens）的重要值均明显高于其他灌木树种;白桦林灌木层只有兴安柳（Salix hsinganica）;3种林分草本层均以兴安苔草（Carex chinganensis）为优势种。（3）乔木层、灌木层的丰富度指数、Simpson指数和Shannon-Wiener指数均表现出：白桦-落叶松林>落叶松林>白桦次生林;草本层以落叶松林最为丰富,其Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数均以白桦林为最大;乔木层、灌木层、草本层的Pielou指数均以白桦-落叶松林为最大。（4）PCA排序结果显示,随着林分郁闭度、乔木树高、胸径及灌木盖度、高度、基径的增大,灌木层植物的多样性指数和均匀度增加明显,草本层多样性降低;草本高度越高、盖度越大,草本层多样性指数、均匀度越高。研究表明：乔木层郁闭度、灌木层生长特征（盖度、高度和基径）是影响物种多样性的主因,林分群落特征与植物多样性存在相关性。

关键词: 天然林, 群落结构特征, 植物多样性, 耦合关系, PCA分析

CLC Number:

ZHAO Li, GUO Chunyan, ZHANG Wenjun, WANG Xiaojiang, LIU Pingsheng. Community Characteristics and Their Correlation Analysis of Typical Natural Forest in Zhalantun[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2021, 30(7): 1353-1359.

赵丽, 郭春燕, 张文军, 王晓江, 刘平生. 扎兰屯地区典型天然林群落特征及其相关性分析[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(7): 1353-1359.

Figures/Tables 5

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层 Layer	特征参数 Characteristic parameter	落叶松林 Larch forest	白桦-落叶松林 Birch-larch forest	白桦林 Birch forest
乔木层 Arbor	树高Tree height/m	13.87±1.22a	10.78±0.47b	6.97±0.20c
	胸径 Tree diameter breast height/cm	18.73±4.63a	13.86±0.45a	7.24±0.37b
	郁闭度 Tree canopy closure/%	97.51±4.30a	87.78±17.80a	56.92±2.92b
灌木层 Shrub	株高 Shrub height/m	0.66±0.09a	0.7±0.04a	0.46±0.06b
	地径 Shrub ground diameter/cm	0.67±0.1a	0.61±0.13a	0.38±0.16a
	盖度 Shrub coverage/%	55.78±31.31a	39.25±9.5ab	10.33±4.33b
	冠幅 Shrub crown width/cm	31.19±11.74a	28.92±7.96a	20.00±10.33a
草本层 Herb	多度 Herb coverage/plant	12.24±5.92a	8.44±2.04a	7.00±1.20a
	高度 Herb height/cm	22.55±7.69a	14.50±1.71a	29.52±16.77a
	盖度 Herb coverage/%	60.65±26.55a	38.52±2.86a	56.32±2.63a

层 Layer	特征参数 Characteristic parameter	落叶松林 Larch forest	白桦-落叶松林 Birch-larch forest	白桦林 Birch forest
乔木层 Arbor	树高Tree height/m	13.87±1.22a	10.78±0.47b	6.97±0.20c
	胸径 Tree diameter breast height/cm	18.73±4.63a	13.86±0.45a	7.24±0.37b
	郁闭度 Tree canopy closure/%	97.51±4.30a	87.78±17.80a	56.92±2.92b
灌木层 Shrub	株高 Shrub height/m	0.66±0.09a	0.7±0.04a	0.46±0.06b
	地径 Shrub ground diameter/cm	0.67±0.1a	0.61±0.13a	0.38±0.16a
	盖度 Shrub coverage/%	55.78±31.31a	39.25±9.5ab	10.33±4.33b
	冠幅 Shrub crown width/cm	31.19±11.74a	28.92±7.96a	20.00±10.33a
草本层 Herb	多度 Herb coverage/plant	12.24±5.92a	8.44±2.04a	7.00±1.20a
	高度 Herb height/cm	22.55±7.69a	14.50±1.71a	29.52±16.77a
	盖度 Herb coverage/%	60.65±26.55a	38.52±2.86a	56.32±2.63a

层 layer	植物种 Plant species	重要值 Importance value/%
层 layer	植物种 Plant species	落叶松林 Larch forest	白桦-落叶松林 Birch-larch forest	白桦林 Birch forest
乔木层Tree	落叶松 Larix gmelinii	70.40	44.74	11.69
	山杨 Populus davidiana	9.71	2.95	5.83
	白桦 Betula platyphylla	9.87	22.53	76.62
	柞木 Xylosma racemosum	5.24	17.35	‒
	黑桦 Betula dahurica	4.78	12.43	5.86
灌木层Shrub	土庄绣线菊 Spiraea pubescens	28.72	35.32	‒
	平榛 Corylus heterophylla	56.66	53.24	‒
	小叶鼠李 Rhamnus parvifolia	‒	1.95	‒
	胡枝子 Lespedeza bicolor	14.62	6.98	‒
	山刺梅 Rosa davurica	‒	2.51	‒
	兴安柳 Salix hsinganica	‒	‒	100.00
草本层Herb	地榆 Sanguisorba officinalis	5.44	7.46	6.58
	东方草莓 Fragaria orientalis	16.56	10.82	‒
	兴安苔草 Carex chinganensis	29.61	38.37	36.45
	蒙古蒿 Mongolian wormwood	2.22	‒	‒
	唐松草Thalictrum petaloideum	4.25	4.67	1.10
	鼠掌老鹳草 Geranium sibiricum	3.31	5.07	15.41
	野火球 Trifolium lupinaster	2.66	2.95	0.91
	白莲蒿 Artemisia sacrorum	4.79	4.95	7.97
	龙牙草 Agrimonia pilosa	1.14	‒	2.53
	黑沙蒿 Artemisia ordosica	1.17	1.56	‒
	细叶鸢尾 Iris tenuifolia	4.79	3.12	3.26
	小红菊 Dendranthema chanetii	7.71	4.27	‒
	茜草 Rubia cordifolia	1.31	1.06	4.43
	费菜 Sedum aizoon	3.59	1.21	‒
	冰草 Agropyron cristatum	5.08	3.69	‒
	东北酸模 Rumex thyrsiflorus	0.84	‒	3.73
	狗尾草 Setaria viridis	‒	0.86	5.37
	铃兰 Convallaria majalis	‒	1.05	‒
	楔叶菊 Dendranthema naktongense	‒	1.19	‒
	柴胡 Bupleurum chinense	‒	1.17	‒
	益母草 Leonurus artemisia	‒	1.05	‒
	橐吾 Ligularia spp.	‒	‒	4.17

层 layer	植物种 Plant species	重要值 Importance value/%
层 layer	植物种 Plant species	落叶松林 Larch forest	白桦-落叶松林 Birch-larch forest	白桦林 Birch forest
乔木层Tree	落叶松 Larix gmelinii	70.40	44.74	11.69
	山杨 Populus davidiana	9.71	2.95	5.83
	白桦 Betula platyphylla	9.87	22.53	76.62
	柞木 Xylosma racemosum	5.24	17.35	‒
	黑桦 Betula dahurica	4.78	12.43	5.86
灌木层Shrub	土庄绣线菊 Spiraea pubescens	28.72	35.32	‒
	平榛 Corylus heterophylla	56.66	53.24	‒
	小叶鼠李 Rhamnus parvifolia	‒	1.95	‒
	胡枝子 Lespedeza bicolor	14.62	6.98	‒
	山刺梅 Rosa davurica	‒	2.51	‒
	兴安柳 Salix hsinganica	‒	‒	100.00
草本层Herb	地榆 Sanguisorba officinalis	5.44	7.46	6.58
	东方草莓 Fragaria orientalis	16.56	10.82	‒
	兴安苔草 Carex chinganensis	29.61	38.37	36.45
	蒙古蒿 Mongolian wormwood	2.22	‒	‒
	唐松草Thalictrum petaloideum	4.25	4.67	1.10
	鼠掌老鹳草 Geranium sibiricum	3.31	5.07	15.41
	野火球 Trifolium lupinaster	2.66	2.95	0.91
	白莲蒿 Artemisia sacrorum	4.79	4.95	7.97
	龙牙草 Agrimonia pilosa	1.14	‒	2.53
	黑沙蒿 Artemisia ordosica	1.17	1.56	‒
	细叶鸢尾 Iris tenuifolia	4.79	3.12	3.26
	小红菊 Dendranthema chanetii	7.71	4.27	‒
	茜草 Rubia cordifolia	1.31	1.06	4.43
	费菜 Sedum aizoon	3.59	1.21	‒
	冰草 Agropyron cristatum	5.08	3.69	‒
	东北酸模 Rumex thyrsiflorus	0.84	‒	3.73
	狗尾草 Setaria viridis	‒	0.86	5.37
	铃兰 Convallaria majalis	‒	1.05	‒
	楔叶菊 Dendranthema naktongense	‒	1.19	‒
	柴胡 Bupleurum chinense	‒	1.17	‒
	益母草 Leonurus artemisia	‒	1.05	‒
	橐吾 Ligularia spp.	‒	‒	4.17

层 Layer	物种多样性指数 Species diversity index	落叶松林 Larch forest	白桦-落叶松混交林 Birch-larch forest	白桦林 Birch forest
乔木层 Arbor	丰富度R	2.67±1.53ab	4.33±0.58a	2.00±0b
	Simpson指数D	0.21±0.20b	0.67±0.01a	0.13±0.18b
	Shannon-Wienner 指数H	0.43±0.40b	1.25±0.03a	0.22±0.26b
	Pielou指数1 J_sw	0.31±0.29b	0.86±0.05a	0.29±0.33b
	Pielou指数2 J_si	0.28±0.26a	0.88±0.04a	0.28±0.40a
	Alatalo指数E_a	0.33±0.29b	0.83±0.06a	0.49±0.21ab
灌木层 Shrub	丰富度R	3.00±0a	3.33±1.53a	1.00±0b
	Simpson指数D	0.36±0.08a	0.59±0.34a	0.00b
	Shannon-Wienner 指数H	0.63±0.14a	0.62±0.20a	0.00b
	Pielou指数1 J_sw	0.58±0.13a	0.58±0.19a	0.00b
	Pielou指数2 J_si	0.53±0.13ab	0.90±0.49a	0.00b
	Alatalo指数E_a	0.63±0.04a	0.65±0.11a	0.00b
草本层 Herb	丰富度R	16.00±2.00a	15.67±2.08a	10.67±2.08b
	Simpson指数D	0.77±0.07a	0.78±0.07a	0.84±0.02a
	Shannon-Wienner 指数H	1.79±0.24a	1.96±0.29a	2.04±0.10a
	Pielou指数1 J_sw	0.65±0.07b	0.71±0.07ab	0.87±0.03a
	Pielou指数2 J_si	0.82±0.07a	0.84±0.07a	0.93±0.01a
	Alatalo指数E_a	0.68±0.06ab	0.62±0.05b	0.77±0.02a

Community Characteristics and Their Correlation Analysis of Typical Natural Forest in Zhalantun

扎兰屯地区典型天然林群落特征及其相关性分析

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References 28

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群落特征参数 Community characteristic parameter	PCA
群落特征参数 Community characteristic parameter	Axis 1	Axis 2	Axis 3	Axis 4
特征值 Eigenvalues	0.6842	0.2037	0.0398	0.0388
累积贡献率 Explained variation (cumulative)	68.42	88.79	92.77	96.65

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